Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome—prevalence, determinants, consequences, and interventions: A literature review

•Youth with DS were more likely to be overweight and obesity than youth without DS.•The obesity risk increased in children with DS after age 2 years.•Likely determinants of obesity included increased leptin, decreased resting energy expenditure, comorbidities, unfavorable diet, and low physical acti...

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Veröffentlicht in:Research in developmental disabilities Jg. 57; H. NA; S. 181 - 192
Hauptverfasser: Bertapelli, Fabio, Pitetti, Ken, Agiovlasitis, Stamatis, Guerra-Junior, Gil
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2016
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ISSN:0891-4222, 1873-3379
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Abstract •Youth with DS were more likely to be overweight and obesity than youth without DS.•The obesity risk increased in children with DS after age 2 years.•Likely determinants of obesity included increased leptin, decreased resting energy expenditure, comorbidities, unfavorable diet, and low physical activity levels.•Obesity was associated with obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and gait disorder.•Interventions for obesity prevention and control were primarily based on exercise-based programs. Children with Down syndrome (DS) are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general population of youth without DS. To review the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their determinants in youth with DS. The health consequences and the effectiveness of interventions were also examined. A search using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, and COCHRANE was conducted. From a total of 4280 studies, we included 45 original research articles published between 1988 and 2015. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity varied between studies from 23% to 70%. Youth with DS had higher rates of overweight and obesity than youths without DS. Likely determinants of obesity included increased leptin, decreased resting energy expenditure, comorbidities, unfavorable diet, and low physical activity levels. Obesity was positively associated with obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and gait disorder. Interventions for obesity prevention and control were primarily based on exercise-based programs, and were insufficient to achieve weight or fat loss. Population-based research is needed to identify risk factors and support multi-factorial strategies for reducing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with DS.
AbstractList •Youth with DS were more likely to be overweight and obesity than youth without DS.•The obesity risk increased in children with DS after age 2 years.•Likely determinants of obesity included increased leptin, decreased resting energy expenditure, comorbidities, unfavorable diet, and low physical activity levels.•Obesity was associated with obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and gait disorder.•Interventions for obesity prevention and control were primarily based on exercise-based programs. Children with Down syndrome (DS) are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general population of youth without DS. To review the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their determinants in youth with DS. The health consequences and the effectiveness of interventions were also examined. A search using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, and COCHRANE was conducted. From a total of 4280 studies, we included 45 original research articles published between 1988 and 2015. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity varied between studies from 23% to 70%. Youth with DS had higher rates of overweight and obesity than youths without DS. Likely determinants of obesity included increased leptin, decreased resting energy expenditure, comorbidities, unfavorable diet, and low physical activity levels. Obesity was positively associated with obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and gait disorder. Interventions for obesity prevention and control were primarily based on exercise-based programs, and were insufficient to achieve weight or fat loss. Population-based research is needed to identify risk factors and support multi-factorial strategies for reducing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with DS.
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general population of youth without DS. To review the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their determinants in youth with DS. The health consequences and the effectiveness of interventions were also examined. A search using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, and COCHRANE was conducted. From a total of 4280 studies, we included 45 original research articles published between 1988 and 2015. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity varied between studies from 23% to 70%. Youth with DS had higher rates of overweight and obesity than youths without DS. Likely determinants of obesity included increased leptin, decreased resting energy expenditure, comorbidities, unfavorable diet, and low physical activity levels. Obesity was positively associated with obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and gait disorder. Interventions for obesity prevention and control were primarily based on exercise-based programs, and were insufficient to achieve weight or fat loss. Population-based research is needed to identify risk factors and support multi-factorial strategies for reducing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with DS.
BACKGROUNDChildren with Down syndrome (DS) are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general population of youth without DS.AIMSTo review the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their determinants in youth with DS. The health consequences and the effectiveness of interventions were also examined.METHODS AND PROCEDURESA search using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, and COCHRANE was conducted. From a total of 4280 studies, we included 45 original research articles published between 1988 and 2015.OUTCOMES AND RESULTSThe combined prevalence of overweight and obesity varied between studies from 23% to 70%. Youth with DS had higher rates of overweight and obesity than youths without DS. Likely determinants of obesity included increased leptin, decreased resting energy expenditure, comorbidities, unfavorable diet, and low physical activity levels. Obesity was positively associated with obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and gait disorder. Interventions for obesity prevention and control were primarily based on exercise-based programs, and were insufficient to achieve weight or fat loss.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSPopulation-based research is needed to identify risk factors and support multi-factorial strategies for reducing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with DS.
Author Bertapelli, Fabio
Pitetti, Ken
Agiovlasitis, Stamatis
Guerra-Junior, Gil
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Fabio
  surname: Bertapelli
  fullname: Bertapelli, Fabio
  email: fbertapelli@gmail.com
  organization: CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70040-020, Brazil
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Ken
  surname: Pitetti
  fullname: Pitetti, Ken
  email: ken.pitetti@wichita.edu
  organization: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260-0043, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Stamatis
  surname: Agiovlasitis
  fullname: Agiovlasitis, Stamatis
  email: sagiovlasitis@colled.msstate.edu
  organization: Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Gil
  surname: Guerra-Junior
  fullname: Guerra-Junior, Gil
  email: gilguer@fcm.unicamp.br
  organization: Growth and Development Lab, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27448331$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ISSN 0891-4222
IngestDate Sat Sep 27 20:23:58 EDT 2025
Sat Sep 27 23:26:03 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 05:56:50 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:43:09 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 03:45:19 EST 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:21:51 EST 2024
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Issue NA
Keywords Obesity
Youths
Down syndrome
Overweight
Language English
License Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Snippet •Youth with DS were more likely to be overweight and obesity than youth without DS.•The obesity risk increased in children with DS after age 2 years.•Likely...
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general population of youth without DS. To review the prevalence of...
BACKGROUNDChildren with Down syndrome (DS) are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general population of youth without DS.AIMSTo review the...
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SubjectTerms Adolescent
Child
Diet
Down syndrome
Down Syndrome - epidemiology
Down Syndrome - metabolism
Down Syndrome - rehabilitation
Dyslipidemias - epidemiology
Energy Metabolism
Exercise
Exercise Therapy
Humans
Hyperinsulinism - epidemiology
Leptin - metabolism
Obesity
Obesity - epidemiology
Obesity - metabolism
Obesity - rehabilitation
Overweight
Overweight - epidemiology
Overweight - metabolism
Overweight - rehabilitation
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - epidemiology
Youths
Title Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome—prevalence, determinants, consequences, and interventions: A literature review
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.06.018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27448331
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1811291079
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1970269628
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