NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE TWO-STEP EMERGENCE OF TWISTED MAGNETIC FLUX TUBES IN THE SUN
We present the new results of the two-dimensional numerical experiments on the cross-sectional evolution of a twisted magnetic flux tube rising from the deeper solar convection zone (--20,000 km) to the corona through the surface. The initial depth is 10 times deeper than most of the previous calcul...
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| Published in: | The Astrophysical journal Vol. 735; no. 2; pp. 126 - jQuery1323906737520='48' |
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| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Bristol
IOP
10.07.2011
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| ISSN: | 0004-637X, 1538-4357 |
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| Abstract | We present the new results of the two-dimensional numerical experiments on the cross-sectional evolution of a twisted magnetic flux tube rising from the deeper solar convection zone (--20,000 km) to the corona through the surface. The initial depth is 10 times deeper than most of the previous calculations focusing on the flux emergence from the uppermost convection zone. We find that the evolution is illustrated by the following two-step process. The initial tube rises due to its buoyancy, subject to aerodynamic drag due to the external flow. Because of the azimuthal component of the magnetic field, the tube maintains its coherency and does not deform to become a vortex roll pair. When the flux tube approaches the photosphere and expands sufficiently, the plasma on the rising tube accumulates to suppress the tube's emergence. Therefore, the flux decelerates and extends horizontally beneath the surface. This new finding owes to our large-scale simulation, which simultaneously calculates the dynamics within the interior as well as above the surface. As the magnetic pressure gradient increases around the surface, magnetic buoyancy instability is triggered locally and, as a result, the flux rises further into the solar corona. We also find that the deceleration occurs at a higher altitude than assumed in our previous experiment using magnetic flux sheets. By conducting parametric studies, we investigate the conditions for the two-step emergence of the rising flux tube: field strength 1.5 X 104 G and the twist 5.0 X 10--4 km--1 at --20,000 km depth. |
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| AbstractList | We present the new results of the two-dimensional numerical experiments on the cross-sectional evolution of a twisted magnetic flux tube rising from the deeper solar convection zone (-20,000 km) to the corona through the surface. The initial depth is 10 times deeper than most of the previous calculations focusing on the flux emergence from the uppermost convection zone. We find that the evolution is illustrated by the following two-step process. The initial tube rises due to its buoyancy, subject to aerodynamic drag due to the external flow. Because of the azimuthal component of the magnetic field, the tube maintains its coherency and does not deform to become a vortex roll pair. When the flux tube approaches the photosphere and expands sufficiently, the plasma on the rising tube accumulates to suppress the tube's emergence. Therefore, the flux decelerates and extends horizontally beneath the surface. This new finding owes to our large-scale simulation, which simultaneously calculates the dynamics within the interior as well as above the surface. As the magnetic pressure gradient increases around the surface, magnetic buoyancy instability is triggered locally and, as a result, the flux rises further into the solar corona. We also find that the deceleration occurs at a higher altitude than assumed in our previous experiment using magnetic flux sheets. By conducting parametric studies, we investigate the conditions for the two-step emergence of the rising flux tube: field strength {approx}> 1.5 x 10{sup 4} G and the twist {approx}> 5.0 x 10{sup -4} km{sup -1} at -20,000 km depth. We present the new results of the two-dimensional numerical experiments on the cross-sectional evolution of a twisted magnetic flux tube rising from the deeper solar convection zone (--20,000 km) to the corona through the surface. The initial depth is 10 times deeper than most of the previous calculations focusing on the flux emergence from the uppermost convection zone. We find that the evolution is illustrated by the following two-step process. The initial tube rises due to its buoyancy, subject to aerodynamic drag due to the external flow. Because of the azimuthal component of the magnetic field, the tube maintains its coherency and does not deform to become a vortex roll pair. When the flux tube approaches the photosphere and expands sufficiently, the plasma on the rising tube accumulates to suppress the tube's emergence. Therefore, the flux decelerates and extends horizontally beneath the surface. This new finding owes to our large-scale simulation, which simultaneously calculates the dynamics within the interior as well as above the surface. As the magnetic pressure gradient increases around the surface, magnetic buoyancy instability is triggered locally and, as a result, the flux rises further into the solar corona. We also find that the deceleration occurs at a higher altitude than assumed in our previous experiment using magnetic flux sheets. By conducting parametric studies, we investigate the conditions for the two-step emergence of the rising flux tube: field strength 1.5 X 104 G and the twist 5.0 X 10--4 km--1 at --20,000 km depth. |
| Author | Yokoyama, T. Toriumi, S. |
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| Keywords | Solar corona Magnetic flux Plasma Magnetohydrodynamics Sun: interior Deceleration Flux tubes Sun: corona Digital simulation Numerical method Sun: photosphere Vortex pair methods: numerical Sun Convection Sun: chromosphere Pressure gradients Dynamics Instability Magnetic fields Solar interior magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Twisted flux tube |
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| References | Cheung (6) 2008; 687 24 26 27 28 Moreno-Insertis (23) 2006 29 Spruit (36) 1981; 98 Fan (11) 2001; 554 Toriumi (37) 2011; 63 Schüssler (34) 1979; 71 Magara (20) 2001; 549 Parker (33) 1979 Manchester (21) 2004; 610 30 Emonet (10) 1998; 492 31 32 12 13 Moreno-Insertis (25) 1996; 472 35 16 Abbett (1) 2003; 582 17 Toriumi (38) 2010; 714 39 Galsgaard (15) 2007; 666 18 19 Dorch (8) 1999; 352 Matsumoto (22) 1992; 44 2 3 4 Fan (14) 1998; 493 5 D'Silva (9) 1993; 272 7 |
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| SubjectTerms | ACCELERATION Astronomy ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY ATMOSPHERES CHROMOSPHERE CONVECTION Earth, ocean, space ENERGY TRANSFER EVOLUTION Exact sciences and technology FLUID MECHANICS HEAT TRANSFER HYDRODYNAMICS MAGNETIC FIELDS MAGNETIC FLUX MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS MAIN SEQUENCE STARS MASS TRANSFER MECHANICS PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS PHOTOSPHERE PRESSURE GRADIENTS SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SOLAR CORONA STARS STELLAR ATMOSPHERES STELLAR CORONAE SUN TWO-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS |
| Title | NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE TWO-STEP EMERGENCE OF TWISTED MAGNETIC FLUX TUBES IN THE SUN |
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