The effects of pore widening and calcination on anodized aluminum oxide prepared from Al6082
In this study, semi-organized anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) is prepared by two-step anodization in oxalic acid using a low-purity aluminum (Al) alloy (Al6082) as the source material. Obtaining ideally ordered AAO layers from Al alloys is confounded by the presence of impurities and requires speciali...
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| Vydáno v: | Surface & coatings technology Ročník 383; s. 125234 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
Lausanne
Elsevier B.V
15.02.2020
Elsevier BV |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0257-8972, 1879-3347 |
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| Abstract | In this study, semi-organized anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) is prepared by two-step anodization in oxalic acid using a low-purity aluminum (Al) alloy (Al6082) as the source material. Obtaining ideally ordered AAO layers from Al alloys is confounded by the presence of impurities and requires specialized post-anodization treatment. Here, a process is proposed for obtaining an AAO layer with a semi-ordered pore arrangement by means of calcination and pore-widening procedures. Calcination temperatures of 400–600 °C and pore–widening times of 15–120 min were explored. It was found that calcination improved the pore order of AAO layers from disordered to semi-ordered (defined as being near ideally ordered—one pore surrounded by six neighboring pores). In addition, it was found that calcination at 600 °C resulted in suitable pore widening of the AAO layer. The morphology of the AAO layers was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, which was applied to determine pore diameter, inter-pore distance, pore density, and AAO layer thickness. We found that calcinated and pore-widened AAO layers with pore diameters of 48.7 nm, inter-pore distances of 80.6 nm, and pore densities of 178 pores/μm2 could be prepared. The AAO preparation method proposed here is an economically attractive process suitable for the preparation of AAO layers due to the utilization of an inexpensive Al source.
•AAO layer preparation from low cost Al sources is economically attractive.•Non-Al elements present in Al alloys perplexes AAO layer preparation.•Pore arrangement of AAO layers prepared from Al alloys is generally disordered.•AAO layer calcination and pore widening improves pore arrangement. |
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| AbstractList | In this study, semi-organized anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) is prepared by two-step anodization in oxalic acid using a low-purity aluminum (Al) alloy (Al6082) as the source material. Obtaining ideally ordered AAO layers from Al alloys is confounded by the presence of impurities and requires specialized post-anodization treatment. Here, a process is proposed for obtaining an AAO layer with a semi-ordered pore arrangement by means of calcination and pore-widening procedures. Calcination temperatures of 400–600 °C and pore–widening times of 15–120 min were explored. It was found that calcination improved the pore order of AAO layers from disordered to semi-ordered (defined as being near ideally ordered-one pore surrounded by six neighboring pores). In addition, it was found that calcination at 600 °C resulted in suitable pore widening of the AAO layer. The morphology of the AAO layers was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, which was applied to determine pore diameter, inter-pore distance, pore density, and AAO layer thickness. We found that calcinated and pore-widened AAO layers with pore diameters of 48.7 nm, inter-pore distances of 80.6 nm, and pore densities of 178 pores/μm2 could be prepared. The AAO preparation method proposed here is an economically attractive process suitable for the preparation of AAO layers due to the utilization of an inexpensive Al source. In this study, semi-organized anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) is prepared by two-step anodization in oxalic acid using a low-purity aluminum (Al) alloy (Al6082) as the source material. Obtaining ideally ordered AAO layers from Al alloys is confounded by the presence of impurities and requires specialized post-anodization treatment. Here, a process is proposed for obtaining an AAO layer with a semi-ordered pore arrangement by means of calcination and pore-widening procedures. Calcination temperatures of 400–600 °C and pore–widening times of 15–120 min were explored. It was found that calcination improved the pore order of AAO layers from disordered to semi-ordered (defined as being near ideally ordered—one pore surrounded by six neighboring pores). In addition, it was found that calcination at 600 °C resulted in suitable pore widening of the AAO layer. The morphology of the AAO layers was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, which was applied to determine pore diameter, inter-pore distance, pore density, and AAO layer thickness. We found that calcinated and pore-widened AAO layers with pore diameters of 48.7 nm, inter-pore distances of 80.6 nm, and pore densities of 178 pores/μm2 could be prepared. The AAO preparation method proposed here is an economically attractive process suitable for the preparation of AAO layers due to the utilization of an inexpensive Al source. •AAO layer preparation from low cost Al sources is economically attractive.•Non-Al elements present in Al alloys perplexes AAO layer preparation.•Pore arrangement of AAO layers prepared from Al alloys is generally disordered.•AAO layer calcination and pore widening improves pore arrangement. |
| ArticleNumber | 125234 |
| Author | du Preez, S.P. Bessarabov, D.G. Kozhukhova, A.E. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: A.E. surname: Kozhukhova fullname: Kozhukhova, A.E. – sequence: 2 givenname: S.P. surname: du Preez fullname: du Preez, S.P. email: Faan.duPreez@nwu.ac.za – sequence: 3 givenname: D.G. surname: Bessarabov fullname: Bessarabov, D.G. email: Dmitri.Bessarabov@nwu.ac.za |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_4c22543 crossref_primary_10_3390_nano12030444 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2023_170464 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_electacta_2024_144380 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surfcoat_2021_127674 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2022_01_246 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surfcoat_2020_126483 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nucengdes_2024_113481 crossref_primary_10_3390_catal11040491 |
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| SubjectTerms | Al6082 Aluminum Aluminum base alloys Aluminum oxide Anodized aluminum Anodizing Calcination Diameters Morphology Oxalic acid Pore–widening Roasting Thickness Widening |
| Title | The effects of pore widening and calcination on anodized aluminum oxide prepared from Al6082 |
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