Are loneliness and social isolation associated with cognitive decline?

Objective This study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3‐year follow‐up period in middle‐ and older‐aged adults. Methods Data from a Spanish nationally representative sample were analyzed (n = 1691; aged 50 years or older). Loneliness, social iso...

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Vydáno v:	International journal of geriatric psychiatry Ročník 34; číslo 11; s. 1613 - 1622
Hlavní autoři:	Lara, Elvira, Caballero, Francisco Félix, Rico‐Uribe, Laura Alejandra, Olaya, Beatriz, Haro, Josep Maria, Ayuso‐Mateos, José Luis, Miret, Marta
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.11.2019
Témata:	Aged Aged, 80 and over Cognition & reasoning Cognitive ability Cognitive Dysfunction - physiopathology Cognitive Dysfunction - psychology cognitive function Female Geriatric psychiatry Humans Loneliness Loneliness - psychology Male Mental Recall - physiology Middle Aged older adults Population-based studies population‐based study Social interactions Social isolation Social Isolation - psychology Spain Verbal Learning - physiology Spain cognitive function older adults social isolation loneliness population-based study
ISSN:	0885-6230, 1099-1166, 1099-1166
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Abstract	Objective This study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3‐year follow‐up period in middle‐ and older‐aged adults. Methods Data from a Spanish nationally representative sample were analyzed (n = 1691; aged 50 years or older). Loneliness, social isolation, and cognition (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, backward digit span, and a composite cognitive score) were assessed both at baseline and at follow‐up. Adjusted generalized estimating equations models were performed. Results Loneliness was significantly associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and backward digit span (B = −0.14 to B = −3.16; P < .05) and with a more rapid decline from baseline to follow‐up in two out of six cognitive tests. Higher social isolation was associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, verbal fluency, and forward digit span (B = −0.06 to B = −0.85; P < .05). The effect of loneliness and social isolation on cognition remained significant after the exclusion of individuals with depression. Conclusions Both loneliness and social isolation are associated with decreased cognitive function over a 3‐year follow‐up period. The development of interventions that include the enhancement of social participation and the maintenance of emotionally supportive relationships might contribute to cognitive decline prevention and risk reduction.
AbstractList	This study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3-year follow-up period in middle- and older-aged adults.OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3-year follow-up period in middle- and older-aged adults.Data from a Spanish nationally representative sample were analyzed (n = 1691; aged 50 years or older). Loneliness, social isolation, and cognition (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, backward digit span, and a composite cognitive score) were assessed both at baseline and at follow-up. Adjusted generalized estimating equations models were performed.METHODSData from a Spanish nationally representative sample were analyzed (n = 1691; aged 50 years or older). Loneliness, social isolation, and cognition (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, backward digit span, and a composite cognitive score) were assessed both at baseline and at follow-up. Adjusted generalized estimating equations models were performed.Loneliness was significantly associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and backward digit span (B = -0.14 to B = -3.16; P < .05) and with a more rapid decline from baseline to follow-up in two out of six cognitive tests. Higher social isolation was associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, verbal fluency, and forward digit span (B = -0.06 to B = -0.85; P < .05). The effect of loneliness and social isolation on cognition remained significant after the exclusion of individuals with depression.RESULTSLoneliness was significantly associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and backward digit span (B = -0.14 to B = -3.16; P < .05) and with a more rapid decline from baseline to follow-up in two out of six cognitive tests. Higher social isolation was associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, verbal fluency, and forward digit span (B = -0.06 to B = -0.85; P < .05). The effect of loneliness and social isolation on cognition remained significant after the exclusion of individuals with depression.Both loneliness and social isolation are associated with decreased cognitive function over a 3-year follow-up period. The development of interventions that include the enhancement of social participation and the maintenance of emotionally supportive relationships might contribute to cognitive decline prevention and risk reduction.CONCLUSIONSBoth loneliness and social isolation are associated with decreased cognitive function over a 3-year follow-up period. The development of interventions that include the enhancement of social participation and the maintenance of emotionally supportive relationships might contribute to cognitive decline prevention and risk reduction. Objective This study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3‐year follow‐up period in middle‐ and older‐aged adults. Methods Data from a Spanish nationally representative sample were analyzed (n = 1691; aged 50 years or older). Loneliness, social isolation, and cognition (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, backward digit span, and a composite cognitive score) were assessed both at baseline and at follow‐up. Adjusted generalized estimating equations models were performed. Results Loneliness was significantly associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and backward digit span (B = −0.14 to B = −3.16; P < .05) and with a more rapid decline from baseline to follow‐up in two out of six cognitive tests. Higher social isolation was associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, verbal fluency, and forward digit span (B = −0.06 to B = −0.85; P < .05). The effect of loneliness and social isolation on cognition remained significant after the exclusion of individuals with depression. Conclusions Both loneliness and social isolation are associated with decreased cognitive function over a 3‐year follow‐up period. The development of interventions that include the enhancement of social participation and the maintenance of emotionally supportive relationships might contribute to cognitive decline prevention and risk reduction. This study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3-year follow-up period in middle- and older-aged adults. Data from a Spanish nationally representative sample were analyzed (n = 1691; aged 50 years or older). Loneliness, social isolation, and cognition (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, backward digit span, and a composite cognitive score) were assessed both at baseline and at follow-up. Adjusted generalized estimating equations models were performed. Loneliness was significantly associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and backward digit span (B = -0.14 to B = -3.16; P < .05) and with a more rapid decline from baseline to follow-up in two out of six cognitive tests. Higher social isolation was associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, verbal fluency, and forward digit span (B = -0.06 to B = -0.85; P < .05). The effect of loneliness and social isolation on cognition remained significant after the exclusion of individuals with depression. Both loneliness and social isolation are associated with decreased cognitive function over a 3-year follow-up period. The development of interventions that include the enhancement of social participation and the maintenance of emotionally supportive relationships might contribute to cognitive decline prevention and risk reduction. ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3‐year follow‐up period in middle‐ and older‐aged adults.MethodsData from a Spanish nationally representative sample were analyzed (n = 1691; aged 50 years or older). Loneliness, social isolation, and cognition (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, backward digit span, and a composite cognitive score) were assessed both at baseline and at follow‐up. Adjusted generalized estimating equations models were performed.ResultsLoneliness was significantly associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and backward digit span (B = −0.14 to B = −3.16; P < .05) and with a more rapid decline from baseline to follow‐up in two out of six cognitive tests. Higher social isolation was associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, verbal fluency, and forward digit span (B = −0.06 to B = −0.85; P < .05). The effect of loneliness and social isolation on cognition remained significant after the exclusion of individuals with depression.ConclusionsBoth loneliness and social isolation are associated with decreased cognitive function over a 3‐year follow‐up period. The development of interventions that include the enhancement of social participation and the maintenance of emotionally supportive relationships might contribute to cognitive decline prevention and risk reduction.
Author	Ayuso‐Mateos, José Luis Miret, Marta Olaya, Beatriz Lara, Elvira Haro, Josep Maria Rico‐Uribe, Laura Alejandra Caballero, Francisco Félix
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Elvira surname: Lara fullname: Lara, Elvira organization: Instituto de Salud Carlos III – sequence: 2 givenname: Francisco Félix surname: Caballero fullname: Caballero, Francisco Félix organization: Instituto de Salud Carlos III – sequence: 3 givenname: Laura Alejandra surname: Rico‐Uribe fullname: Rico‐Uribe, Laura Alejandra organization: Instituto de Salud Carlos III – sequence: 4 givenname: Beatriz surname: Olaya fullname: Olaya, Beatriz organization: Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu – sequence: 5 givenname: Josep Maria surname: Haro fullname: Haro, Josep Maria organization: University of Barcelona – sequence: 6 givenname: José Luis surname: Ayuso‐Mateos fullname: Ayuso‐Mateos, José Luis organization: Instituto de Salud Carlos III – sequence: 7 givenname: Marta orcidid: 0000-0003-3252-854X surname: Miret fullname: Miret, Marta email: marta.miret@uam.es organization: Instituto de Salud Carlos III
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31304639$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Objective This study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3‐year follow‐up period in middle‐ and older‐aged... This study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3-year follow-up period in middle- and older-aged adults.... ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3‐year follow‐up period in middle‐ and older‐aged... This study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3-year follow-up period in middle- and older-aged...
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StartPage	1613
SubjectTerms	Aged Aged, 80 and over Cognition & reasoning Cognitive ability Cognitive Dysfunction - physiopathology Cognitive Dysfunction - psychology cognitive function Female Geriatric psychiatry Humans Loneliness Loneliness - psychology Male Mental Recall - physiology Middle Aged older adults Population-based studies population‐based study Social interactions Social isolation Social Isolation - psychology Spain Verbal Learning - physiology
Title	Are loneliness and social isolation associated with cognitive decline?
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Volume	34
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