An Adaptive Overcurrent Protection Method for Distribution Networks Based on Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm

With the large-scale integration of renewable energy into distribution networks, traditional fixed-setting overcurrent protection strategies struggle to adapt to rapid fluctuations in renewable energy (e.g., wind and photovoltaic) output. Optimizing current settings is crucial for enhancing the stab...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:
Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:Algorithms Ročník 18; číslo 8; s. 472
Hlavní autoři: Xu, Biao, Ouyang, Fan, Li, Yangyang, Yu, Kun, Ao, Fei, Li, Hui, Tan, Liming
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2025
Témata:
adaptive current protection
Algorithms
Alternative energy sources
Communication
distribution network
Elitism
Energy distribution
Energy resources
Energy storage
Genetic algorithms
Mathematical optimization
Methods
multi-objective optimization
Multiple objective analysis
Networks
NSGA-II algorithm
Optimization algorithms
Overcurrent
Pareto optimization
Pareto optimum
Real time
Redundancy
Renewable energy
renewable energy-integrated distribution network
Renewable resources
Wind power
ISSN:1999-4893, 1999-4893
On-line přístup:Získat plný text
Tagy: Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
Abstract With the large-scale integration of renewable energy into distribution networks, traditional fixed-setting overcurrent protection strategies struggle to adapt to rapid fluctuations in renewable energy (e.g., wind and photovoltaic) output. Optimizing current settings is crucial for enhancing the stability of modern distribution networks. This paper proposes an adaptive overcurrent protection method based on an improved NSGA-II algorithm. By dynamically detecting renewable power fluctuations and generating adaptive solutions, the method enables the online optimization of protection parameters, effectively reducing misoperation rates, shortening operation times, and significantly improving the reliability and resilience of distribution networks. Using the rate of renewable power variation as the core criterion, renewable power changes are categorized into abrupt and gradual scenarios. Depending on the scenario, either a random solution injection strategy (DNSGA-II-A) or a Gaussian mutation strategy (DNSGA-II-B) is dynamically applied to adjust overcurrent protection settings and time delays, ensuring real-time alignment with grid conditions. Hard constraints such as sensitivity, selectivity, and misoperation rate are embedded to guarantee compliance with relay protection standards. Additionally, the convergence of the Pareto front change rate serves as the termination condition, reducing computational redundancy and avoiding local optima. Simulation tests on a 10 kV distribution network integrated with a wind farm validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
AbstractList With the large-scale integration of renewable energy into distribution networks, traditional fixed-setting overcurrent protection strategies struggle to adapt to rapid fluctuations in renewable energy (e.g., wind and photovoltaic) output. Optimizing current settings is crucial for enhancing the stability of modern distribution networks. This paper proposes an adaptive overcurrent protection method based on an improved NSGA-II algorithm. By dynamically detecting renewable power fluctuations and generating adaptive solutions, the method enables the online optimization of protection parameters, effectively reducing misoperation rates, shortening operation times, and significantly improving the reliability and resilience of distribution networks. Using the rate of renewable power variation as the core criterion, renewable power changes are categorized into abrupt and gradual scenarios. Depending on the scenario, either a random solution injection strategy (DNSGA-II-A) or a Gaussian mutation strategy (DNSGA-II-B) is dynamically applied to adjust overcurrent protection settings and time delays, ensuring real-time alignment with grid conditions. Hard constraints such as sensitivity, selectivity, and misoperation rate are embedded to guarantee compliance with relay protection standards. Additionally, the convergence of the Pareto front change rate serves as the termination condition, reducing computational redundancy and avoiding local optima. Simulation tests on a 10 kV distribution network integrated with a wind farm validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Audience Academic
Author Ouyang, Fan
Ao, Fei
Li, Yangyang
Yu, Kun
Li, Hui
Tan, Liming
Xu, Biao
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Biao
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Biao
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Fan
  surname: Ouyang
  fullname: Ouyang, Fan
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Yangyang
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Yangyang
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Kun
  surname: Yu
  fullname: Yu, Kun
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Fei
  surname: Ao
  fullname: Ao, Fei
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Hui
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Hui
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Liming
  surname: Tan
  fullname: Tan, Liming
BookMark eNptkUtv1DAUha2qSH3Aov8gEisWKXZsJ_YytAUqtQwLWFs3fkw9TOLBdopK_3w9M6gFCXlxraNzPt3HCTqcwmQROiP4nFKJ3wMRWGDWNQfomEgpayYkPfzrf4ROUlph3HLZkmP02E9Vb2CT_b2tFvc26jlGO-XqawzZ6uzDVN3afBdM5UKsLn3K0Q_zTv9i868Qf6TqAyRrqqJcPkwwel3dzuvs68Ww2hK24MIf_W_Yxfr1MkSf78bX6JWDdbJv_tRT9P3j1beLz_XN4tP1RX9Tayq6XOuBaN0AphhzN3BjBiEosdtxW81a6wbrsLANlxoTTanQbYO56DqDueSM0FN0veeaACu1iX6E-KACeLUTQlwqiNnrtVWdaF1HGeMGCGuIAEeBCjmw0goYgMJ6u2dtYvg525TVKsxxKu0r2jAqy1o5eXEtoUD95EKOoEeftOoFp22ZpJHFdf4fV3nGliWWuzpf9H8C7_YBHUNK0brnYQhW232o5_PTJ0VJotc
Cites_doi 10.1007/s42235-025-00653-4
10.1109/TSG.2012.2211045
10.1109/TSG.2015.2411216
10.3390/en14237966
10.1109/TCOMM.2025.3545658
10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.11.087
10.1088/1742-6596/2564/1/012022
10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0996
10.1109/TIA.2017.2717880
10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106514
10.1016/j.est.2023.108363
10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107300
10.1002/er.5128
10.1109/TPWRD.2016.2585579
10.1109/TSG.2017.2695378
10.1155/2021/9564583
10.1109/TSG.2017.2751596
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG
2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG
– notice: 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7SC
7TB
7XB
8AL
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FK
ABJCF
ABUWG
AFKRA
ARAPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
JQ2
K7-
KR7
L6V
L7M
L~C
L~D
M0N
M7S
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
Q9U
DOA
DOI 10.3390/a18080472
DatabaseName CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Computing Database (Alumni Edition)
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer Science Database
Civil Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
Computing Database
Engineering Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central Basic
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Computer Science Database
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central (New)
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Civil Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Computing
Engineering Database
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Computing (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database

CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Computer Science
EISSN 1999-4893
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_786f73445da14218af3a389b4c38adaa
A853600529
10_3390_a18080472
GroupedDBID 23M
2WC
5VS
8FE
8FG
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACUHS
ADBBV
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMVHM
ARAPS
AZQEC
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BPHCQ
CCPQU
CITATION
DWQXO
E3Z
ESX
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
IAO
ICD
ITC
J9A
K6V
K7-
KQ8
L6V
M7S
MODMG
M~E
OK1
OVT
P2P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
PTHSS
TR2
TUS
3V.
7SC
7TB
7XB
8AL
8FD
8FK
FR3
JQ2
KR7
L7M
L~C
L~D
M0N
P62
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c387t-cb1cc2a03005fb5ddb8831e33906c46efbef08e259c01c338c6205877d0595413
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount 0
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001557138500001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1999-4893
IngestDate Fri Oct 03 12:44:07 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 01 15:10:59 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 11 10:48:13 EST 2025
Tue Nov 04 18:13:34 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:16:22 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 8
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c387t-cb1cc2a03005fb5ddb8831e33906c46efbef08e259c01c338c6205877d0595413
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/786f73445da14218af3a389b4c38adaa
PQID 3243965951
PQPubID 2032439
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_786f73445da14218af3a389b4c38adaa
proquest_journals_3243965951
gale_infotracmisc_A853600529
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A853600529
crossref_primary_10_3390_a18080472
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-08-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-08-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 08
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-08-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Basel
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Basel
PublicationTitle Algorithms
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher MDPI AG
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
References Singh (ref_1) 2020; 14
Aghdam (ref_10) 2018; 9
Min (ref_12) 2019; 10
Wang (ref_17) 2023; 72
Wang (ref_16) 2025; 22
Li (ref_6) 2021; 125
Ashok (ref_15) 2021; 93
ref_2
Jerzy (ref_4) 2019; 68
Zamani (ref_7) 2012; 3
Gokhale (ref_13) 2016; 78
ref_18
Sarangi (ref_3) 2020; 44
Liu (ref_9) 2017; 32
Nikolaidis (ref_8) 2016; 7
Shih (ref_11) 2017; 53
ref_5
Yang (ref_14) 2021; 2021
References_xml – volume: 22
  start-page: 1672
  year: 2025
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: An Improved Multi-objective Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm for Capacity Allocation of Supercapacitor Energy Storage Systems in Urban Rail Transit
  publication-title: J. Bionic Eng.
  doi: 10.1007/s42235-025-00653-4
– volume: 3
  start-page: 2088
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: A Communication-Assisted Protection Strategy for Inverter-Based Medium-Voltage Microgrids
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Smart Grid
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2012.2211045
– volume: 7
  start-page: 114
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: A Communication-Assisted Overcurrent Protection Scheme for Radial Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Smart Grid
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2411216
– ident: ref_2
  doi: 10.3390/en14237966
– ident: ref_18
  doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2025.3545658
– volume: 78
  start-page: 336
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: An application of a tent map initiated Chaotic Firefly algorithm for optimal overcurrent relay coordination
  publication-title: Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.11.087
– volume: 68
  start-page: 373
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Distributed generation as efficient measure to improve power generation adequacy
  publication-title: Arch. Electr. Eng.
– ident: ref_5
  doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2564/1/012022
– volume: 14
  start-page: 996
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: A Local measurement based protection technique for distribution system with photovoltaic plants
  publication-title: IET Renew. Power Gener.
  doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0996
– volume: 53
  start-page: 5217
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: An Adaptive Overcurrent Coordination Scheme to Improve Relay Sensitivity and Overcome Drawbacks due to Distributed Generation in Smart Grids
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.
  doi: 10.1109/TIA.2017.2717880
– volume: 125
  start-page: 106514
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: Asymmetrical fault analysis on distribution feeders with inverter interfaced distributed generators
  publication-title: Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106514
– volume: 72
  start-page: 108363
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Improved multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm and application in capacity configuration of urban rail hybrid energy storage systems
  publication-title: J. Energy Storage
  doi: 10.1016/j.est.2023.108363
– volume: 93
  start-page: 107300
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Adaptive distance protection for grid-connected wind farms based on optimal quadrilateral characteristics
  publication-title: Comput. Electr. Eng.
  doi: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107300
– volume: 44
  start-page: 3347
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Distributed generation hybrid AC/DC microgrid protection: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future directions
  publication-title: Int. J. Energy Res.
  doi: 10.1002/er.5128
– volume: 32
  start-page: 536
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: A Multiagent System-Based Protection and Control Scheme for Distribution System with Distributed-Generation Integration
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2016.2585579
– volume: 9
  start-page: 5733
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Transient Stability Constrained Protection Coordination for Distribution Systems With DG
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Smart Grid
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2695378
– volume: 2021
  start-page: 9564583
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Optimal Setting Method of Inverse Time Overcurrent Protection for the Distribution Networks Based on the Improved Grey Wolf Optimization
  publication-title: Complexity
  doi: 10.1155/2021/9564583
– volume: 10
  start-page: 732
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: Dimitrov and Surya Santoso. Stochastic Optimization for Discrete Overcurrent Relay Tripping Characteristics and Coordination
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Smart Grid
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2751596
SSID ssj0065961
Score 2.34588
Snippet With the large-scale integration of renewable energy into distribution networks, traditional fixed-setting overcurrent protection strategies struggle to adapt...
SourceID doaj
proquest
gale
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 472
SubjectTerms adaptive current protection
Algorithms
Alternative energy sources
Communication
distribution network
Elitism
Energy distribution
Energy resources
Energy storage
Genetic algorithms
Mathematical optimization
Methods
multi-objective optimization
Multiple objective analysis
Networks
NSGA-II algorithm
Optimization algorithms
Overcurrent
Pareto optimization
Pareto optimum
Real time
Redundancy
Renewable energy
renewable energy-integrated distribution network
Renewable resources
Wind power
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Engineering Database
  dbid: M7S
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwEB5B4cCl5SkWCrIQEier8cZJvCeUUiou7FYCpN6ssZ2UIrq77KZc-PPM2E7RHuDC1XYcJzOehx_fB_Da4EzpCnvpKRaWWmuUsxCUrDD44EKBxiSyiWY-N-fns7O84LbNxypHmxgNdVh5XiM_IsdfRvA79Xb9QzJrFO-uZgqN23CHURJUPLr3abTE1LpWCU2opNT-CBWDKOpmuuODIlT_3wxy9DKnB_87vvuwn-NL0SaFeAC3uuVDOBi5G0Seyo_gV7sUbcA1WzuxIH32CahJnCXgBhKX-BjZpQWFteKE8XUzNZaYp6PjW3FMLjAIKjlJvPYiXueVC_ctmVGxoP6v8k1P0X6_oAEPX68ew5fT95_ffZCZiEH60jSD9E55P8WCoe17V4XgjClVxz-19rruetf1hekok_KF8pT0-npaVKZpAgVvFbnJJ7C3XC27pyBc7ysVsChcOdMcDdFjKlCvmvJQX5UTeDWKxq4T3oalPIVfZW_kN4FjFtpNA4bIjgWrzYXNM842pu6bUusqoNIUyGBfIkVnTtM3YUCcwBsWueWJPGzQY76PQONkSCzbUiBTx43QCRzutKQJ6HerR42w2QBs7R91ePbv6udwb8qUwvFM4SHsDZvr7gXc9T-Hy-3mZdTn35rVAJc
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title An Adaptive Overcurrent Protection Method for Distribution Networks Based on Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/3243965951
https://doaj.org/article/786f73445da14218af3a389b4c38adaa
Volume 18
WOSCitedRecordID wos001557138500001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Computer Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: K7-
  dateStart: 20080301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/compscijour
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Engineering Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: M7S
  dateStart: 20080301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20080301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20080301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LT9wwEB5V0EMvBfpQl8fKqpB6sog3duwcs7CoVcVuRFuJniw_EkoFC9oNXCr1tzO2s6h7qHrpJQfbcawZj-cbZfwNwKEyJePCtNQhFqacc0NL7xkVxjtvfWaUSsUm5HSqLi7K-o9SXyEnLNEDJ8EdSVW0MudceMM4-iPT5gadrOUuV8abCI0yWa6CqXQGF6IsWOIRyjGoPzIs0CdyOVrzPpGk_29HcfQvp9vwsgeGpEoL2oFnzfwVbK2KLpDeBl_Dr2pOKm_uwjFFZrgRXWJYInViXEA5k7NYFpogHiUngRi3r2lFpinne0nG6Ls8wZaTVJCexHu4dGZ_pvOPzHD-m_6KJqmuL28XV92Pmzfw7XTy9fgj7SsoUJSO7KizzLmRyQInfWuF91apnDVBJoXjRdPaps1UgyGQy5jDaNUVo0woKT2iLoH-7S1szG_nzTsgtnWCeZNlNi95gDH4GvM4K8cA0ol8AO9XktV3iShDY4ARPqWfxD-AcZD504DAbR0bUOO617j-l8YH8CFoTAcL7BbGmf4iAa4zcFnpChFIEf9gDmB_bSRajlvvXulc95a71Agw80iyyHb_x2L34MUoVAyOKYP7sNEt7psDeO4euqvlYgib48m0Ph_GzYvPz5IOQ_bpl_D8PcH--tNZ_f0R7Q74vw
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9NAEB2VggQXyqcIFFghEKdVvfba3hwQcglVq7RJD0XqbdkPuxQRJyQGVPGf-I3MrO2iHODWA1fbmTibt29m7N33AF4qMxQyNRV3WAtzKaXhQ-8FT4133vrIKNWaTeSTiTo9HR5vwK9-Lwwtq-w5MRC1nzt6Rr6DiT8J4nfi7eIrJ9coervaW2i0sBiXFz-wZVu9ORjh__sqjvfen7zb552rAHeJyhvurHAuNhHptFc29d4qlYgyweY_czIrK1tWkSqxLXCRcNjBuSyOUpXnHiuRFDkf416D6xKD0bwa57xnfry7TLTqRRRtxwgSbZR5vJbzgjXA3xJAyGp7W__beNyB2139zIoW8Hdho6zvwVbvTcE6qroPP4uaFd4siM3ZFOera4Wo2HErTIFwZEfBPZth2c5GpB_cWX-xSbs0fsV2McV7hkdGF7WZnTsWtivzqf3cpgk2xfizbicrK76c4QA1n2YP4MOVDMFD2KzndfkImK1cKryJIpsMJVV7-DHhMarEPtulyQBe9FDQi1ZPRGMfRl-lL_EygF0CyeUFJAEeDsyXZ7pjFJ2rrMoTKVNvhMRCzVSJwerTSvxNxhszgNcEMU1E1SyNM91-C7xPkvzSBRZqWXjRO4DttSuRYNz66R6BuiO4lf4Dv8f_Pv0cbu6fHB3qw4PJ-Ancisk-Oayf3IbNZvmtfAo33PfmfLV8FuYSg49XDdbfkNRbsQ
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3LjtMwFL0aOgixYXiNKAxgIRCrqHHiJM4CoQylohqmzQKkYWX8SIZBNC1tAI34M76Oa8cZ1AXsZsE2Dydxju89N7HPAXjKZU5ZIutAIxcOGGMyyI2hQSKNNsqEkvPObCKbzfjJSV7uwK9-LYydVtnHRBeozVLbb-QjTPyxE7-jo9pPiyjHk5err4F1kLJ_Wns7jQ4iR9X5DyzfNi-mY3zXz6Jo8vrdqzeBdxgIdMyzNtCKah3J0Gq21yoxRnEe0yqO8zDVLK1qVdUhr7BE0CHVWM3pNAoTnmUGWUmC8R_bvQK7SMlZNIDdcnpcfujzAN5rSjstI9veSFIr4ciyaCsDOqOAv6UDl-Mme_9z79yEG55Zk6IbCrdgp2puw17vWkF8ELsDP4uGFEaubJwncxzJupOoImUnWYFAJcfOV5sgoSdjqyzsTcHIrJs0vyGHmPwNwS3j80YuzjRxC5mDufrcJRAyx_YXfo0rKb6cYge1nxZ34f2ldME-DJplU90DomqdUCPDUMU5szwQT6MGW2VYgeskHsKTHhZi1SmNCKzQ7KXEBXaGcGgBc3GAFQd3G5brU-Fjjch4WmcxY4mRlCGFk3UskZcqhs8kjZRDeG7hJmwIa9dSS78SA-_TioGJAilc6n4BD-Fg60gMPXp7d49G4UPfRvyB4v1_734M1xCj4u10dvQArkfWV9lNrDyAQbv-Vj2Eq_p7e7ZZP_IDi8DHy0brb1MJZjI
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+Adaptive+Overcurrent+Protection+Method+for+Distribution+Networks+Based+on+Dynamic+Multi-Objective+Optimization+Algorithm&rft.jtitle=Algorithms&rft.au=Biao+Xu&rft.au=Fan+Ouyang&rft.au=Yangyang+Li&rft.au=Kun+Yu&rft.date=2025-08-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=1999-4893&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=472&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fa18080472&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_786f73445da14218af3a389b4c38adaa
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1999-4893&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1999-4893&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1999-4893&client=summon