Effects of PACAP on Schwann Cells: Focus on Nerve Injury

Schwann cells, the most abundant glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, represent the key players able to supply extracellular microenvironment for axonal regrowth and restoration of myelin sheaths on regenerating axons. Following nerve injury, Schwann cells respond adaptively to damage by ac...

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Veröffentlicht in:	International journal of molecular sciences Jg. 21; H. 21; S. 8233
Hauptverfasser:	Maugeri, Grazia, D’Amico, Agata Grazia, Musumeci, Giuseppe, Reglodi, Dora, D’Agata, Velia
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Switzerland MDPI 03.11.2020
Schlagworte:	Animals Axons - drug effects Axons - physiology Cell Survival - drug effects Humans Myelin Sheath - drug effects Myelin Sheath - physiology Nerve Fibers - drug effects Nerve Fibers - physiology Nerve Regeneration - drug effects Peripheral Nerve Injuries - drug therapy Peripheral Nerve Injuries - pathology Peripheral Nerve Injuries - physiopathology Peripheral Nerves - drug effects Peripheral Nerves - physiology Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - pharmacology Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - therapeutic use Review Schwann Cells - drug effects Schwann Cells - physiology Trauma, Nervous System - drug therapy Trauma, Nervous System - pathology Trauma, Nervous System - physiopathology peripheral nervous system PACAP regeneration neuroprotection Schwann cells
ISSN:	1422-0067, 1422-0067
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Zusammenfassung:	Schwann cells, the most abundant glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, represent the key players able to supply extracellular microenvironment for axonal regrowth and restoration of myelin sheaths on regenerating axons. Following nerve injury, Schwann cells respond adaptively to damage by acquiring a new phenotype. In particular, some of them localize in the distal stump to form the Bungner band, a regeneration track in the distal site of the injured nerve, whereas others produce cytokines involved in recruitment of macrophages infiltrating into the nerve damaged area for axonal and myelin debris clearance. Several neurotrophic factors, including pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), promote survival and axonal elongation of injured neurons. The present review summarizes the evidence existing in the literature demonstrating the autocrine and/or paracrine action exerted by PACAP to promote remyelination and ameliorate the peripheral nerve inflammatory response following nerve injury.
Bibliographie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:	1422-0067 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms21218233