Occupations and Inequality: Theoretical Perspectives and Mechanisms

People’s occupations are strongly related to multiple dimensions of inequality, such as inequalities in wages, health, autonomy, or risk of temporary employment. The theories and mechanisms linking occupations to these inequalities are subject to debate. We review the recent evidence on the relation...

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Vydáno v:	Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie Ročník 72; číslo Suppl 1; s. 19 - 40
Hlavní autoři:	Haupt, Andreas, Ebner, Christian
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Wiesbaden Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 01.09.2020 Springer Nature B.V
Témata:	Abhandlungen Autonomy Berufsspezifische Mechanismen Fähigkeiten Health disparities Inequality Lohnungleichheit Methodology of the Social Sciences Occupation-specific mechanisms Occupations Personality and Social Psychology Skills Social Sciences Sociology Soziologische Theorie Tasks Temporary employment Theorie von Berufen Theory of occupations Wage inequality Wages & salaries Berufsspezifische Mechanismen Tasks Skills Fähigkeiten Occupation-specific mechanisms Wage inequality Theorie von Berufen Soziologische Theorie Theory of occupations Lohnungleichheit
ISSN:	1861-891X, 0023-2653, 1861-891X
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Abstract	People’s occupations are strongly related to multiple dimensions of inequality, such as inequalities in wages, health, autonomy, or risk of temporary employment. The theories and mechanisms linking occupations to these inequalities are subject to debate. We review the recent evidence on the relationship between occupations and inequality and discuss the following four overarching theoretical perspectives: occupations and skills, occupations and tasks, occupations and institutions, and occupations and culture. We show that each perspective has strong implications for how scholars conceptualize occupations and which occupational characteristics are seen as relevant when explaining inequalities. Building on this, we review and critically examine the relevant theories related to and the mechanisms of the relationship between occupation and wage inequality, as an example. We conclude that there is sound empirical knowledge available on the relationships between occupations and inequality; however, some of the mechanisms are still unclear.
AbstractList	People’s occupations are strongly related to multiple dimensions of inequality, such as inequalities in wages, health, autonomy, or risk of temporary employment. The theories and mechanisms linking occupations to these inequalities are subject to debate. We review the recent evidence on the relationship between occupations and inequality and discuss the following four overarching theoretical perspectives: occupations and skills, occupations and tasks, occupations and institutions, and occupations and culture. We show that each perspective has strong implications for how scholars conceptualize occupations and which occupational characteristics are seen as relevant when explaining inequalities. Building on this, we review and critically examine the relevant theories related to and the mechanisms of the relationship between occupation and wage inequality, as an example. We conclude that there is sound empirical knowledge available on the relationships between occupations and inequality; however, some of the mechanisms are still unclear. People’s occupations are strongly related to multiple dimensions of inequality, such as inequalities in wages, health, autonomy, or risk of temporary employment. The theories and mechanisms linking occupations to these inequalities are subject to debate. We review the recent evidence on the relationship between occupations and inequality and discuss the following four overarching theoretical perspectives: occupations and skills, occupations and tasks, occupations and institutions, and occupations and culture. We show that each perspective has strong implications for how scholars conceptualize occupations and which occupational characteristics are seen as relevant when explaining inequalities. Building on this, we review and critically examine the relevant theories related to and the mechanisms of the relationship between occupation and wage inequality, as an example. We conclude that there is sound empirical knowledge available on the relationships between occupations and inequality; however, some of the mechanisms are still unclear. Berufe hängen mit verschiedensten Facetten sozialer Ungleichheit zusammen, darunter sind Lohnungleichheit, Gesundheit, Autonomie oder Risiken befristeter Beschäftigung. Theorien und Mechanismen, die Berufe mit diesen Ungleichheiten verbinden, werden teils kontrovers diskutiert. Wir betrachten neuere Erkenntnisse zum Verhältnis von Berufen und sozialer Ungleichheit und nehmen eine Einordnung in vier übergreifende theoretische Perspektiven vor: Berufe und Fähigkeiten, Berufe und Tätigkeiten, Berufe und Institutionen sowie Berufe und Kultur. Wir zeigen, dass Wissenschaftler Berufe je nach Perspektive unterschiedlich konzeptualisieren und jeweils andere Berufsmerkmale für die Erklärung von Ungleichheiten als relevant erachten. Darauf aufbauend veranschaulichen wir anhand des Beispiels der Lohnungleichheiten berufsspezifische Theorien und Mechanismen entlang der vier beschriebenen Perspektiven. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass es fundiertes empirisches Wissen über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Berufen und sozialer Ungleichheit gibt, die Mechanismen jedoch an mehreren Stellen immer noch unklar sind.
Author	Ebner, Christian Haupt, Andreas
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Keywords	Berufsspezifische Mechanismen Tasks Skills Fähigkeiten Occupation-specific mechanisms Wage inequality Theorie von Berufen Soziologische Theorie Theory of occupations Lohnungleichheit
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SubjectTerms	Abhandlungen Autonomy Berufsspezifische Mechanismen Fähigkeiten Health disparities Inequality Lohnungleichheit Methodology of the Social Sciences Occupation-specific mechanisms Occupations Personality and Social Psychology Skills Social Sciences Sociology Soziologische Theorie Tasks Temporary employment Theorie von Berufen Theory of occupations Wage inequality Wages & salaries
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Title	Occupations and Inequality: Theoretical Perspectives and Mechanisms
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