Type 2 immunity in the skin and lungs

There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and lungs during the last few years. Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are typical diseases of type 2 immune responses. interleukin (IL)‐25,...

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Vydáno v:Allergy (Copenhagen) Ročník 75; číslo 7; s. 1582 - 1605
Hlavní autoři: Akdis, Cezmi A., Arkwright, Peter D., Brüggen, Marie-Charlotte, Busse, William, Gadina, Massimo, Guttman‐Yassky, Emma, Kabashima, Kenji, Mitamura, Yasutaka, Vian, Laura, Wu, Jianni, Palomares, Oscar
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2020
Témata:
ISSN:0105-4538, 1398-9995, 1398-9995
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Abstract There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and lungs during the last few years. Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are typical diseases of type 2 immune responses. interleukin (IL)‐25, IL‐33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are essential cytokines of epithelial cells that are activated by allergens, pollutants, viruses, bacteria, and toxins that derive type 2 responses. Th2 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) produce and secrete type 2 cytokines such as IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, and IL‐13. IL‐4 and IL‐13 activate B cells to class‐switch to IgE and also play a role in T‐cell and eosinophil migration to allergic inflammatory tissues. IL‐13 contributes to maturation, activation, nitric oxide production and differentiation of epithelia, production of mucus as well as smooth muscle contraction, and extracellular matrix generation. IL‐4 and IL‐13 open tight junction barrier and cause barrier leakiness in the skin and lungs. IL‐5 acts on activation, recruitment, and survival of eosinophils. IL‐9 contributes to general allergic phenotype by enhancing all of the aspects, such as IgE and eosinophilia. Type 2 ILC contribute to inflammation in AD and asthma by enhancing the activity of Th2 cells, eosinophils, and their cytokines. Currently, five biologics are licensed to suppress type 2 inflammation via IgE, IL‐5 and its receptor, and IL‐4 receptor alpha. Some patients with severe atopic disease have little evidence of type 2 hyperactivity and do not respond to biologics which target this pathway. Studies in responder and nonresponder patients demonstrate the complexity of these diseases. In addition, primary immune deficiency diseases related to T‐cell maturation, regulatory T‐cell development, and T‐cell signaling, such as Omenn syndrome, severe combined immune deficiencies, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X‐linked syndrome, and DOCK8, STAT3, and CARD11 deficiencies, help in our understanding of the importance and redundancy of various type 2 immune components. The present review aims to highlight recent advances in type 2 immunity and discuss the cellular sources, targets, and roles of type 2 mechanisms in asthma and AD.
AbstractList There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and lungs during the last few years. Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are typical diseases of type 2 immune responses. interleukin (IL)‐25, IL‐33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are essential cytokines of epithelial cells that are activated by allergens, pollutants, viruses, bacteria, and toxins that derive type 2 responses. Th2 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) produce and secrete type 2 cytokines such as IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, and IL‐13. IL‐4 and IL‐13 activate B cells to class‐switch to IgE and also play a role in T‐cell and eosinophil migration to allergic inflammatory tissues. IL‐13 contributes to maturation, activation, nitric oxide production and differentiation of epithelia, production of mucus as well as smooth muscle contraction, and extracellular matrix generation. IL‐4 and IL‐13 open tight junction barrier and cause barrier leakiness in the skin and lungs. IL‐5 acts on activation, recruitment, and survival of eosinophils. IL‐9 contributes to general allergic phenotype by enhancing all of the aspects, such as IgE and eosinophilia. Type 2 ILC contribute to inflammation in AD and asthma by enhancing the activity of Th2 cells, eosinophils, and their cytokines. Currently, five biologics are licensed to suppress type 2 inflammation via IgE, IL‐5 and its receptor, and IL‐4 receptor alpha. Some patients with severe atopic disease have little evidence of type 2 hyperactivity and do not respond to biologics which target this pathway. Studies in responder and nonresponder patients demonstrate the complexity of these diseases. In addition, primary immune deficiency diseases related to T‐cell maturation, regulatory T‐cell development, and T‐cell signaling, such as Omenn syndrome, severe combined immune deficiencies, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X‐linked syndrome, and DOCK8, STAT3, and CARD11 deficiencies, help in our understanding of the importance and redundancy of various type 2 immune components. The present review aims to highlight recent advances in type 2 immunity and discuss the cellular sources, targets, and roles of type 2 mechanisms in asthma and AD.
There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and lungs during the last few years. Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are typical diseases of type 2 immune responses. interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are essential cytokines of epithelial cells that are activated by allergens, pollutants, viruses, bacteria, and toxins that derive type 2 responses. Th2 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) produce and secrete type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. IL-4 and IL-13 activate B cells to class-switch to IgE and also play a role in T-cell and eosinophil migration to allergic inflammatory tissues. IL-13 contributes to maturation, activation, nitric oxide production and differentiation of epithelia, production of mucus as well as smooth muscle contraction, and extracellular matrix generation. IL-4 and IL-13 open tight junction barrier and cause barrier leakiness in the skin and lungs. IL-5 acts on activation, recruitment, and survival of eosinophils. IL-9 contributes to general allergic phenotype by enhancing all of the aspects, such as IgE and eosinophilia. Type 2 ILC contribute to inflammation in AD and asthma by enhancing the activity of Th2 cells, eosinophils, and their cytokines. Currently, five biologics are licensed to suppress type 2 inflammation via IgE, IL-5 and its receptor, and IL-4 receptor alpha. Some patients with severe atopic disease have little evidence of type 2 hyperactivity and do not respond to biologics which target this pathway. Studies in responder and nonresponder patients demonstrate the complexity of these diseases. In addition, primary immune deficiency diseases related to T-cell maturation, regulatory T-cell development, and T-cell signaling, such as Omenn syndrome, severe combined immune deficiencies, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome, and DOCK8, STAT3, and CARD11 deficiencies, help in our understanding of the importance and redundancy of various type 2 immune components. The present review aims to highlight recent advances in type 2 immunity and discuss the cellular sources, targets, and roles of type 2 mechanisms in asthma and AD.There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and lungs during the last few years. Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are typical diseases of type 2 immune responses. interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are essential cytokines of epithelial cells that are activated by allergens, pollutants, viruses, bacteria, and toxins that derive type 2 responses. Th2 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) produce and secrete type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. IL-4 and IL-13 activate B cells to class-switch to IgE and also play a role in T-cell and eosinophil migration to allergic inflammatory tissues. IL-13 contributes to maturation, activation, nitric oxide production and differentiation of epithelia, production of mucus as well as smooth muscle contraction, and extracellular matrix generation. IL-4 and IL-13 open tight junction barrier and cause barrier leakiness in the skin and lungs. IL-5 acts on activation, recruitment, and survival of eosinophils. IL-9 contributes to general allergic phenotype by enhancing all of the aspects, such as IgE and eosinophilia. Type 2 ILC contribute to inflammation in AD and asthma by enhancing the activity of Th2 cells, eosinophils, and their cytokines. Currently, five biologics are licensed to suppress type 2 inflammation via IgE, IL-5 and its receptor, and IL-4 receptor alpha. Some patients with severe atopic disease have little evidence of type 2 hyperactivity and do not respond to biologics which target this pathway. Studies in responder and nonresponder patients demonstrate the complexity of these diseases. In addition, primary immune deficiency diseases related to T-cell maturation, regulatory T-cell development, and T-cell signaling, such as Omenn syndrome, severe combined immune deficiencies, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome, and DOCK8, STAT3, and CARD11 deficiencies, help in our understanding of the importance and redundancy of various type 2 immune components. The present review aims to highlight recent advances in type 2 immunity and discuss the cellular sources, targets, and roles of type 2 mechanisms in asthma and AD.
Author Akdis, Cezmi A.
Gadina, Massimo
Mitamura, Yasutaka
Guttman‐Yassky, Emma
Busse, William
Vian, Laura
Kabashima, Kenji
Palomares, Oscar
Wu, Jianni
Brüggen, Marie-Charlotte
Arkwright, Peter D.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Cezmi A.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8020-019X
  surname: Akdis
  fullname: Akdis, Cezmi A.
  email: akdisac@siaf.uzh.ch
  organization: Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Peter D.
  surname: Arkwright
  fullname: Arkwright, Peter D.
  organization: University of Manchester
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Marie-Charlotte
  surname: Brüggen
  fullname: Brüggen, Marie-Charlotte
  organization: University Zurich
– sequence: 4
  givenname: William
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2591-4696
  surname: Busse
  fullname: Busse, William
  organization: University of Wisconsin
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Massimo
  surname: Gadina
  fullname: Gadina, Massimo
  organization: NIH
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Emma
  surname: Guttman‐Yassky
  fullname: Guttman‐Yassky, Emma
  organization: The Rockefeller University
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Kenji
  surname: Kabashima
  fullname: Kabashima, Kenji
  organization: Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS)
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Yasutaka
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6389-9285
  surname: Mitamura
  fullname: Mitamura, Yasutaka
  organization: University of Zurich
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Laura
  surname: Vian
  fullname: Vian, Laura
  organization: NIH
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Jianni
  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Jianni
  organization: The Rockefeller University
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Oscar
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4516-0369
  surname: Palomares
  fullname: Palomares, Oscar
  organization: Complutense University of Madrid
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32319104$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords ILC2
atopic dermatitis
asthma
biologics
type 2 immunity
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This study was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Grant Number: 32030_176190.
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PublicationTitle Allergy (Copenhagen)
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Snippet There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin...
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StartPage 1582
SubjectTerms Allergens
Allergic diseases
Asthma
Atopic dermatitis
biologics
Cell migration
Cytokines
Eczema
Eosinophilia
Epithelial cells
Extracellular matrix
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
Helper cells
Humans
Hyperactivity
Hypersensitivity
ILC2
Immunity
Immunity, Innate
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoregulation
Inflammation
Leukocytes (eosinophilic)
Lung
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
Lymphoid cells
Molecular modelling
Muscle contraction
Phenotypes
Pollutants
Skin diseases
Smooth muscle
Th2 Cells
Thymus
type 2 immunity
Title Type 2 immunity in the skin and lungs
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fall.14318
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32319104
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/2393575272
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