Effects of PACAP on Schwann Cells: Focus on Nerve Injury

Schwann cells, the most abundant glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, represent the key players able to supply extracellular microenvironment for axonal regrowth and restoration of myelin sheaths on regenerating axons. Following nerve injury, Schwann cells respond adaptively to damage by ac...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 21; no. 21; p. 8233
Main Authors: Maugeri, Grazia, D’Amico, Agata Grazia, Musumeci, Giuseppe, Reglodi, Dora, D’Agata, Velia
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI 03.11.2020
Subjects:
Animals
Axons - drug effects
Axons - physiology
Cell Survival - drug effects
Humans
Myelin Sheath - drug effects
Myelin Sheath - physiology
Nerve Fibers - drug effects
Nerve Fibers - physiology
Nerve Regeneration - drug effects
Peripheral Nerve Injuries - drug therapy
Peripheral Nerve Injuries - pathology
Peripheral Nerve Injuries - physiopathology
Peripheral Nerves - drug effects
Peripheral Nerves - physiology
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - pharmacology
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - therapeutic use
Review
Schwann Cells - drug effects
Schwann Cells - physiology
Trauma, Nervous System - drug therapy
Trauma, Nervous System - pathology
Trauma, Nervous System - physiopathology
peripheral nervous system
PACAP
regeneration
neuroprotection
Schwann cells
ISSN:1422-0067, 1422-0067
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Schwann cells, the most abundant glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, represent the key players able to supply extracellular microenvironment for axonal regrowth and restoration of myelin sheaths on regenerating axons. Following nerve injury, Schwann cells respond adaptively to damage by acquiring a new phenotype. In particular, some of them localize in the distal stump to form the Bungner band, a regeneration track in the distal site of the injured nerve, whereas others produce cytokines involved in recruitment of macrophages infiltrating into the nerve damaged area for axonal and myelin debris clearance. Several neurotrophic factors, including pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), promote survival and axonal elongation of injured neurons. The present review summarizes the evidence existing in the literature demonstrating the autocrine and/or paracrine action exerted by PACAP to promote remyelination and ameliorate the peripheral nerve inflammatory response following nerve injury.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:1422-0067
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21218233