"Spooky Action at a Distance" in the Cardinalized Probability Hypothesis Density Filter

The cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) filter is a recursive Bayesian algorithm for estimating multiple target states with varying target number in clutter. In the present work, it is shown that a missed detection in one part of the field of view has a significant effect on the proba...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems Jg. 45; H. 4; S. 1657 - 1664
Hauptverfasser: Franken, D., Schmidt, M., Ulmke, M.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: New York IEEE 01.10.2009
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Schlagworte:
Aircraft components
Algorithms
Bayesian methods
Clutter
Density
Electronic systems
Equations
Estimates
Mathematical analysis
Nonlinear filters
Object detection
Quantum entanglement
Recursive
Recursive estimation
State estimation
Target tracking
ISSN:0018-9251, 1557-9603
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Abstract The cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) filter is a recursive Bayesian algorithm for estimating multiple target states with varying target number in clutter. In the present work, it is shown that a missed detection in one part of the field of view has a significant effect on the probability hypothesis density (PHD) arbitrarily far apart from the missed detection. In the case of zero false alarm rate, this effect is particularly pronounced and can be calculated by solving the CPHD filter equations analytically. While the CPHD filter update of the total cardinality distribution is exact, the local target number estimate close to the missed detection is artificially strongly reduced. A first ad-hoc approach towards a "locally" CPHD filter for reducing this deficiency is presented and discussed.
AbstractList The cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) filter is a recursive Bayesian algorithm for estimating multiple target states with varying target number in clutter. In the present work, it is shown that a missed detection in one part of the field of view has a significant effect on the probability hypothesis density (PHD) arbitrarily far apart from the missed detection. In the case of zero false alarm rate, this effect is particularly pronounced and can be calculated by solving the CPHD filter equations analytically. While the CPHD filter update of the total cardinality distribution is exact, the local target number estimate close to the missed detection is artificially strongly reduced. A first ad-hoc approach towards a "locally" CPHD filter for reducing this deficiency is presented and discussed.
Author Ulmke, M.
Franken, D.
Schmidt, M.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: D.
  surname: Franken
  fullname: Franken, D.
  organization: Data Fusion Algorithms & Software, EADS Deutschland GmbH, Ulm, Germany
– sequence: 2
  givenname: M.
  surname: Schmidt
  fullname: Schmidt, M.
  organization: Data Fusion Algorithms & Software, EADS Deutschland GmbH, Ulm, Germany
– sequence: 3
  givenname: M.
  surname: Ulmke
  fullname: Ulmke, M.
  organization: Sensor Data & Inf. Fusion, Fraunhofer FKIE, Wachtberg, Germany
BookMark eNp9kE1PwyAAQInRxG36A4wXsounTijQ0uOyD2eyRJPNeGwo0MjsygR2mL9emk0PO3giwHt8vD64bG2rAbjDaIQxKh7X49lqlCJUjBjBiKT5BehhxvKkyBC5BD2EME-KlOFr0Pd-E6eUU9ID78PVztrPAxzLYGwLRYACTo0PopV6CE0Lw4eGE-GUaUVjvrWCr85WojKNCQe4OOxsBLzxcKpb3y3NTRO0uwFXtWi8vj2NA_A2n60ni2T58vQ8GS8TSQoUkpypPEUqY0xltEKMUlLnTNYVzWiGKl4pJHJScMF5TYVW0VIyw1zSSkolKzIAD8dzd85-7bUP5dZ4qZtGtNrufckx5zTFNI_k8Izc2L2Ln4pQhnF8BiIRwkdIOuu903W5c2Yr3KHEqOxCl13osgtdnkJHJz9zpAmiqxmcMM2_5v3RNFrrv5t-d38AwQGMhg
CODEN IEARAX
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2015_2500884
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_rsn_2017_0077
crossref_primary_10_3390_s21020472
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2023_3327692
crossref_primary_10_1109_LSP_2016_2557078
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2017_2767910
crossref_primary_10_1364_AO_384609
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2016_140067
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_2971624
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sigpro_2021_108321
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sigpro_2022_108783
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3218324
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2014_2364014
crossref_primary_10_3390_s16111964
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40295_022_00332_0
crossref_primary_10_1155_2019_9278725
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2017_2688960
crossref_primary_10_3390_rs16020251
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2017_2688966
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2017_2757905
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dsp_2016_05_011
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2018_2872856
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2016_2586752
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2019_2943234
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2018_2875555
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sigpro_2020_107683
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2015_2468677
crossref_primary_10_3390_rs16234511
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2014_2323064
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2013_6494406
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2018_2881659
crossref_primary_10_1109_JOE_2012_2186859
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2009_2025816
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_rsn_2012_0184
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2015_130550
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2019_2957638
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2023_3278944
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00498_020_00271_x
crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2018_2789427
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2012_2183128
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2018_2830578
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2013_6404111
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2024_3382068
Cites_doi 10.1109/ICIF.2005.1591848
10.1017/S0515036100006796
10.1117/12.667083
10.1109/TAES.2007.4441756
10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408105
10.1109/TSP.2009.2025816
10.1017/S0515036100006802
10.1109/TSP.2006.881190
10.1109/TSP.2007.894241
10.1109/TAES.2003.1261119
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2009
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2009
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
7TB
8FD
FR3
H8D
L7M
F28
DOI 10.1109/TAES.2009.5310327
DatabaseName IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Engineering Research Database
Aerospace Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Aerospace Database
Engineering Research Database
Technology Research Database
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering
DatabaseTitleList Aerospace Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1557-9603
EndPage 1664
ExternalDocumentID 2315976101
10_1109_TAES_2009_5310327
5310327
Genre orig-research
GroupedDBID -~X
0R~
29I
4.4
41~
5GY
5VS
6IK
97E
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACGFO
ACIWK
ACNCT
AENEX
AETIX
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AI.
AIBXA
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALLEH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ASUFR
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
CS3
DU5
EBS
EJD
F5P
H~9
IAAWW
IBMZZ
ICLAB
IFIPE
IFJZH
IPLJI
JAVBF
LAI
M43
OCL
P2P
RIA
RIE
RNS
TN5
VH1
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
7TB
8FD
FR3
H8D
L7M
F28
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-75d720d655d64b05443f75cfb46460b8bd0a7398a88f4aedc39dc618c4bccdcb3
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISICitedReferencesCount 65
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000274144200032&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0018-9251
IngestDate Sun Nov 23 09:56:07 EST 2025
Sun Nov 09 07:35:51 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 01:51:14 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:06:01 EST 2025
Wed Aug 27 02:52:20 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c390t-75d720d655d64b05443f75cfb46460b8bd0a7398a88f4aedc39dc618c4bccdcb3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Article-2
ObjectType-Feature-1
content type line 23
PQID 861172003
PQPubID 85477
PageCount 8
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_818842147
ieee_primary_5310327
proquest_journals_861172003
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2009_5310327
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TAES_2009_5310327
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2009-Oct.
2009-10-00
20091001
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2009-10-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2009
  text: 2009-Oct.
PublicationDecade 2000
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems
PublicationTitleAbbrev T-AES
PublicationYear 2009
Publisher IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References ref8
mahler (ref4) 2006
ref7
panjer (ref11) 1981; 12
mahler (ref2) 2007
ref3
ref6
ref10
ref5
sundt (ref12) 1981; 12
ref1
einstein (ref9) 1971
References_xml – ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1109/ICIF.2005.1591848
– volume: 12
  start-page: 22
  year: 1981
  ident: ref11
  article-title: Recursive evaluation of a family of compound distributions
  publication-title: Astin Bulletin
  doi: 10.1017/S0515036100006796
– year: 2006
  ident: ref4
  article-title: A theory of PHD filters of higher order in target number
  publication-title: Proceedings of Signal Processing Sensor Fusion and Target Recognition XV
  doi: 10.1117/12.667083
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.1109/TAES.2007.4441756
– year: 2007
  ident: ref2
  publication-title: Statistical Multisource-Multitarget Information Fusion
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408105
– start-page: 158
  year: 1971
  ident: ref9
  publication-title: Born-Einstein Letters
– ident: ref6
  doi: 10.1109/TSP.2009.2025816
– volume: 12
  start-page: 27
  year: 1981
  ident: ref12
  article-title: Further results of recursive evaluation of compound distributions
  publication-title: Astin Bulletin
  doi: 10.1017/S0515036100006802
– ident: ref7
  doi: 10.1109/TSP.2006.881190
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/TSP.2007.894241
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1109/TAES.2003.1261119
SSID ssj0014843
Score 2.2206893
Snippet The cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) filter is a recursive Bayesian algorithm for estimating multiple target states with varying target...
SourceID proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 1657
SubjectTerms Aircraft components
Algorithms
Bayesian methods
Clutter
Density
Electronic systems
Equations
Estimates
Mathematical analysis
Nonlinear filters
Object detection
Quantum entanglement
Recursive
Recursive estimation
State estimation
Target tracking
Title "Spooky Action at a Distance" in the Cardinalized Probability Hypothesis Density Filter
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5310327
https://www.proquest.com/docview/861172003
https://www.proquest.com/docview/818842147
Volume 45
WOSCitedRecordID wos000274144200032&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1557-9603
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0014843
  issn: 0018-9251
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 19650101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  providerName: IEEE
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8NAEB6qeNCDryrWF4t4EqNJk-xujqVaepAitD5uYV-BgqSlaYX6653dpEFRBG9hs7uEmZ2ZbzMvgMu2r1UkqfREnEgPFR71RMCpRyXi10xlRrtgzOcHNhjw19fksQHXdS6MMcYFn5kb--h8-XqiFvZX2W1sm2K12RqsMUbLXK3aYxDxKkIuQAFGo115MAM_uR117odlZcpqg282yDVV-aGJnXnp7fzvw3Zhu4KRpFPyfQ8aJt-HrS_FBZvwcjGcIoJeko5LXSBiTgS5s3AR-XxBxjlB7Ee69oRYMP5hNHmcoXS7aNkl6S-nNjmrGBfkzga541BvbF3rB_DUux91-17VRsFTYeLPPRZrhiyhcaxpJH1b8C5jscpkRCPqSy61L1iYcMF5FgmjcZVWNODIQ6W0kuEhrOeT3BwBCXlbICQRuBgvYpFCMKEyHmRCsiwMpWqBvyJsqqoa47bVxVvq7hp-klpe2NaXSVrRrAVX9ZJpWWDjr8lNS_x6Yj18suJeWolgkXIaIDhDpdUCUr9F2bEOEZGbyQKnBJxHtlHT8e_7nsCmcx652L1TWJ_PFuYMNtT7fFzMzt35-wQy0Nfv
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3dSxtBEB_UFmwfrDYWo7YuoU_i6V5ub2_vMSSGiDEISTVvx34dBOQS8iGkf72zm_OwWAp9O_Z2l2NmZ-a3N18AP5vUaKa4CmScqgAVHg9kKHjAFeLXXOfW-GDMh34yGIjxOL3fgosqF8Za64PP7KV79L58M9Ur96vsKnZNsZrJNnyIGWvSTbZW5TNgooyRC1GE0WyXPsyQplej1vVwU5uy3OIPK-TbqrzTxd7AdL_836ftw14JJElrw_kD2LLFV_j8prxgDR4bwxli6DVp-eQFIpdEko4DjMjpBpkUBNEfabsz4uD4b2vI_Rzl28fLrklvPXPpWYvJgnRcmDsOdSfOuX4Iv7rXo3YvKBspBDpK6TJIYpMgU3gcG84UdSXv8iTWuWKccaqEMlQmUSqkEDmT1uAqo3kokItaG62ib7BTTAt7BCQSTYmgROJivIoxjXBC5yLMpUryKFK6DvSVsJkuq4y7ZhdPmb9t0DRzvHDNL9OspFkdzqsls02JjX9NrjniVxOr4ZNX7mWlEC4ywUOEZ6i26kCqtyg9ziUiCztd4ZRQCOZaNR3_fd8z2O2N7vpZ_2ZwewKfvCvJR_Kdws5yvrLf4aN-Xk4W8x_-LL4AlbfbNg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22Spooky+Action+at+a+Distance%22+in+the+Cardinalized+Probability+Hypothesis+Density+Filter&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+aerospace+and+electronic+systems&rft.au=Franken%2C+D.&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+M.&rft.au=Ulmke%2C+M.&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.issn=0018-9251&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1657&rft.epage=1664&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTAES.2009.5310327&rft.externalDocID=5310327
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0018-9251&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0018-9251&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0018-9251&client=summon