The Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rat Lines Differ in the Acquisition, Maintenance, Extinction, and Reinstatement of Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration

The selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for, respectively, rapid vs extremely poor acquisition of avoidant behavior in a shuttlebox has produced two phenotypes that differ in temperament traits, in mesocortical/mesolimbic dopamine system function, and in the behavior...

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Published in:	Neuropsychopharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 34; no. 5; pp. 1091 - 1101
Main Authors:	Fattore, Liana, Piras, Giovanna, Corda, Maria G, Giorgi, Osvaldo
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Cham Springer International Publishing 01.04.2009 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	Abstinence Addictions Addictive behaviors Analysis of Variance Animals Behavior Behavior, Addictive Behavioral Sciences Biological Psychology Central Nervous System Stimulants - administration & dosage Cocaine Cocaine - administration & dosage Cocaine-Related Disorders - physiopathology Cocaine-Related Disorders - psychology Conditioning, Operant Dopamine Drug use Extinction, Psychological Impulsivity Injections, Intravenous Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Neurosciences original-article Pharmacotherapy Phenotype Psychiatry Rats Rats, Inbred Strains Self Administration Substance Abuse, Intravenous - physiopathology Toxicology Italy cocaine self-administration genetic selection roman high- and low-avoidance rats mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems extinction and reinstatement
ISSN:	0893-133X, 1740-634X, 1740-634X
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Abstract	The selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for, respectively, rapid vs extremely poor acquisition of avoidant behavior in a shuttlebox has produced two phenotypes that differ in temperament traits, in mesocortical/mesolimbic dopamine system function, and in the behavioral and neurochemical responses to the acute and repeated administration of psychostimulants and opiates. The phenotypic traits of the RHA line predict higher susceptibility, compared with RLA rats, to the reinforcing properties of addictive substances like cocaine. The present study was designed to compare the acquisition, maintenance, reinstatement of drug-seeking after long-term extinction, and reacquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration (SA) behavior in the Roman lines. Compared with RLA rats, the rates of responding during cocaine SA acquisition were higher, extinction from cocaine SA was prolonged, and drug-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior was more robust in RHA rats. Moreover, only RHA rats reacquired extinguished lever-pressing activity when a low reinforcing dose of cocaine was available. These findings are consistent with the view that subjects with genetically determined high responsiveness to the acute and chronic (ie, sensitizing) effects of psychostimulants, such as RHA rats, also display a higher propensity to self -administer cocaine. Further comparative studies in the Roman lines, using SA paradigms that distinguish mere drug-taking from the compulsive and uncontrolled drug use that characterizes addiction in humans, may eventually help to characterize the relationships among genotype, temperament traits, and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the individual vulnerability to cocaine addiction.
AbstractList	The selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for, respectively, rapid vs extremely poor acquisition of avoidant behavior in a shuttlebox has produced two phenotypes that differ in temperament traits, in mesocortical/mesolimbic dopamine system function, and in the behavioral and neurochemical responses to the acute and repeated administration of psychostimulants and opiates. The phenotypic traits of the RHA line predict higher susceptibility, compared with RLA rats, to the reinforcing properties of addictive substances like cocaine. The present study was designed to compare the acquisition, maintenance, reinstatement of drug-seeking after long-term extinction, and reacquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration (SA) behavior in the Roman lines. Compared with RLA rats, the rates of responding during cocaine SA acquisition were higher, extinction from cocaine SA was prolonged, and drug-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior was more robust in RHA rats. Moreover, only RHA rats reacquired extinguished lever-pressing activity when a low reinforcing dose of cocaine was available. These findings are consistent with the view that subjects with genetically determined high responsiveness to the acute and chronic (ie, sensitizing) effects of psychostimulants, such as RHA rats, also display a higher propensity to self -administer cocaine. Further comparative studies in the Roman lines, using SA paradigms that distinguish mere drug-taking from the compulsive and uncontrolled drug use that characterizes addiction in humans, may eventually help to characterize the relationships among genotype, temperament traits, and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the individual vulnerability to cocaine addiction. The selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for, respectively, rapid vs extremely poor acquisition of avoidant behavior in a shuttlebox has produced two phenotypes that differ in temperament traits, in mesocortical/mesolimbic dopamine system function, and in the behavioral and neurochemical responses to the acute and repeated administration of psychostimulants and opiates. The phenotypic traits of the RHA line predict higher susceptibility, compared with RLA rats, to the reinforcing properties of addictive substances like cocaine. The present study was designed to compare the acquisition, maintenance, reinstatement of drug-seeking after long-term extinction, and reacquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration (SA) behavior in the Roman lines. Compared with RLA rats, the rates of responding during cocaine SA acquisition were higher, extinction from cocaine SA was prolonged, and drug-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior was more robust in RHA rats. Moreover, only RHA rats reacquired extinguished lever-pressing activity when a low reinforcing dose of cocaine was available. These findings are consistent with the view that subjects with genetically determined high responsiveness to the acute and chronic (ie, sensitizing) effects of psychostimulants, such as RHA rats, also display a higher propensity to self -administer cocaine. Further comparative studies in the Roman lines, using SA paradigms that distinguish mere drug-taking from the compulsive and uncontrolled drug use that characterizes addiction in humans, may eventually help to characterize the relationships among genotype, temperament traits, and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the individual vulnerability to cocaine addiction.The selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for, respectively, rapid vs extremely poor acquisition of avoidant behavior in a shuttlebox has produced two phenotypes that differ in temperament traits, in mesocortical/mesolimbic dopamine system function, and in the behavioral and neurochemical responses to the acute and repeated administration of psychostimulants and opiates. The phenotypic traits of the RHA line predict higher susceptibility, compared with RLA rats, to the reinforcing properties of addictive substances like cocaine. The present study was designed to compare the acquisition, maintenance, reinstatement of drug-seeking after long-term extinction, and reacquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration (SA) behavior in the Roman lines. Compared with RLA rats, the rates of responding during cocaine SA acquisition were higher, extinction from cocaine SA was prolonged, and drug-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior was more robust in RHA rats. Moreover, only RHA rats reacquired extinguished lever-pressing activity when a low reinforcing dose of cocaine was available. These findings are consistent with the view that subjects with genetically determined high responsiveness to the acute and chronic (ie, sensitizing) effects of psychostimulants, such as RHA rats, also display a higher propensity to self -administer cocaine. Further comparative studies in the Roman lines, using SA paradigms that distinguish mere drug-taking from the compulsive and uncontrolled drug use that characterizes addiction in humans, may eventually help to characterize the relationships among genotype, temperament traits, and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the individual vulnerability to cocaine addiction. The selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for, respectively, rapid vs extremely poor acquisition of avoidant behavior in a shuttlebox has produced two phenotypes that differ in temperament traits, in mesocortical/mesolimbic dopamine system function, and in the behavioral and neurochemical responses to the acute and repeated administration of psychostimulants and opiates. The phenotypic traits of the RHA line predict higher susceptibility, compared with RLA rats, to the reinforcing properties of addictive substances like cocaine. The present study was designed to compare the acquisition, maintenance, reinstatement of drug-seeking after long-term extinction, and reacquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration (SA) behavior in the Roman lines. Compared with RLA rats, the rates of responding during cocaine SA acquisition were higher, extinction from cocaine SA was prolonged, and drug-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior was more robust in RHA rats. Moreover, only RHA rats reacquired extinguished lever-pressing activity when a low reinforcing dose of cocaine was available. These findings are consistent with the view that subjects with genetically determined high responsiveness to the acute and chronic (ie, sensitizing) effects of psychostimulants, such as RHA rats, also display a higher propensity to self -administer cocaine. Further comparative studies in the Roman lines, using SA paradigms that distinguish mere drug-taking from the compulsive and uncontrolled drug use that characterizes addiction in humans, may eventually help to characterize the relationships among genotype, temperament traits, and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the individual vulnerability to cocaine addiction.
Author	Corda, Maria G Giorgi, Osvaldo Piras, Giovanna Fattore, Liana
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Liana surname: Fattore fullname: Fattore, Liana organization: Institute of Neuroscience CNR, Section of Cagliari – sequence: 2 givenname: Giovanna surname: Piras fullname: Piras, Giovanna organization: Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari – sequence: 3 givenname: Maria G surname: Corda fullname: Corda, Maria G organization: Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari – sequence: 4 givenname: Osvaldo surname: Giorgi fullname: Giorgi, Osvaldo email: giorgi@unica.it organization: Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari
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Snippet	The selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for, respectively, rapid vs extremely poor acquisition of avoidant behavior in a... The selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for, respectively, rapid vs extremely poor acquisition of avoidant behavior in a...
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SubjectTerms	Abstinence Addictions Addictive behaviors Analysis of Variance Animals Behavior Behavior, Addictive Behavioral Sciences Biological Psychology Central Nervous System Stimulants - administration & dosage Cocaine Cocaine - administration & dosage Cocaine-Related Disorders - physiopathology Cocaine-Related Disorders - psychology Conditioning, Operant Dopamine Drug use Extinction, Psychological Impulsivity Injections, Intravenous Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Neurosciences original-article Pharmacotherapy Phenotype Psychiatry Rats Rats, Inbred Strains Self Administration Substance Abuse, Intravenous - physiopathology Toxicology
Title	The Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rat Lines Differ in the Acquisition, Maintenance, Extinction, and Reinstatement of Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration
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