Application of solid-phase microextraction to in vitro skin permeation experiments: example using diethyl phthalate

The application of automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as a sample preparation technique for in vitro studies of skin permeation is described, using diethyl phthalate (DEP) as an example. In vitro diffusion cell experiments and skin–vehicle partition coefficient determinations require quant...

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Vydané v:	Toxicology in vitro Ročník 19; číslo 2; s. 253 - 259
Hlavní autori:	Frasch, H. Fred, Barbero, Ana M.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	England Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2005
Predmet:	Animals Chromatography, Gas Diffusion Environmental Pollutants - metabolism Gas chromatography methods Guinea Pigs Male Membrane vehicle partition coefficient Microchemistry - methods Organ Culture Techniques Permeability Phthalic acid diesters Phthalic Acids - metabolism Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Skin Absorption - physiology Specimen Handling - methods Time lag Membrane vehicle partition coefficient Gas chromatography methods Permeability Phthalic acid diesters Time lag
ISSN:	0887-2333, 1879-3177
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Abstract	The application of automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as a sample preparation technique for in vitro studies of skin permeation is described, using diethyl phthalate (DEP) as an example. In vitro diffusion cell experiments and skin–vehicle partition coefficient determinations require quantitative analysis of low-level analytes in aqueous samples. SPME is an ideal candidate for sample preparation for subsequent gas chromatographic analysis, offering numerous advantages over other methods. SPME conditions were optimized and the automated method was found to exhibit adequate sensitivity and good precision (relative standard deviation = 3%). Abdominal skin (dermatomed at 350 μm) from male hairless guinea pigs ( n = 6) was used to measure DEP skin permeation parameters. In vitro methods were employed to determine permeability coefficient ( k p), time lag ( τ) and skin–buffer partition coefficient ( K SB) for 2 mM DEP in HEPES buffered Hanks Balanced Salt Solution. Measurements (mean ± standard deviations) are: k p, 0.021 ± 0.012 cm/h; τ, 0.67 ± 0.18 h; K SB, 4.74 ± 0.68. The skin may be a significant route for the uptake of DEP.
AbstractList	The application of automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as a sample preparation technique for in vitro studies of skin permeation is described, using diethyl phthalate (DEP) as an example. In vitro diffusion cell experiments and skin-vehicle partition coefficient determinations require quantitative analysis of low-level analytes in aqueous samples. SPME is an ideal candidate for sample preparation for subsequent gas chromatographic analysis, offering numerous advantages over other methods. SPME conditions were optimized and the automated method was found to exhibit adequate sensitivity and good precision (relative standard deviation=3%). Abdominal skin (dermatomed at 350 microm) from male hairless guinea pigs (n=6) was used to measure DEP skin permeation parameters. In vitro methods were employed to determine permeability coefficient (k(p)), time lag (tau) and skin-buffer partition coefficient (K(SB)) for 2 mM DEP in HEPES buffered Hanks Balanced Salt Solution. Measurements (mean+/-standard deviations) are: k(p), 0.021+/-0.012 cm/h; tau, 0.67+/-0.18 h; K(SB), 4.74+/-0.68. The skin may be a significant route for the uptake of DEP.The application of automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as a sample preparation technique for in vitro studies of skin permeation is described, using diethyl phthalate (DEP) as an example. In vitro diffusion cell experiments and skin-vehicle partition coefficient determinations require quantitative analysis of low-level analytes in aqueous samples. SPME is an ideal candidate for sample preparation for subsequent gas chromatographic analysis, offering numerous advantages over other methods. SPME conditions were optimized and the automated method was found to exhibit adequate sensitivity and good precision (relative standard deviation=3%). Abdominal skin (dermatomed at 350 microm) from male hairless guinea pigs (n=6) was used to measure DEP skin permeation parameters. In vitro methods were employed to determine permeability coefficient (k(p)), time lag (tau) and skin-buffer partition coefficient (K(SB)) for 2 mM DEP in HEPES buffered Hanks Balanced Salt Solution. Measurements (mean+/-standard deviations) are: k(p), 0.021+/-0.012 cm/h; tau, 0.67+/-0.18 h; K(SB), 4.74+/-0.68. The skin may be a significant route for the uptake of DEP. The application of automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as a sample preparation technique for in vitro studies of skin permeation is described, using diethyl phthalate (DEP) as an example. In vitro diffusion cell experiments and skin-vehicle partition coefficient determinations require quantitative analysis of low-level analytes in aqueous samples. SPME is an ideal candidate for sample preparation for subsequent gas chromatographic analysis, offering numerous advantages over other methods. SPME conditions were optimized and the automated method was found to exhibit adequate sensitivity and good precision (relative standard deviation = 3%). Abdominal skin (dermatomed at 350 mu m) from male hairless guinea pigs (n = 6) was used to measure DEP skin permeation parameters. In vitro methods were employed to determine permeability coefficient (k sub(p)), time lag ( tau ) and skin-buffer partition coefficient (K sub(SB)) for 2 mM DEP in HEPES buffered Hanks Balanced Salt Solution. Measurements (mean plus or minus standard deviations) are: k sub(p), 0.021 plus or minus 0.012 cm/h; tau , 0.67 [plus-or- minus-sign] 0.18 h; K sub(SB), 4.74 plus or minus 0.68. The skin may be a significant route for the uptake of DEP. The application of automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as a sample preparation technique for in vitro studies of skin permeation is described, using diethyl phthalate (DEP) as an example. In vitro diffusion cell experiments and skin-vehicle partition coefficient determinations require quantitative analysis of low-level analytes in aqueous samples. SPME is an ideal candidate for sample preparation for subsequent gas chromatographic analysis, offering numerous advantages over other methods. SPME conditions were optimized and the automated method was found to exhibit adequate sensitivity and good precision (relative standard deviation=3%). Abdominal skin (dermatomed at 350 microm) from male hairless guinea pigs (n=6) was used to measure DEP skin permeation parameters. In vitro methods were employed to determine permeability coefficient (k(p)), time lag (tau) and skin-buffer partition coefficient (K(SB)) for 2 mM DEP in HEPES buffered Hanks Balanced Salt Solution. Measurements (mean+/-standard deviations) are: k(p), 0.021+/-0.012 cm/h; tau, 0.67+/-0.18 h; K(SB), 4.74+/-0.68. The skin may be a significant route for the uptake of DEP. The application of automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as a sample preparation technique for in vitro studies of skin permeation is described, using diethyl phthalate (DEP) as an example. In vitro diffusion cell experiments and skin–vehicle partition coefficient determinations require quantitative analysis of low-level analytes in aqueous samples. SPME is an ideal candidate for sample preparation for subsequent gas chromatographic analysis, offering numerous advantages over other methods. SPME conditions were optimized and the automated method was found to exhibit adequate sensitivity and good precision (relative standard deviation = 3%). Abdominal skin (dermatomed at 350 μm) from male hairless guinea pigs ( n = 6) was used to measure DEP skin permeation parameters. In vitro methods were employed to determine permeability coefficient ( k p), time lag ( τ) and skin–buffer partition coefficient ( K SB) for 2 mM DEP in HEPES buffered Hanks Balanced Salt Solution. Measurements (mean ± standard deviations) are: k p, 0.021 ± 0.012 cm/h; τ, 0.67 ± 0.18 h; K SB, 4.74 ± 0.68. The skin may be a significant route for the uptake of DEP.
Author	Barbero, Ana M. Frasch, H. Fred
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Cites_doi	10.1023/A:1015810312465 10.1016/0378-5173(84)90145-5 10.2307/3430564 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00195-1 10.1289/ehp.8774223 10.1016/0378-5173(92)90032-W 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01363-2 10.1006/faat.1994.1059 10.1111/0272-4332.00024 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00535-5 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00020-X 10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00124-1
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SubjectTerms	Animals Chromatography, Gas Diffusion Environmental Pollutants - metabolism Gas chromatography methods Guinea Pigs Male Membrane vehicle partition coefficient Microchemistry - methods Organ Culture Techniques Permeability Phthalic acid diesters Phthalic Acids - metabolism Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Skin Absorption - physiology Specimen Handling - methods Time lag
Title	Application of solid-phase microextraction to in vitro skin permeation experiments: example using diethyl phthalate
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