The role of vitamin D in periodontal health and disease

Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti‐inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that low serum vitamin D is associated with increased severity of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by destruction of th...

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Published in:	Journal of periodontal research Vol. 58; no. 2; pp. 213 - 224
Main Author:	Lu, Emily Ming‐Chieh
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.04.2023
Subjects:	25-Hydroxyvitamin D Alveolar bone alveolar bone loss anti‐inflammatory anti‐microbial Bone loss Bone turnover Calcitriol Calcium metabolism Disease Gene deletion Gene polymorphism Gum disease host‐modulatory Humans Immunoregulation Inflammation Pathogenesis periodontal disease Periodontal Diseases Periodontitis Risk factors Teeth tooth loss Vitamin D Vitamin D receptors Vitamins alveolar bone loss Vitamin D calcitriol anti-inflammatory host-modulatory tooth loss anti-microbial periodontal disease
ISSN:	0022-3484, 1600-0765, 1600-0765
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Abstract	Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti‐inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that low serum vitamin D is associated with increased severity of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by destruction of the supporting tissues surrounding the tooth, which has several shared risk factors with other chronic non‐communicable diseases. The biological functions of vitamin D are mediated by its strong anti‐microbial, anti‐inflammatory, and host modulatory properties. Experimental periodontitis models involving targeted deletion of 1α‐hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of inactive substrate to active 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol), showed augmented alveolar bone loss and gingival inflammation. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have also been associated with increased severity of periodontitis. Thus, the involvement of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is biological plausible. Clinical studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum 25OHD3 and periodontal disease inflammation. However, due to the paucity of well‐designed longitudinal studies, there is less support for the impact of vitamin D status on periodontal disease progression and tooth loss. The evidence emphasises the importance of maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in supporting periodontal health. This review aims to first examine the biological mechanisms by which vitamin D might influence the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and second, discuss the clinical evidence which implicate the role of vitamin D in periodontal disease.
AbstractList	Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti‐inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that low serum vitamin D is associated with increased severity of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by destruction of the supporting tissues surrounding the tooth, which has several shared risk factors with other chronic non‐communicable diseases. The biological functions of vitamin D are mediated by its strong anti‐microbial, anti‐inflammatory, and host modulatory properties. Experimental periodontitis models involving targeted deletion of 1α‐hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of inactive substrate to active 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol), showed augmented alveolar bone loss and gingival inflammation. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have also been associated with increased severity of periodontitis. Thus, the involvement of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is biological plausible. Clinical studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum 25OHD3 and periodontal disease inflammation. However, due to the paucity of well‐designed longitudinal studies, there is less support for the impact of vitamin D status on periodontal disease progression and tooth loss. The evidence emphasises the importance of maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in supporting periodontal health. This review aims to first examine the biological mechanisms by which vitamin D might influence the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and second, discuss the clinical evidence which implicate the role of vitamin D in periodontal disease. Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti‐inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that low serum vitamin D is associated with increased severity of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by destruction of the supporting tissues surrounding the tooth, which has several shared risk factors with other chronic non‐communicable diseases. The biological functions of vitamin D are mediated by its strong anti‐microbial, anti‐inflammatory, and host modulatory properties. Experimental periodontitis models involving targeted deletion of 1α‐hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of inactive substrate to active 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 (calcitriol), showed augmented alveolar bone loss and gingival inflammation. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have also been associated with increased severity of periodontitis. Thus, the involvement of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is biological plausible. Clinical studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum 25OHD 3 and periodontal disease inflammation. However, due to the paucity of well‐designed longitudinal studies, there is less support for the impact of vitamin D status on periodontal disease progression and tooth loss. The evidence emphasises the importance of maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in supporting periodontal health. This review aims to first examine the biological mechanisms by which vitamin D might influence the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and second, discuss the clinical evidence which implicate the role of vitamin D in periodontal disease. Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that low serum vitamin D is associated with increased severity of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by destruction of the supporting tissues surrounding the tooth, which has several shared risk factors with other chronic non-communicable diseases. The biological functions of vitamin D are mediated by its strong anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and host modulatory properties. Experimental periodontitis models involving targeted deletion of 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of inactive substrate to active 1,25(OH) D (calcitriol), showed augmented alveolar bone loss and gingival inflammation. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have also been associated with increased severity of periodontitis. Thus, the involvement of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is biological plausible. Clinical studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum 25OHD and periodontal disease inflammation. However, due to the paucity of well-designed longitudinal studies, there is less support for the impact of vitamin D status on periodontal disease progression and tooth loss. The evidence emphasises the importance of maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in supporting periodontal health. This review aims to first examine the biological mechanisms by which vitamin D might influence the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and second, discuss the clinical evidence which implicate the role of vitamin D in periodontal disease. Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that low serum vitamin D is associated with increased severity of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by destruction of the supporting tissues surrounding the tooth, which has several shared risk factors with other chronic non-communicable diseases. The biological functions of vitamin D are mediated by its strong anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and host modulatory properties. Experimental periodontitis models involving targeted deletion of 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of inactive substrate to active 1,25(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol), showed augmented alveolar bone loss and gingival inflammation. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have also been associated with increased severity of periodontitis. Thus, the involvement of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is biological plausible. Clinical studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum 25OHD3 and periodontal disease inflammation. However, due to the paucity of well-designed longitudinal studies, there is less support for the impact of vitamin D status on periodontal disease progression and tooth loss. The evidence emphasises the importance of maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in supporting periodontal health. This review aims to first examine the biological mechanisms by which vitamin D might influence the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and second, discuss the clinical evidence which implicate the role of vitamin D in periodontal disease.Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that low serum vitamin D is associated with increased severity of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by destruction of the supporting tissues surrounding the tooth, which has several shared risk factors with other chronic non-communicable diseases. The biological functions of vitamin D are mediated by its strong anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and host modulatory properties. Experimental periodontitis models involving targeted deletion of 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of inactive substrate to active 1,25(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol), showed augmented alveolar bone loss and gingival inflammation. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have also been associated with increased severity of periodontitis. Thus, the involvement of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is biological plausible. Clinical studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum 25OHD3 and periodontal disease inflammation. However, due to the paucity of well-designed longitudinal studies, there is less support for the impact of vitamin D status on periodontal disease progression and tooth loss. The evidence emphasises the importance of maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in supporting periodontal health. This review aims to first examine the biological mechanisms by which vitamin D might influence the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and second, discuss the clinical evidence which implicate the role of vitamin D in periodontal disease.
Author	Lu, Emily Ming‐Chieh
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Copyright	2022 The Author. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2022 The Author. Journal of Periodontal Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2022. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Keywords	alveolar bone loss Vitamin D calcitriol anti-inflammatory host-modulatory tooth loss anti-microbial periodontal disease
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Snippet	Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti‐inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that... Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that...
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SubjectTerms	25-Hydroxyvitamin D Alveolar bone alveolar bone loss anti‐inflammatory anti‐microbial Bone loss Bone turnover Calcitriol Calcium metabolism Disease Gene deletion Gene polymorphism Gum disease host‐modulatory Humans Immunoregulation Inflammation Pathogenesis periodontal disease Periodontal Diseases Periodontitis Risk factors Teeth tooth loss Vitamin D Vitamin D receptors Vitamins
Title	The role of vitamin D in periodontal health and disease
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