Review of Power System Support Functions for Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources- Standards, Control Algorithms, and Trends

Penetration of renewable energy in power systems has been increasing in the past decades in response to increased global electricity demand and concerns for the environment. Distributed energy resources (DERs) based on renewables have experienced rapid growth thanks to the incentive programs and bro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE open journal of power electronics Vol. 2; pp. 88 - 105
Main Authors: Xu, Shuang, Xue, Yaosuo, Chang, Liuchen
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States IEEE 2021
Subjects:
Distributed energy resources
Distributed energy resources (DERs)
Interoperability
Inverters
Power system stability
power system support functions
Power systems
POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
reactive power control
Renewable energy sources
Voltage control
voltage ride-through
ISSN:2644-1314, 2644-1314
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Penetration of renewable energy in power systems has been increasing in the past decades in response to increased global electricity demand and concerns for the environment. Distributed energy resources (DERs) based on renewables have experienced rapid growth thanks to the incentive programs and broad-based participation. With the growing prevalence of DERs, the risk of grid instability and vulnerability increases due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy. At the same time, the voltage and frequency deviation problems emerge more often when the reverse power flow occurs under supply-demand imbalance in distributed power systems. Standards and grid codes have been issued for DER inverters to interconnect with the distribution grid. The updated standard and grid codes expect DERs to provide a variety of power system support functions in order to incorporate higher DER penetration and to maximize DER value to the grid. This paper provides an overview of the power system support functions from renewable DER inverters, which are categorized as: voltage regulation by active/reactive power control, frequency regulation by active power control, voltage ride-through, and frequency ride-through. The benefits and drawbacks of each algorithm are presented and compared with its predecessor, manifesting the logic in the evolution of the algorithms.
Bibliography:USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
AC05-00OR22725
ISSN:2644-1314
2644-1314
DOI:10.1109/OJPEL.2021.3056627