Hydraulic modeling during filling and emptying processes in pressurized pipelines: a literature review

Filling and emptying processes are common maneuvers while operating, controlling and managing water pipeline systems. Currently, these operations are executed following recommendations from technical manuals and pipe manufacturers; however, these recommendations have a lack of understanding about th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Urban water journal Vol. 16; no. 4; pp. 299 - 311
Main Authors: Fuertes-Miquel, Vicente S., Coronado-Hernández, Oscar E., Mora-Meliá, Daniel, Iglesias-Rey, Pedro L.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Abingdon Taylor & Francis 21.04.2019
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects:
Air
Air pockets
Air-water
Air-water interface
Atmospheric models
Atmospheric pressure
Computer simulation
Emptying
filling
Fluid dynamics
Friction factor
Interfaces
Literature reviews
Maneuvers
Mathematical analysis
Mathematical models
Nozzle flow
Physical simulation
Pipes
Pressure surges
Submarine pipelines
Three dimensional models
transient flow
Two dimensional models
Unsteady flow
Water circulation
Water column
water distribution system
Water pipelines
ISSN:1573-062X, 1744-9006
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Filling and emptying processes are common maneuvers while operating, controlling and managing water pipeline systems. Currently, these operations are executed following recommendations from technical manuals and pipe manufacturers; however, these recommendations have a lack of understanding about the behavior of these processes. The application of mathematical models considering transient flows with entrapped air pockets is necessary because a rapid filling operation can cause pressure surges due to air pocket compressions, while an uncontrolled emptying operation can generate troughs of sub-atmospheric pressure caused by air pocket expansion. Depending on pipe and installation conditions, either situation can produce a rupture of pipe systems. Recently, reliable mathematical models have been developed by different researchers. This paper reviews and compares various mathematical models to simulate these processes. Water columns can be analyzed using a rigid water column model, an elastic water model, or 2D/3D CFD models; air-water interfaces using a piston-flow model or more complex models; air pockets through a polytropic model; and air valves using an isentropic nozzle flow or similar approaches. This work can be used as a starting point for planning filling and emptying operations in pressurized pipelines. Uncertainties of mathematical models of two-phases flow concerning to a non-variable friction factor, a polytropic coefficient, an air pocket sizes and an air valve behavior are identified.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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ISSN:1573-062X
1744-9006
DOI:10.1080/1573062X.2019.1669188