Evaluation of inter‐individual differences in gut bacterial isoflavone bioactivation in humans by PCR‐based targeting of genes involved in equol formation

Aim To identify human subjects harbouring intestinal bacteria that bioactivate daidzein to equol using a targeted PCR‐based approach. Methods and Results In a pilot study including 17 human subjects, equol formation was determined in faecal slurries. In parallel, faecal DNA was amplified by PCR usin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied microbiology Vol. 124; no. 1; pp. 220 - 231
Main Authors: Braune, A., Blaut, M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Oxford University Press 01.01.2018
Subjects:
Adult
Bacteria
Bacteria - genetics
Bacteria - isolation & purification
Bacteria - metabolism
Bacterial Proteins - genetics
Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
Biodiversity
Biological activity
Daidzein
Deoxyribonucleic acid
digestive system
dihydrodaidzein reductase
DNA
equol
Equol - metabolism
Feces - microbiology
Female
Forming
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology
Genes
human intestinal microbiota
Human subjects
Humans
intestinal microorganisms
Intestine
isoflavone
Isoflavones
Isoflavones - metabolism
Male
metabolism
Oxidoreductases - genetics
Oxidoreductases - metabolism
Pilot Projects
Polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods
Primers
Reductase
Slackia
Slurries
tetrahydrodaidzein reductase
daidzein
equol
isoflavone
human intestinal microbiota
dihydrodaidzein reductase
tetrahydrodaidzein reductase
ISSN:1364-5072, 1365-2672, 1365-2672
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Summary:Aim To identify human subjects harbouring intestinal bacteria that bioactivate daidzein to equol using a targeted PCR‐based approach. Methods and Results In a pilot study including 17 human subjects, equol formation was determined in faecal slurries. In parallel, faecal DNA was amplified by PCR using degenerate primers that target highly conserved regions of dihydrodaidzein reductase and tetrahydrodaidzein reductase genes. PCR products of the expected size were observed for six of the eight subjects identified as equol producers. Analysis of clone libraries revealed the amplification of sequences exclusively related to Adlercreutzia equolifaciens in four of the subjects tested positive for equol formation, whereas in three of the equol producers, only sequences related to Slackia isoflavoniconvertens were observed. No amplicons were obtained for one equol‐forming subject, thus suggesting the presence of nontargeted alternative genes. Amplicons were only sporadically observed in the nonequol producers. Conclusion The majority of human subjects who produced equol were also detected with the developed PCR‐based approach. Significance and Impact of the Study The obtained results shed light on the distribution and the diversity of known equol‐forming bacterial species in the study group and indicate the presence of as yet unknown equol‐forming bacteria.
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ISSN:1364-5072
1365-2672
1365-2672
DOI:10.1111/jam.13616