Analysis and design of a playout buffer for VBR streaming video

A critical component in the delivery of VBR streaming video over packet-based networks, is the playout buffer at the receiver side. As packets will incur a variable delay within the network, a mechanism is needed to dejitter the stream and assure that packets are played out at exactly the same rate...

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Published in:	Annals of operations research Vol. 162; no. 1; pp. 159 - 169
Main Authors:	Steyaert, B., Laevens, K., De Vleeschauwer, D., Bruneel, H.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Boston Springer US 01.09.2008 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Business and Management Combinatorics Operations Research/Decision Theory Streaming media Subscribers Theory of Computation Streaming media Dejittering Playout buffer Overflow Underflow
ISSN:	0254-5330, 1572-9338
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Abstract	A critical component in the delivery of VBR streaming video over packet-based networks, is the playout buffer at the receiver side. As packets will incur a variable delay within the network, a mechanism is needed to dejitter the stream and assure that packets are played out at exactly the same rate at which they were generated by the sender. Packet loss at the playout buffer can be induced by either underflow or overflow, and we first identify the general conditions under which these events occur. These general rules require some knowledge on the network delay characteristics of an arbitrary packet, and are then further developed and refined, by taking a closer look at the case where a single delay bottleneck exists within the network. This analysis allows us to derive useful design rules, where we consider two cases, depending on whether or not the receiver has knowledge about the delay the first packet of the stream has incurred. We conclude by demonstrating that the traditional playout paradigm can be enhanced to guard against large initial delays.
AbstractList	Issue Title: Special Issue on MCQT'06: Computational Methods and Applications in Queueing Theory, Guest Editor: Jesús R. Artalejo A critical component in the delivery of VBR streaming video over packet-based networks, is the playout buffer at the receiver side. As packets will incur a variable delay within the network, a mechanism is needed to dejitter the stream and assure that packets are played out at exactly the same rate at which they were generated by the sender. Packet loss at the playout buffer can be induced by either underflow or overflow, and we first identify the general conditions under which these events occur. These general rules require some knowledge on the network delay characteristics of an arbitrary packet, and are then further developed and refined, by taking a closer look at the case where a single delay bottleneck exists within the network. This analysis allows us to derive useful design rules, where we consider two cases, depending on whether or not the receiver has knowledge about the delay the first packet of the stream has incurred. We conclude by demonstrating that the traditional playout paradigm can be enhanced to guard against large initial delays. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] A critical component in the delivery of VBR streaming video over packet-based networks, is the playout buffer at the receiver side. As packets will incur a variable delay within the network, a mechanism is needed to dejitter the stream and assure that packets are played out at exactly the same rate at which they were generated by the sender. Packet loss at the playout buffer can be induced by either underflow or overflow, and we first identify the general conditions under which these events occur. These general rules require some knowledge on the network delay characteristics of an arbitrary packet, and are then further developed and refined, by taking a closer look at the case where a single delay bottleneck exists within the network. This analysis allows us to derive useful design rules, where we consider two cases, depending on whether or not the receiver has knowledge about the delay the first packet of the stream has incurred. We conclude by demonstrating that the traditional playout paradigm can be enhanced to guard against large initial delays.
Author	Steyaert, B. Bruneel, H. Laevens, K. De Vleeschauwer, D.
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References	LaoutarisN.StavrakakisI.Intrastream synchronization for continuous media streams: a survey of playout schedulersIEEE Network Magazine2002163304010.1109/MNET.2002.1002997 BruneelH.KimB. G.Discrete-time models for communication systems including ATM1993BostonKluwer Academic(ISBN:0-7923-9292-2) LakshmanT. V.OrtegaA.ReibmanA. R.Variable bit-rate (VBR) video: tradeoffs and potentialsProceedings of the IEEE199886595297310.1109/5.664282 Laoutaris, N., & Stavrakakis, I. (2001). Adaptive playout strategies for packet video receivers with finite buffer capacity. In: Proc. of IEEE international conference on communications (IEEE ICC), Helsinki, Finland. KalmanM.SteinbachE.GirodB.Adaptive media playout for low delay video streaming over error-prone channelsIEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology200414684185110.1109/TCSVT.2004.828335 Steyaert, B., Inghelbrecht, V., De Vleeschauwer, D., & Bruneel, H. (2005), Some results on a versatile queueing model with heterogeneous sources. In: Proceedings of the 5th St. Petersburg workshop on simulation, SIMULATION 2005 (pp. 665–670), St. Petersburg. IzquierdoM. R.ReevesD. S.A survey of statistical source models for variable-bit-rate compressed videoMultimedia Systems1993719921310.1007/s005300050122 YuangM. C.LiangS. T.ChenY. G.Dynamic video playout smoothing method for multimedia applicationsMultimedia Tools and Applications19986475910.1023/A:1009638628952 N. Laoutaris (322_CR6) 2002; 16 322_CR7 M. R. Izquierdo (322_CR2) 1993; 7 H. Bruneel (322_CR1) 1993 M. C. Yuang (322_CR8) 1998; 6 322_CR5 T. V. Lakshman (322_CR4) 1998; 86 M. Kalman (322_CR3) 2004; 14
References_xml	– reference: LakshmanT. V.OrtegaA.ReibmanA. R.Variable bit-rate (VBR) video: tradeoffs and potentialsProceedings of the IEEE199886595297310.1109/5.664282 – reference: LaoutarisN.StavrakakisI.Intrastream synchronization for continuous media streams: a survey of playout schedulersIEEE Network Magazine2002163304010.1109/MNET.2002.1002997 – reference: BruneelH.KimB. G.Discrete-time models for communication systems including ATM1993BostonKluwer Academic(ISBN:0-7923-9292-2) – reference: KalmanM.SteinbachE.GirodB.Adaptive media playout for low delay video streaming over error-prone channelsIEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology200414684185110.1109/TCSVT.2004.828335 – reference: YuangM. C.LiangS. T.ChenY. G.Dynamic video playout smoothing method for multimedia applicationsMultimedia Tools and Applications19986475910.1023/A:1009638628952 – reference: Laoutaris, N., & Stavrakakis, I. (2001). Adaptive playout strategies for packet video receivers with finite buffer capacity. In: Proc. of IEEE international conference on communications (IEEE ICC), Helsinki, Finland. – reference: IzquierdoM. R.ReevesD. S.A survey of statistical source models for variable-bit-rate compressed videoMultimedia Systems1993719921310.1007/s005300050122 – reference: Steyaert, B., Inghelbrecht, V., De Vleeschauwer, D., & Bruneel, H. (2005), Some results on a versatile queueing model with heterogeneous sources. In: Proceedings of the 5th St. Petersburg workshop on simulation, SIMULATION 2005 (pp. 665–670), St. Petersburg. – volume: 14 start-page: 841 issue: 6 year: 2004 ident: 322_CR3 publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology doi: 10.1109/TCSVT.2004.828335 – volume: 7 start-page: 199 year: 1993 ident: 322_CR2 publication-title: Multimedia Systems doi: 10.1007/s005300050122 – ident: 322_CR5 doi: 10.1109/ICC.2001.937381 – volume: 86 start-page: 952 issue: 5 year: 1998 ident: 322_CR4 publication-title: Proceedings of the IEEE doi: 10.1109/5.664282 – volume: 16 start-page: 30 issue: 3 year: 2002 ident: 322_CR6 publication-title: IEEE Network Magazine doi: 10.1109/MNET.2002.1002997 – ident: 322_CR7 – volume: 6 start-page: 47 year: 1998 ident: 322_CR8 publication-title: Multimedia Tools and Applications doi: 10.1023/A:1009638628952 – volume-title: Discrete-time models for communication systems including ATM year: 1993 ident: 322_CR1 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3130-2
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Snippet	A critical component in the delivery of VBR streaming video over packet-based networks, is the playout buffer at the receiver side. As packets will incur a... Issue Title: Special Issue on MCQT'06: Computational Methods and Applications in Queueing Theory, Guest Editor: Jesús R. Artalejo A critical component in the...
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Title	Analysis and design of a playout buffer for VBR streaming video
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