Contamination of skin and surfaces by cobalt in the hard metal industry

Background It is well known that hard metal workers have historically been affected by contact allergy to cobalt. Knowledge is sparse about occupational skin exposure to cobalt, in terms of skin doses and sources of exposure, which could be used to improve protection of workers. Objectives To improv...

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Vydané v:	Contact dermatitis Ročník 79; číslo 4; s. 226 - 231
Hlavní autori:	Kettelarij, Jolinde, Midander, Klara, Lidén, Carola, Julander, Anneli
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2018 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Predmet:	Adult Allergies Alloys Cobalt Cobalt - adverse effects Cobalt - analysis cobalt skin dose cobalt spot test Contamination Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology Dermatitis, Occupational - etiology exposure Female Gloves, Protective - statistics & numerical data hard metal Humans ICP‐MS Male Mass Spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Metallurgy Middle Aged Occupational exposure Occupational Exposure - analysis prevention Skin Tungsten Young Adult hard metal cobalt skin dose cobalt spot test ICP-MS exposure prevention
ISSN:	0105-1873, 1600-0536, 1600-0536
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Abstract	Background It is well known that hard metal workers have historically been affected by contact allergy to cobalt. Knowledge is sparse about occupational skin exposure to cobalt, in terms of skin doses and sources of exposure, which could be used to improve protection of workers. Objectives To improve knowledge about skin doses and sources of skin exposure to cobalt within hard metal production, thereby facilitating better protection of workers. Methods Forty workers were sampled on the index finger by acid wipe sampling after 2 hours of work. The samples were analysed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cobalt spot testing was performed in the work environment. Results The highest skin doses were found among raw material workers. Skin doses among other production workers were also significant. Most office workers had low, but measurable, levels of cobalt on the skin. Glove use varied between workers. Cobalt was found on production equipment, on items in the canteen area, and on handles and buttons throughout the company. Conclusions Cobalt skin doses were prominent, and originated from contact with raw materials, sintered materials, and contaminated surfaces. Cobalt was present on surfaces outside production areas. Companies need to identify and reduce skin exposure for protection of workers.
AbstractList	Background It is well known that hard metal workers have historically been affected by contact allergy to cobalt. Knowledge is sparse about occupational skin exposure to cobalt, in terms of skin doses and sources of exposure, which could be used to improve protection of workers. Objectives To improve knowledge about skin doses and sources of skin exposure to cobalt within hard metal production, thereby facilitating better protection of workers. Methods Forty workers were sampled on the index finger by acid wipe sampling after 2 hours of work. The samples were analysed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cobalt spot testing was performed in the work environment. Results The highest skin doses were found among raw material workers. Skin doses among other production workers were also significant. Most office workers had low, but measurable, levels of cobalt on the skin. Glove use varied between workers. Cobalt was found on production equipment, on items in the canteen area, and on handles and buttons throughout the company. Conclusions Cobalt skin doses were prominent, and originated from contact with raw materials, sintered materials, and contaminated surfaces. Cobalt was present on surfaces outside production areas. Companies need to identify and reduce skin exposure for protection of workers. BackgroundIt is well known that hard metal workers have historically been affected by contact allergy to cobalt. Knowledge is sparse about occupational skin exposure to cobalt, in terms of skin doses and sources of exposure, which could be used to improve protection of workers.ObjectivesTo improve knowledge about skin doses and sources of skin exposure to cobalt within hard metal production, thereby facilitating better protection of workers.MethodsForty workers were sampled on the index finger by acid wipe sampling after 2 hours of work. The samples were analysed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cobalt spot testing was performed in the work environment.ResultsThe highest skin doses were found among raw material workers. Skin doses among other production workers were also significant. Most office workers had low, but measurable, levels of cobalt on the skin. Glove use varied between workers. Cobalt was found on production equipment, on items in the canteen area, and on handles and buttons throughout the company.ConclusionsCobalt skin doses were prominent, and originated from contact with raw materials, sintered materials, and contaminated surfaces. Cobalt was present on surfaces outside production areas. Companies need to identify and reduce skin exposure for protection of workers. It is well known that hard metal workers have historically been affected by contact allergy to cobalt. Knowledge is sparse about occupational skin exposure to cobalt, in terms of skin doses and sources of exposure, which could be used to improve protection of workers. To improve knowledge about skin doses and sources of skin exposure to cobalt within hard metal production, thereby facilitating better protection of workers. Forty workers were sampled on the index finger by acid wipe sampling after 2 hours of work. The samples were analysed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cobalt spot testing was performed in the work environment. The highest skin doses were found among raw material workers. Skin doses among other production workers were also significant. Most office workers had low, but measurable, levels of cobalt on the skin. Glove use varied between workers. Cobalt was found on production equipment, on items in the canteen area, and on handles and buttons throughout the company. Cobalt skin doses were prominent, and originated from contact with raw materials, sintered materials, and contaminated surfaces. Cobalt was present on surfaces outside production areas. Companies need to identify and reduce skin exposure for protection of workers. It is well known that hard metal workers have historically been affected by contact allergy to cobalt. Knowledge is sparse about occupational skin exposure to cobalt, in terms of skin doses and sources of exposure, which could be used to improve protection of workers.BACKGROUNDIt is well known that hard metal workers have historically been affected by contact allergy to cobalt. Knowledge is sparse about occupational skin exposure to cobalt, in terms of skin doses and sources of exposure, which could be used to improve protection of workers.To improve knowledge about skin doses and sources of skin exposure to cobalt within hard metal production, thereby facilitating better protection of workers.OBJECTIVESTo improve knowledge about skin doses and sources of skin exposure to cobalt within hard metal production, thereby facilitating better protection of workers.Forty workers were sampled on the index finger by acid wipe sampling after 2 hours of work. The samples were analysed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cobalt spot testing was performed in the work environment.METHODSForty workers were sampled on the index finger by acid wipe sampling after 2 hours of work. The samples were analysed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cobalt spot testing was performed in the work environment.The highest skin doses were found among raw material workers. Skin doses among other production workers were also significant. Most office workers had low, but measurable, levels of cobalt on the skin. Glove use varied between workers. Cobalt was found on production equipment, on items in the canteen area, and on handles and buttons throughout the company.RESULTSThe highest skin doses were found among raw material workers. Skin doses among other production workers were also significant. Most office workers had low, but measurable, levels of cobalt on the skin. Glove use varied between workers. Cobalt was found on production equipment, on items in the canteen area, and on handles and buttons throughout the company.Cobalt skin doses were prominent, and originated from contact with raw materials, sintered materials, and contaminated surfaces. Cobalt was present on surfaces outside production areas. Companies need to identify and reduce skin exposure for protection of workers.CONCLUSIONSCobalt skin doses were prominent, and originated from contact with raw materials, sintered materials, and contaminated surfaces. Cobalt was present on surfaces outside production areas. Companies need to identify and reduce skin exposure for protection of workers.
Author	Kettelarij, Jolinde Lidén, Carola Julander, Anneli Midander, Klara
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SubjectTerms	Adult Allergies Alloys Cobalt Cobalt - adverse effects Cobalt - analysis cobalt skin dose cobalt spot test Contamination Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology Dermatitis, Occupational - etiology exposure Female Gloves, Protective - statistics & numerical data hard metal Humans ICP‐MS Male Mass Spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Metallurgy Middle Aged Occupational exposure Occupational Exposure - analysis prevention Skin Tungsten Young Adult
Title	Contamination of skin and surfaces by cobalt in the hard metal industry
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