Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose crystals from cotton gin motes and cotton gin waste

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have attracted a great deal of attention as an environmentally-friendly biorenewable resource for use as reinforcing agents in nanocomposites, polymers, gels, and emulsions. CNCs are typically prepared from extracted cellulose or highly refined cellulose products. The ch...

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Vydané v:	Cellulose (London) Ročník 26; číslo 10; s. 5959 - 5979
Hlavní autori:	Jordan, Jacobs H., Easson, Michael W., Dien, Bruce, Thompson, Stephanie, Condon, Brian D.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.07.2019 Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	acid hydrolysis agroindustrial byproducts Aspect ratio atomic force microscopy Bioorganic Chemistry By products Byproducts Cellulose Cellulose fibers cellulosic fibers Ceramics Chemical treatment Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Colloid chemistry Composites Cotton cotton gin Cotton ginning Cotton gins cotton industry crystal structure Emulsion polymerization emulsions Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Functional groups Gels Glass Heat treatment Hydrolysis hydrophilicity moieties Morphology Nanocomposites Nanocrystals Natural Materials Organic Chemistry Original Research Physical Chemistry Physical properties Polymer Sciences polymers Pretreatment refining Substrates Sulfuric acid Sustainable Development Thermal stability Thermodynamic properties thermogravimetry wastes X ray photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray diffraction Bioproducts Nanocellulose Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) Cotton Agroindustrial waste Cellulose
ISSN:	0969-0239, 1572-882X
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have attracted a great deal of attention as an environmentally-friendly biorenewable resource for use as reinforcing agents in nanocomposites, polymers, gels, and emulsions. CNCs are typically prepared from extracted cellulose or highly refined cellulose products. The chemical refining process can alter the chemical and physical properties of the cellulose fibers prior to extraction of CNCs. Moreover, the method of isolation can also insert various functional groups onto the nanocellulose, affecting thermal stability and imparting different physical properties. Herein, two byproducts of the cotton industry, cotton gin motes and cotton gin waste, are investigated for the preparation of nanocelluloses. Cellulose was purified from these two post-process agroindustrial by-products and CNCs subsequently produced by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Additionally, two acid hydrolysis methods were utilized to successfully extract CNCs from gin motes without chemical pretreatment. CNCs were obtained with diameters < 10 nm and lengths of ca. 100–300 nm resulting in high aspect ratios (12–33). Incorporating CNCs with these dimensions impart increased hydrophilicity to a substrate. The effect of post-extraction chemical treatments on crystallinity and morphology are discussed. The extracted nanocellulose derivatives were additionally characterized by FTIR, AFM, TGA, DLS, XRD and XPS. Differences in extraction method and chemical treatment resulted in different thermal properties and colloidal stability. Furthermore, this work provides a means of producing a high value commodity from inexpensive source materials such as cotton gin motes and cotton gin waste.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	0969-0239 1572-882X
DOI:	10.1007/s10570-019-02533-7