Elk resource selection at parturition sites, Black Hills, South Dakota
We studied elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) parturition sites at coarse (314-km2 and 7-km2) and fine (0.2-ha) scales in the Black Hills, South Dakota, 2011–2013, following a period of population decline and poor calf recruitment. Our objective was to test whether female elk selected parturition sites...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of wildlife management Jg. 80; H. 3; S. 465 - 478 |
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| Abstract | We studied elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) parturition sites at coarse (314-km2 and 7-km2) and fine (0.2-ha) scales in the Black Hills, South Dakota, 2011–2013, following a period of population decline and poor calf recruitment. Our objective was to test whether female elk selected parturition sites across spatial scales in association with forage, terrain ruggedness, road density, or hiding and security cover. At coarse scales in forests and grasslands, female elk selected sites in areas with greater proportions of vegetation communities that provided forage (56–74% of area) and more rugged topography (194—248 m) than found at random. At coarse scales in grasslands, elk selected sites in areas with lower road densities (≤1.24 km/plot). At the fine scale in forests and grasslands, female elk selected sites in areas with intermediate slope (19%), closer to water (355–610 m), and far from roads (541–791 m). Further, elk in forests and grasslands selected sites with intermediate security cover (50–88 m). We hypothesize elk selected for intermediate rugged terrain at larger scales for security from high road densities and human disturbance, but these areas may have placed elk in riskier environments for puma (Puma concolor) prédation. Forest management that maintains open-canopied vegetation communities in less rugged areas and prevents ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) encroachment of meadows to provide forage may be beneficial for elk. Further, elk parturition sites occurred close to roads, particularly on public lands, and agencies should consider road-use restrictions and vegetation buffers beside roads in areas with less rugged terrain, which may provide favorable calving habitat. |
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| AbstractList | We studied elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) parturition sites at coarse (314-km2 and 7-km2) and fine (0.2-ha) scales in the Black Hills, South Dakota, 2011-2013, following a period of population decline and poor calf recruitment. Our objective was to test whether female elk selected parturition sites across spatial scales in association with forage, terrain ruggedness, road density, or hiding and security cover. At coarse scales in forests and grasslands, female elk selected sites in areas with greater proportions of vegetation communities that provided forage (56-74% of area) and more rugged topography (194-248m) than found at random. At coarse scales in grasslands, elk selected sites in areas with lower road densities (≤1.24km/plot). At the fine scale in forests and grasslands, female elk selected sites in areas with intermediate slope (19%), closer to water (355-610m), and far from roads (541-791m). Further, elk in forests and grasslands selected sites with intermediate security cover (50-88m). We hypothesize elk selected for intermediate rugged terrain at larger scales for security from high road densities and human disturbance, but these areas may have placed elk in riskier environments for puma (Puma concolor) predation. Forest management that maintains open-canopied vegetation communities in less rugged areas and prevents ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) encroachment of meadows to provide forage may be beneficial for elk. Further, elk parturition sites occurred close to roads, particularly on public lands, and agencies should consider road-use restrictions and vegetation buffers beside roads in areas with less rugged terrain, which may provide favorable calving habitat. © 2015 The Wildlife Society. ABSTRACT We studied elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) parturition sites at coarse (314‐km2 and 7‐km2) and fine (0.2‐ha) scales in the Black Hills, South Dakota, 2011–2013, following a period of population decline and poor calf recruitment. Our objective was to test whether female elk selected parturition sites across spatial scales in association with forage, terrain ruggedness, road density, or hiding and security cover. At coarse scales in forests and grasslands, female elk selected sites in areas with greater proportions of vegetation communities that provided forage (56–74% of area) and more rugged topography (194–248 m) than found at random. At coarse scales in grasslands, elk selected sites in areas with lower road densities (≤1.24 km/plot). At the fine scale in forests and grasslands, female elk selected sites in areas with intermediate slope (19%), closer to water (355–610 m), and far from roads (541–791 m). Further, elk in forests and grasslands selected sites with intermediate security cover (50–88 m). We hypothesize elk selected for intermediate rugged terrain at larger scales for security from high road densities and human disturbance, but these areas may have placed elk in riskier environments for puma (Puma concolor) predation. Forest management that maintains open‐canopied vegetation communities in less rugged areas and prevents ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) encroachment of meadows to provide forage may be beneficial for elk. Further, elk parturition sites occurred close to roads, particularly on public lands, and agencies should consider road‐use restrictions and vegetation buffers beside roads in areas with less rugged terrain, which may provide favorable calving habitat. © 2015 The Wildlife Society. We studied elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) parturition sites at coarse (314-km2 and 7-km2) and fine (0.2-ha) scales in the Black Hills, South Dakota, 2011–2013, following a period of population decline and poor calf recruitment. Our objective was to test whether female elk selected parturition sites across spatial scales in association with forage, terrain ruggedness, road density, or hiding and security cover. At coarse scales in forests and grasslands, female elk selected sites in areas with greater proportions of vegetation communities that provided forage (56–74% of area) and more rugged topography (194—248 m) than found at random. At coarse scales in grasslands, elk selected sites in areas with lower road densities (≤1.24 km/plot). At the fine scale in forests and grasslands, female elk selected sites in areas with intermediate slope (19%), closer to water (355–610 m), and far from roads (541–791 m). Further, elk in forests and grasslands selected sites with intermediate security cover (50–88 m). We hypothesize elk selected for intermediate rugged terrain at larger scales for security from high road densities and human disturbance, but these areas may have placed elk in riskier environments for puma (Puma concolor) prédation. Forest management that maintains open-canopied vegetation communities in less rugged areas and prevents ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) encroachment of meadows to provide forage may be beneficial for elk. Further, elk parturition sites occurred close to roads, particularly on public lands, and agencies should consider road-use restrictions and vegetation buffers beside roads in areas with less rugged terrain, which may provide favorable calving habitat. We studied elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) parturition sites at coarse (314-km super(2) and 7-km super(2)) and fine (0.2-ha) scales in the Black Hills, South Dakota, 2011-2013, following a period of population decline and poor calf recruitment. Our objective was to test whether female elk selected parturition sites across spatial scales in association with forage, terrain ruggedness, road density, or hiding and security cover. At coarse scales in forests and grasslands, female elk selected sites in areas with greater proportions of vegetation communities that provided forage (56-74% of area) and more rugged topography (194-248m) than found at random. At coarse scales in grasslands, elk selected sites in areas with lower road densities ( less than or equal to 1.24km/plot). At the fine scale in forests and grasslands, female elk selected sites in areas with intermediate slope (19%), closer to water (355-610m), and far from roads (541-791m). Further, elk in forests and grasslands selected sites with intermediate security cover (50-88m). We hypothesize elk selected for intermediate rugged terrain at larger scales for security from high road densities and human disturbance, but these areas may have placed elk in riskier environments for puma (Puma concolor) predation. Forest management that maintains open-canopied vegetation communities in less rugged areas and prevents ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) encroachment of meadows to provide forage may be beneficial for elk. Further, elk parturition sites occurred close to roads, particularly on public lands, and agencies should consider road-use restrictions and vegetation buffers beside roads in areas with less rugged terrain, which may provide favorable calving habitat. copyright 2015 The Wildlife Society. |
| Author | Rumble, Mark A. Lehman, Chadwick P. Rota, Christopher T. Bird, Benjamin J. Fogarty, Dillon T. Millspaugh, Joshua J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chadwick P. surname: Lehman fullname: Lehman, Chadwick P. email: chad.lehman@state.sd.us organization: South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks, 13329 US Highway 16A, SD, 57730, Custer, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Mark A. surname: Rumble fullname: Rumble, Mark A. organization: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 8221 South Highway 16, SD, 57702, Rapid City, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Christopher T. surname: Rota fullname: Rota, Christopher T. organization: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, 302 ABNR Building, MO, 65211, Columbia, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Benjamin J. surname: Bird fullname: Bird, Benjamin J. organization: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Road, CO, 80526, Fort Collins, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Dillon T. surname: Fogarty fullname: Fogarty, Dillon T. organization: South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks, 13329 US Highway 16A, SD, 57730, Custer, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Joshua J. surname: Millspaugh fullname: Millspaugh, Joshua J. organization: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, 302 ABNR Building, MO, 65211, Columbia, USA |
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| Snippet | We studied elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) parturition sites at coarse (314-km2 and 7-km2) and fine (0.2-ha) scales in the Black Hills, South Dakota,... ABSTRACT We studied elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) parturition sites at coarse (314‐km2 and 7‐km2) and fine (0.2‐ha) scales in the Black Hills, South Dakota,... We studied elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) parturition sites at coarse (314-km super(2) and 7-km super(2)) and fine (0.2-ha) scales in the Black Hills, South... |
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| SubjectTerms | Black Hills calving habitat Cervus Elk Encroachment Forest management Forests Grasslands parturition Pine trees Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine Population decline Population Ecology Public lands resource selection Roads Roads & highways Vegetation Wildlife Wildlife management |
| Title | Elk resource selection at parturition sites, Black Hills, South Dakota |
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