Optimizing time–cost trade-offs in product development projects with a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm

Time–cost trade-offs arise when organizations seek the fastest product development (PD) process subject to a predefined budget, or the lowest-cost PD process within a given project deadline. Most of the engineering and project management literature has addressed this trade-off problem solely in term...

Celý popis

Uložené v:

Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:	Research in engineering design Ročník 27; číslo 4; s. 347 - 366
Hlavní autori:	Meier, Christoph, Yassine, Ali A., Browning, Tyson R., Walter, Ulrich
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London Springer London 01.10.2016 Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	CAE) and Design Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD Engineering Engineering Design Evolutionary algorithms Genetic algorithms Iterative methods Multiple objective analysis Optimization Original Paper Pareto optimum Product development Project management Tradeoffs Overlapping Genetic algorithm Project management Time–cost trade-off Product development Iteration Crashing Work policy Optimization
ISSN:	0934-9839, 1435-6066
On-line prístup:	Získať plný text
Tagy:	Pridať tag Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!

Abstract	Time–cost trade-offs arise when organizations seek the fastest product development (PD) process subject to a predefined budget, or the lowest-cost PD process within a given project deadline. Most of the engineering and project management literature has addressed this trade-off problem solely in terms of crashing—options to trade cost for time at the individual activity level—and using acyclical networks. Previously (Meier et al. in IEEE Trans Eng Manag 62(2):237–255, 2015 ), we presented a rich model of the iterative (cyclical) PD process that accounts for crashing, overlapping, and stochastic activity durations and iterations. In this paper, we (1) propose an optimization strategy for the model based on a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, called ε -MOEA, which identifies the Pareto set of best time–cost trade-off solutions, and (2) demonstrate the approach using an automotive case study. We find that, in addition to crashing, activity overlapping, process architecture, and work policy provide further managerial levers for addressing the time–cost trade-off problem. In particular, managerial work policies guide process cost and duration into particular subsets of the Pareto-optimal solutions. No work policy appeared to be superior to the others in both the cost and duration dimensions; instead, a time–cost trade-off arises due to the choice of work policy. We conclude that it is essential for managers to consider all of the key factors in combination when planning and executing PD projects.
AbstractList	Time–cost trade-offs arise when organizations seek the fastest product development (PD) process subject to a predefined budget, or the lowest-cost PD process within a given project deadline. Most of the engineering and project management literature has addressed this trade-off problem solely in terms of crashing—options to trade cost for time at the individual activity level—and using acyclical networks. Previously (Meier et al. in IEEE Trans Eng Manag 62(2):237–255, 2015), we presented a rich model of the iterative (cyclical) PD process that accounts for crashing, overlapping, and stochastic activity durations and iterations. In this paper, we (1) propose an optimization strategy for the model based on a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, called ε-MOEA, which identifies the Pareto set of best time–cost trade-off solutions, and (2) demonstrate the approach using an automotive case study. We find that, in addition to crashing, activity overlapping, process architecture, and work policy provide further managerial levers for addressing the time–cost trade-off problem. In particular, managerial work policies guide process cost and duration into particular subsets of the Pareto-optimal solutions. No work policy appeared to be superior to the others in both the cost and duration dimensions; instead, a time–cost trade-off arises due to the choice of work policy. We conclude that it is essential for managers to consider all of the key factors in combination when planning and executing PD projects. Time–cost trade-offs arise when organizations seek the fastest product development (PD) process subject to a predefined budget, or the lowest-cost PD process within a given project deadline. Most of the engineering and project management literature has addressed this trade-off problem solely in terms of crashing—options to trade cost for time at the individual activity level—and using acyclical networks. Previously (Meier et al. in IEEE Trans Eng Manag 62(2):237–255, 2015 ), we presented a rich model of the iterative (cyclical) PD process that accounts for crashing, overlapping, and stochastic activity durations and iterations. In this paper, we (1) propose an optimization strategy for the model based on a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, called ε -MOEA, which identifies the Pareto set of best time–cost trade-off solutions, and (2) demonstrate the approach using an automotive case study. We find that, in addition to crashing, activity overlapping, process architecture, and work policy provide further managerial levers for addressing the time–cost trade-off problem. In particular, managerial work policies guide process cost and duration into particular subsets of the Pareto-optimal solutions. No work policy appeared to be superior to the others in both the cost and duration dimensions; instead, a time–cost trade-off arises due to the choice of work policy. We conclude that it is essential for managers to consider all of the key factors in combination when planning and executing PD projects.
Author	Meier, Christoph Yassine, Ali A. Browning, Tyson R. Walter, Ulrich
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Christoph surname: Meier fullname: Meier, Christoph organization: Institute of Astronautics, Technische Universität München – sequence: 2 givenname: Ali A. surname: Yassine fullname: Yassine, Ali A. email: ay11@aub.edu.lb organization: Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, American University of Beirut – sequence: 3 givenname: Tyson R. surname: Browning fullname: Browning, Tyson R. organization: Neeley School of Business, Texas Christian University – sequence: 4 givenname: Ulrich surname: Walter fullname: Walter, Ulrich organization: Institute of Astronautics, Technische Universität München
BookMark	eNp9kc9u1DAQxi1UJLYtD8DNEmfD2I7_7BFVhVaq1As9W4kzWbxK4sV2tqIn3oE35ElwtBxQJXoZj0a_b2Y83zk5m-OMhLzj8IEDmI8ZgGvJamAghGDmFdnwRiqmQeszsoGtbNjWyu0bcp7zHgC0VGJD4v2hhCk8hXlHa4K_f_7yMRdaUtsji8OQaZjpIcV-8YX2eMQxHiacy1rboy-ZPobyjbZ0WsYSWOzWYjgixWMclxLi3KYftB13MVVuuiSvh3bM-Pbve0EePl9_vbphd_dfbq8-3TEvrSisga1vrG4MKuyHZrBd0yndDdpyrj12xhrf9xKUBpCi561qBGgcvFamRQ_ygrw_9a1rfl8wF7ePS5rrSCeEFkqBtPYlilsLVhsDvFLmRPkUc044OB9Ku36tXimMjoNbPXAnD1wNbvXAmarkz5SHFKZ6kBc14qTJlZ13mP7Z6b-iP-X3nVg
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1007_s40996_020_00437_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00163_022_00394_z crossref_primary_10_1109_TEM_2019_2929660 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_242_6_062044 crossref_primary_10_1109_TEM_2019_2936287 crossref_primary_10_3846_tede_2019_8422 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11047_018_9722_x crossref_primary_10_1080_00207543_2025_2456597 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autcon_2018_11_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejor_2023_11_014 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_technovation_2021_102239 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_cs_1597 crossref_primary_10_1177_1063293X20957994 crossref_primary_10_1080_00207543_2018_1552371 crossref_primary_10_1111_poms_13907 crossref_primary_10_3390_su13115795
Cites_doi	10.1016/0377-2217(94)00187-H 10.1109/TEM.2008.927786 10.1287/mnsc.43.3.276 10.1111/j.1937-5956.2007.tb00177.x 10.1007/s00163-009-0082-5 10.1007/BF01720705 10.1162/evco.1994.2.3.221 10.1007/s00163-015-0205-0 10.1002/net.20153 10.1109/3468.650319 10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00262-8 10.1177/1063293X06072482 10.1007/978-1-4615-0807-6 10.1016/S0263-7863(01)00022-9 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00394-1 10.1109/17.946528 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00393-X 10.1287/opre.48.6.858.12396 10.1109/TEM.2009.2032032 10.1109/TEM.2015.2411514 10.1109/TEVC.2004.826067 10.1080/014461999371655 10.1109/4235.996017 10.1287/opre.1040.0125 10.1109/4235.585893 10.1115/1.2717224 10.1162/106365602760234108 10.1016/0360-8352(94)00199-W 10.1109/TEM.2005.850722 10.1162/106365602760234117 10.1016/j.ejor.2004.04.002 10.1177/106329303034503 10.1109/TEM.2009.2033144 10.1115/1.2216730 10.1016/j.ejor.2009.11.005 10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.11.018 10.1287/mnsc.47.1.1.10668 10.1287/mnsc.43.4.437 10.1287/mnsc.41.3.458 10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00204-5 10.1016/S0142-694X(98)00018-0 10.1016/j.omega.2006.05.001 10.1109/TEM.2002.806709 10.1162/106365605774666895 10.1007/978-3-319-05915-0_7 10.1115/DETC2004-57159 10.1007/3-540-36970-8_16 10.1115/DETC98/DAC-5799 10.1145/324138.324148 10.1016/B978-0-08-050684-5.50008-2 10.1109/CEC.2000.870756 10.1111/deci.12172 10.1007/978-3-319-05915-0_9 10.7551/mitpress/8896.001.0001 10.1115/DETC2000/DTM-14547 10.1109/PICMET.2009.5261996 10.1007/978-1-4757-5184-0 10.1007/978-3-319-05443-8_30
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Springer-Verlag London 2016 Copyright Springer Science & Business Media 2016 Research in Engineering Design is a copyright of Springer, (2016). All Rights Reserved.
Copyright_xml	– notice: Springer-Verlag London 2016 – notice: Copyright Springer Science & Business Media 2016 – notice: Research in Engineering Design is a copyright of Springer, (2016). All Rights Reserved.
DBID	AAYXX CITATION 8FE 8FG ABJCF AFKRA BENPR BGLVJ CCPQU DWQXO HCIFZ L6V M7S PHGZM PHGZT PKEHL PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PTHSS
DOI	10.1007/s00163-016-0222-7
DatabaseName	CrossRef ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Technology collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Engineering Collection Engineering Database Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Engineering Collection
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Engineering Database Technology Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Engineering Collection ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central (New) Engineering Collection ProQuest One Academic (New)
DatabaseTitleList	Engineering Database
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central Database Suite (ProQuest) url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering
EISSN	1435-6066
EndPage	366
ExternalDocumentID	10_1007_s00163_016_0222_7
GroupedDBID	-5B -5G -BR -EM -Y2 -~C -~X .86 .VR 06D 0R~ 0VY 123 199 1N0 1SB 203 28- 29P 29~ 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2KM 2LR 2P1 2VQ 2~H 30V 4.4 406 408 409 40D 40E 5QI 5VS 67Z 6NX 78A 8FE 8FG 8TC 8UJ 95- 95. 95~ 96X AAAVM AABHQ AACDK AAHNG AAIAL AAJBT AAJKR AANZL AARHV AARTL AASML AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAYIU AAYQN AAYTO AAYZH ABAKF ABBBX ABBXA ABDBF ABDZT ABECU ABFTD ABFTV ABHLI ABHQN ABJCF ABJNI ABJOX ABKCH ABKTR ABMNI ABMQK ABNWP ABQBU ABQSL ABSXP ABTAH ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTMW ABULA ABWNU ABXPI ACAOD ACBXY ACDTI ACGFS ACHSB ACHXU ACIWK ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACOKC ACOMO ACPIV ACSNA ACUHS ACZOJ ADHHG ADHIR ADIMF ADINQ ADKNI ADKPE ADMLS ADRFC ADTPH ADURQ ADYFF ADZKW AEBTG AEFIE AEFQL AEGAL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEMSY AENEX AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AETLH AEVLU AEXYK AFBBN AFEXP AFFNX AFGCZ AFKRA AFLOW AFQWF AFWTZ AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGGDS AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGRTI AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAVH AHBYD AHSBF AHYZX AIAKS AIGIU AIIXL AILAN AITGF AJBLW AJRNO AJZVZ ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALWAN AMKLP AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR AOCGG ARCEE ARMRJ ASPBG AVWKF AXYYD AYJHY AZFZN B-. B0M BA0 BBWZM BDATZ BENPR BGLVJ BGNMA BSONS CAG CCPQU COF CS3 CSCUP DDRTE DL5 DNIVK DPUIP DU5 EAD EAP EBLON EBS EIOEI EJD EMK EPL ESBYG EST ESX FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNWQR GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GXS H13 HCIFZ HF~ HG5 HG6 HMJXF HQYDN HRMNR HVGLF HZ~ I-F I09 IHE IJ- IKXTQ ITM IWAJR IXC IZIGR IZQ I~X I~Z J-C J0Z JBSCW JCJTX JZLTJ KDC KOV KOW L6V LAS LLZTM M4Y M7S MA- MK~ N2Q N9A NB0 NDZJH NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O9- O93 O9G O9I O9J OAM P19 P2P P9P PF0 PT4 PT5 PTHSS QOK QOS R4E R89 R9I RHV RIG RNI RNS ROL RPX RSV RZK S16 S1Z S26 S27 S28 S3B SAP SCLPG SCV SDH SDM SEG SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW STPWE SZN T13 T16 TN5 TSG TSK TSV TUC TUS U2A UG4 UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW W23 W48 WK8 YLTOR Z45 Z7R Z7S Z7X Z7Z Z83 Z88 Z8M Z8N Z8T Z8W Z92 ZMTXR ZY4 _50 ~8M ~EX AAPKM AAYXX ABBRH ABDBE ABFSG ABRTQ ACSTC ADHKG AEZWR AFDZB AFFHD AFHIU AFOHR AGQPQ AHPBZ AHWEU AIXLP ATHPR AYFIA CITATION PHGZM PHGZT PQGLB DWQXO PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-409c48647e5edf4f8b4b56bf68116ceb787cdd30560032d1a54206efc657aec03
IEDL.DBID	BENPR
ISICitedReferencesCount	18
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000385149200004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	0934-9839
IngestDate	Tue Nov 04 22:08:20 EST 2025 Tue Nov 04 16:25:51 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:11:08 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 03:38:55 EST 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:37:44 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	4
Keywords	Overlapping Genetic algorithm Project management Time–cost trade-off Product development Iteration Crashing Work policy Optimization
Language	English
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c382t-409c48647e5edf4f8b4b56bf68116ceb787cdd30560032d1a54206efc657aec03
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
PQID	2262550388
PQPubID	2043740
PageCount	20
ParticipantIDs	proquest_journals_2262550388 proquest_journals_1880867701 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s00163_016_0222_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00163_016_0222_7 springer_journals_10_1007_s00163_016_0222_7
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2016-10-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2016-10-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 10 year: 2016 text: 2016-10-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	London
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: London – name: New York
PublicationTitle	Research in engineering design
PublicationTitleAbbrev	Res Eng Design
PublicationYear	2016
Publisher	Springer London Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml	– name: Springer London – name: Springer Nature B.V
References	Kline (CR38) 1985; 28 Meier, Yassine, Browning (CR47) 2007; 129 Gerk, Qassim (CR26) 2008; 55 Wolpert, Macready (CR61) 1997; 1 Yassine, Braha (CR62) 2003; 11 CR33 Doerner, Gutjahr, Hartl, Strauss, Stummer (CR023) 2008; 36 Lévárdy, Browning (CR44) 2009; 56 Knjazew (CR39) 2002 Baldwin, Austin, Hassan, Thorpe (CR3) 1999; 17 Eppinger, Browning (CR23) 2012 Goldberg (CR27) 1989 Fonseca, Fleming (CR24) 1998; 28 Karniel, Reich (CR37) 2009; 56 Hanne (CR30) 1999; 117 Nasr, Yassine, Abou Kasm (CR49) 2015; 27 Tavares, Ferreira, Coelho (CR59) 2002; 20 Coverstone-Carroll, Hartmann, Mason (CR16) 2000; 186 Deb, Pratap, Agarwal, Meyarivan (CR19) 2002; 6 Brucker, Drexl, Mohring, Neumann, Pesch (CR10) 1999; 112 Meier, Browning, Yassine, Walter (CR48) 2015; 62 Poloni, Giurgevich, Onesti, Pediroda (CR50) 2000; 186 Helbig, Pateva (CR34) 1994; 16 Coello, Pulido, Lechuga (CR013) 2004; 8 CR9 Shaja, Sudhakar (CR55) 2010; 21 CR46 Huang, Chen (CR36) 2006; 14 CR45 Krishnan, Ulrich (CR40) 2001; 47 Adler, Mandelbaum, Nguyen, Schwerer (CR2) 1995; 41 Cohen, Golany, Shtub (CR14) 2007; 49 Laumanns, Thiele, Deb, Zitzler (CR43) 2002; 10 Browning, Ramasesh (CR8) 2007; 16 Browning, Eppinger (CR7) 2002; 49 Krishnan, Eppinger, Whitney (CR41) 1997; 43 CR13 CR11 Deb (CR18) 2009 CR54 CR53 Herroelen, Leus (CR35) 2005; 165 Hartmann, Briskorn (CR31) 2010; 207 De, Dunne, Ghosh, Wells (CR17) 1995; 81 Roemer, Ahmadi (CR51) 2004; 52 Roemer, Ahmadi, Wang (CR52) 2000; 48 Berthaut, Pellerin, Perrier, Hajji (CR5) 2014; 6 Cho, Eppinger (CR12) 2005; 52 CR29 CR28 Deb, Mohan, Mishra (CR21) 2005; 13 Cooper (CR15) 1993; 24 Deckro, Hebert, Verdini, Grimsrud, Venkateshwar (CR22) 1995; 28 CR25 Smith, Eppinger (CR56) 1997; 43 CR66 Abdelsalam, Bao (CR1) 2007; 129 Hazır, Erel, Günalay (CR32) 2011; 130 Smith, Morrow (CR57) 1999; 20 CR65 CR20 CR64 CR63 Srinivas, Deb (CR58) 1994; 2 CR60 Kumar, Rockett (CR42) 2002; 10 Browning (CR6) 2001; 48 Bean (CR4) 1994; 6 222_CR25 222_CR66 222_CR65 222_CR20 222_CR64 V Coverstone-Carroll (222_CR16) 2000; 186 222_CR63 P Adler (222_CR2) 1995; 41 222_CR60 SD Eppinger (222_CR23) 2012 S-H Cho (222_CR12) 2005; 52 T Hanne (222_CR30) 1999; 117 AN Baldwin (222_CR3) 1999; 17 A Karniel (222_CR37) 2009; 56 222_CR33 JEV Gerk (222_CR26) 2008; 55 P Brucker (222_CR10) 1999; 112 K Deb (222_CR19) 2002; 6 V Lévárdy (222_CR44) 2009; 56 TA Roemer (222_CR51) 2004; 52 HME Abdelsalam (222_CR1) 2007; 129 W Herroelen (222_CR35) 2005; 165 SJ Kline (222_CR38) 1985; 28 S Hartmann (222_CR31) 2010; 207 C Meier (222_CR47) 2007; 129 F Berthaut (222_CR5) 2014; 6 DH Wolpert (222_CR61) 1997; 1 222_CR29 222_CR28 I Cohen (222_CR14) 2007; 49 DE Goldberg (222_CR27) 1989 RP Smith (222_CR56) 1997; 43 222_CR46 RP Smith (222_CR57) 1999; 20 D Knjazew (222_CR39) 2002 222_CR45 TR Browning (222_CR6) 2001; 48 CM Fonseca (222_CR24) 1998; 28 AS Shaja (222_CR55) 2010; 21 P De (222_CR17) 1995; 81 A Yassine (222_CR62) 2003; 11 Ö Hazır (222_CR32) 2011; 130 C Meier (222_CR48) 2015; 62 M Laumanns (222_CR43) 2002; 10 N Srinivas (222_CR58) 1994; 2 V Krishnan (222_CR41) 1997; 43 K Deb (222_CR21) 2005; 13 E Huang (222_CR36) 2006; 14 RF Deckro (222_CR22) 1995; 28 222_CR13 222_CR11 222_CR54 222_CR53 KF Doerner (222_CR023) 2008; 36 C Poloni (222_CR50) 2000; 186 JC Bean (222_CR4) 1994; 6 222_CR9 W Nasr (222_CR49) 2015; 27 CAC Coello (222_CR013) 2004; 8 TR Browning (222_CR8) 2007; 16 S Helbig (222_CR34) 1994; 16 TR Browning (222_CR7) 2002; 49 V Krishnan (222_CR40) 2001; 47 R Kumar (222_CR42) 2002; 10 VL Tavares (222_CR59) 2002; 20 KG Cooper (222_CR15) 1993; 24 K Deb (222_CR18) 2009 TA Roemer (222_CR52) 2000; 48
References_xml	– volume: 6 start-page: 154 issue: 2 year: 1994 end-page: 160 ident: CR4 article-title: Genetic algorithms and random keys for sequencing and optimization publication-title: J Comput – ident: CR45 – volume: 81 start-page: 225 year: 1995 end-page: 238 ident: CR17 article-title: The discrete time-cost trade off problem revisited publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(94)00187-H – volume: 55 start-page: 590 issue: 4 year: 2008 end-page: 601 ident: CR26 article-title: Project acceleration via activity crashing, overlapping, and substitution publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manag doi: 10.1109/TEM.2008.927786 – volume: 43 start-page: 276 issue: 3 year: 1997 end-page: 293 ident: CR56 article-title: Identifying controlling features of engineering design iteration publication-title: Manag Sci doi: 10.1287/mnsc.43.3.276 – volume: 16 start-page: 217 issue: 2 year: 2007 end-page: 240 ident: CR8 article-title: A survey of activity network-based process models for managing product development projects publication-title: Prod Oper Manag doi: 10.1111/j.1937-5956.2007.tb00177.x – volume: 21 start-page: 173 issue: 3 year: 2010 end-page: 187 ident: CR55 article-title: Optimized sequencing of analysis components in multidisciplinary systems publication-title: Res Eng Des doi: 10.1007/s00163-009-0082-5 – volume: 16 start-page: 179 issue: 3 year: 1994 end-page: 186 ident: CR34 article-title: On several concepts for -efficiency publication-title: OR Spektrum doi: 10.1007/BF01720705 – year: 1989 ident: CR27 publication-title: Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning – volume: 28 start-page: 36 issue: 2 year: 1985 end-page: 45 ident: CR38 article-title: Innovation is not a linear process publication-title: Res Manag – ident: CR29 – ident: CR54 – volume: 2 start-page: 221 issue: 3 year: 1994 end-page: 248 ident: CR58 article-title: Multiobjective optimization using nondominated sorting in genetic algorithms publication-title: Evol Comput doi: 10.1162/evco.1994.2.3.221 – volume: 27 start-page: 55 issue: 1 year: 2015 end-page: 71 ident: CR49 article-title: An analytical approach to estimate the expected duration and variance for iterative product development projects publication-title: Res Eng Des doi: 10.1007/s00163-015-0205-0 – volume: 49 start-page: 175 issue: 2 year: 2007 end-page: 188 ident: CR14 article-title: The stochastic time–cost tradeoff problem: a robust optimization approach publication-title: Networks doi: 10.1002/net.20153 – ident: CR25 – volume: 28 start-page: 26 issue: 1 year: 1998 end-page: 37 ident: CR24 article-title: Multiobjective optimization and multiple constraint handling with evolutionary algorithms-part1: a unified formulation publication-title: IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet Part A Syst Hum doi: 10.1109/3468.650319 – volume: 117 start-page: 553 issue: 3 year: 1999 end-page: 564 ident: CR30 article-title: On the convergence of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00262-8 – ident: CR46 – volume: 14 start-page: 329 issue: 4 year: 2006 end-page: 341 ident: CR36 article-title: Estimation of project completion time and factors analysis for concurrent engineering project management: a simulation approach publication-title: Concurr Eng doi: 10.1177/1063293X06072482 – year: 2002 ident: CR39 publication-title: OmeGA: a competent genetic algorithm for solving permutation and scheduling problems doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0807-6 – volume: 24 start-page: 17 issue: 1 year: 1993 end-page: 21 ident: CR15 article-title: The rework cycle: benchmarks for the project manager publication-title: Proj Manag J – volume: 20 start-page: 475 issue: 6 year: 2002 end-page: 485 ident: CR59 article-title: A comparative morphologic analysis of benchmark sets of project networks publication-title: Int J Project Manag doi: 10.1016/S0263-7863(01)00022-9 – volume: 186 start-page: 403 issue: 2–4 year: 2000 end-page: 420 ident: CR50 article-title: Hybridization of a multi-objective genetic algorithm, a neural network and a classical optimizer for complex design problems in fluid dynamics publication-title: Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng doi: 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00394-1 – volume: 48 start-page: 292 issue: 3 year: 2001 end-page: 306 ident: CR6 article-title: Applying the design structure matrix to system decomposition and integration problems: a review and new directions publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manag doi: 10.1109/17.946528 – volume: 186 start-page: 387 issue: 2–4 year: 2000 end-page: 402 ident: CR16 article-title: Optimal multi-objective low-thrust spacecraft trajectories publication-title: Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng doi: 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00393-X – volume: 48 start-page: 858 issue: 6 year: 2000 end-page: 865 ident: CR52 article-title: Time-cost trade-offs in overlapped product development publication-title: Oper Res doi: 10.1287/opre.48.6.858.12396 – volume: 56 start-page: 636 issue: 4 year: 2009 end-page: 649 ident: CR37 article-title: From DSM based planning to design process simulation: a review of process scheme verification issues publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manag doi: 10.1109/TEM.2009.2032032 – volume: 62 start-page: 237 issue: 2 year: 2015 end-page: 255 ident: CR48 article-title: The cost of speed: work policies for crashing and overlapping in product development projects publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manag doi: 10.1109/TEM.2015.2411514 – ident: CR11 – ident: CR9 – ident: CR60 – volume: 8 start-page: 256 issue: 3 year: 2004 end-page: 279 ident: CR013 article-title: Handling multiple objectives with particle swarm optimization publication-title: Evol Comput IEEE Trans doi: 10.1109/TEVC.2004.826067 – volume: 17 start-page: 155 year: 1999 end-page: 167 ident: CR3 article-title: Modelling information flow during the conceptual and schematic stages of building design publication-title: Constr Manag Econ doi: 10.1080/014461999371655 – ident: CR64 – volume: 6 start-page: 182 issue: 2 year: 2002 end-page: 197 ident: CR19 article-title: A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II publication-title: IEEE Trans Evol Comput doi: 10.1109/4235.996017 – volume: 52 start-page: 606 issue: 4 year: 2004 end-page: 622 ident: CR51 article-title: Concurrent crashing and overlapping in product development publication-title: Oper Res doi: 10.1287/opre.1040.0125 – volume: 1 start-page: 67 issue: 1 year: 1997 end-page: 82 ident: CR61 article-title: No free lunch theorems for search publication-title: IEEE Trans Evol Comput doi: 10.1109/4235.585893 – volume: 6 start-page: 215 issue: 3 year: 2014 end-page: 236 ident: CR5 article-title: Time-cost trade-offs in resource-constraint project scheduling problems with overlapping modes publication-title: Int J Proj Organ Manag – volume: 129 start-page: 566 issue: 6 year: 2007 end-page: 585 ident: CR47 article-title: Design process sequencing with competent genetic algorithms publication-title: J Mech Des doi: 10.1115/1.2717224 – volume: 10 start-page: 263 issue: 3 year: 2002 end-page: 282 ident: CR43 article-title: Combining convergence and diversity in evolutionary multiobjective optimization publication-title: Evol Comput doi: 10.1162/106365602760234108 – ident: CR66 – volume: 28 start-page: 219 issue: 2 year: 1995 end-page: 229 ident: CR22 article-title: Nonlinear time/cost tradeoff models in project management publication-title: Comput Ind Eng doi: 10.1016/0360-8352(94)00199-W – year: 2012 ident: CR23 publication-title: Design structure matrix methods and applications – volume: 52 start-page: 316 issue: 3 year: 2005 end-page: 328 ident: CR12 article-title: A simulation-based process model for managing complex design projects publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manage doi: 10.1109/TEM.2005.850722 – volume: 10 start-page: 283 issue: 3 year: 2002 end-page: 314 ident: CR42 article-title: Improved sampling of the pareto-front in multiobjective genetic optimizations by steady-state evolution: a pareto converging genetic algorithm publication-title: Evol Comput doi: 10.1162/106365602760234117 – ident: CR53 – volume: 165 start-page: 289 year: 2005 end-page: 306 ident: CR35 article-title: Project scheduling under uncertainty: survey and research potentials publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2004.04.002 – volume: 11 start-page: 165 issue: 3 year: 2003 end-page: 176 ident: CR62 article-title: Complex concurrent engineering and the design structure matrix method publication-title: Concurr Eng Res Appl doi: 10.1177/106329303034503 – year: 2009 ident: CR18 publication-title: Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms – ident: CR33 – volume: 56 start-page: 600 issue: 4 year: 2009 end-page: 620 ident: CR44 article-title: An adaptive process model to support product development project management publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manag doi: 10.1109/TEM.2009.2033144 – volume: 129 start-page: 150 issue: 2 year: 2007 end-page: 157 ident: CR1 article-title: Re-sequencing of design processes with activity stochastic time and cost: an optimization-simulation approach publication-title: J Mech Des doi: 10.1115/1.2216730 – volume: 207 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2010 end-page: 14 ident: CR31 article-title: A survey of variants and extensions of the resource-constrained project scheduling problem publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2009.11.005 – ident: CR63 – volume: 130 start-page: 87 issue: 1 year: 2011 end-page: 95 ident: CR32 article-title: Robust optimization models for the discrete time/cost trade-off problem publication-title: Int J Prod Econ doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.11.018 – volume: 47 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2001 end-page: 21 ident: CR40 article-title: Product development decisions: a review of the literature publication-title: Manag Sci doi: 10.1287/mnsc.47.1.1.10668 – volume: 43 start-page: 437 issue: 4 year: 1997 end-page: 451 ident: CR41 article-title: A model-based framework to overlap product development activities publication-title: Manag Sci doi: 10.1287/mnsc.43.4.437 – ident: CR65 – ident: CR13 – volume: 41 start-page: 458 issue: 3 year: 1995 end-page: 484 ident: CR2 article-title: From project to process management: an empirically-based framework for analyzing product development time publication-title: Manag Sci doi: 10.1287/mnsc.41.3.458 – volume: 112 start-page: 3 year: 1999 end-page: 41 ident: CR10 article-title: Resource-constrained project scheduling: notation, classification, models, and methods publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00204-5 – volume: 20 start-page: 237 issue: 3 year: 1999 end-page: 261 ident: CR57 article-title: Product development process modeling publication-title: Des Stud doi: 10.1016/S0142-694X(98)00018-0 – volume: 36 start-page: 1019 issue: 6 year: 2008 end-page: 1037 ident: CR023 article-title: Nature-inspired metaheuristics for multiobjective activity crashing publication-title: Omega doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2006.05.001 – volume: 49 start-page: 428 issue: 4 year: 2002 end-page: 442 ident: CR7 article-title: Modeling impacts of process architecture on cost and schedule risk in product development publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manage doi: 10.1109/TEM.2002.806709 – ident: CR28 – volume: 13 start-page: 501 issue: 4 year: 2005 end-page: 525 ident: CR21 article-title: Evaluating the ε-domination based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for a quick computation of Pareto-optimal solutions publication-title: Evol Comput doi: 10.1162/106365605774666895 – ident: CR20 – volume: 47 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2001 ident: 222_CR40 publication-title: Manag Sci doi: 10.1287/mnsc.47.1.1.10668 – ident: 222_CR11 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-05915-0_7 – volume: 36 start-page: 1019 issue: 6 year: 2008 ident: 222_CR023 publication-title: Omega doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2006.05.001 – volume: 81 start-page: 225 year: 1995 ident: 222_CR17 publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(94)00187-H – volume: 112 start-page: 3 year: 1999 ident: 222_CR10 publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00204-5 – volume: 48 start-page: 292 issue: 3 year: 2001 ident: 222_CR6 publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manag doi: 10.1109/17.946528 – volume: 2 start-page: 221 issue: 3 year: 1994 ident: 222_CR58 publication-title: Evol Comput doi: 10.1162/evco.1994.2.3.221 – ident: 222_CR65 doi: 10.1115/DETC2004-57159 – volume: 21 start-page: 173 issue: 3 year: 2010 ident: 222_CR55 publication-title: Res Eng Des doi: 10.1007/s00163-009-0082-5 – volume: 43 start-page: 437 issue: 4 year: 1997 ident: 222_CR41 publication-title: Manag Sci doi: 10.1287/mnsc.43.4.437 – ident: 222_CR20 doi: 10.1007/3-540-36970-8_16 – volume-title: Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning year: 1989 ident: 222_CR27 – ident: 222_CR25 doi: 10.1115/DETC98/DAC-5799 – volume: 52 start-page: 316 issue: 3 year: 2005 ident: 222_CR12 publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manage doi: 10.1109/TEM.2005.850722 – volume: 28 start-page: 219 issue: 2 year: 1995 ident: 222_CR22 publication-title: Comput Ind Eng doi: 10.1016/0360-8352(94)00199-W – volume: 56 start-page: 636 issue: 4 year: 2009 ident: 222_CR37 publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manag doi: 10.1109/TEM.2009.2032032 – ident: 222_CR64 – volume: 24 start-page: 17 issue: 1 year: 1993 ident: 222_CR15 publication-title: Proj Manag J – volume: 117 start-page: 553 issue: 3 year: 1999 ident: 222_CR30 publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00262-8 – volume: 20 start-page: 237 issue: 3 year: 1999 ident: 222_CR57 publication-title: Des Stud doi: 10.1016/S0142-694X(98)00018-0 – volume: 129 start-page: 150 issue: 2 year: 2007 ident: 222_CR1 publication-title: J Mech Des doi: 10.1115/1.2216730 – volume: 16 start-page: 217 issue: 2 year: 2007 ident: 222_CR8 publication-title: Prod Oper Manag doi: 10.1111/j.1937-5956.2007.tb00177.x – volume: 6 start-page: 154 issue: 2 year: 1994 ident: 222_CR4 publication-title: J Comput – volume: 130 start-page: 87 issue: 1 year: 2011 ident: 222_CR32 publication-title: Int J Prod Econ doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.11.018 – volume: 55 start-page: 590 issue: 4 year: 2008 ident: 222_CR26 publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manag doi: 10.1109/TEM.2008.927786 – ident: 222_CR54 doi: 10.1145/324138.324148 – ident: 222_CR28 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-050684-5.50008-2 – volume: 186 start-page: 387 issue: 2–4 year: 2000 ident: 222_CR16 publication-title: Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng doi: 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00393-X – volume: 1 start-page: 67 issue: 1 year: 1997 ident: 222_CR61 publication-title: IEEE Trans Evol Comput doi: 10.1109/4235.585893 – volume: 52 start-page: 606 issue: 4 year: 2004 ident: 222_CR51 publication-title: Oper Res doi: 10.1287/opre.1040.0125 – volume: 20 start-page: 475 issue: 6 year: 2002 ident: 222_CR59 publication-title: Int J Project Manag doi: 10.1016/S0263-7863(01)00022-9 – volume: 17 start-page: 155 year: 1999 ident: 222_CR3 publication-title: Constr Manag Econ doi: 10.1080/014461999371655 – volume: 28 start-page: 26 issue: 1 year: 1998 ident: 222_CR24 publication-title: IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet Part A Syst Hum doi: 10.1109/3468.650319 – ident: 222_CR53 doi: 10.1109/CEC.2000.870756 – ident: 222_CR9 doi: 10.1111/deci.12172 – volume: 56 start-page: 600 issue: 4 year: 2009 ident: 222_CR44 publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manag doi: 10.1109/TEM.2009.2033144 – ident: 222_CR46 – volume: 28 start-page: 36 issue: 2 year: 1985 ident: 222_CR38 publication-title: Res Manag – volume: 14 start-page: 329 issue: 4 year: 2006 ident: 222_CR36 publication-title: Concurr Eng doi: 10.1177/1063293X06072482 – volume: 186 start-page: 403 issue: 2–4 year: 2000 ident: 222_CR50 publication-title: Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng doi: 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00394-1 – volume: 62 start-page: 237 issue: 2 year: 2015 ident: 222_CR48 publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manag doi: 10.1109/TEM.2015.2411514 – volume: 129 start-page: 566 issue: 6 year: 2007 ident: 222_CR47 publication-title: J Mech Des doi: 10.1115/1.2717224 – ident: 222_CR33 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-05915-0_9 – volume: 6 start-page: 215 issue: 3 year: 2014 ident: 222_CR5 publication-title: Int J Proj Organ Manag – volume: 13 start-page: 501 issue: 4 year: 2005 ident: 222_CR21 publication-title: Evol Comput doi: 10.1162/106365605774666895 – volume: 207 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2010 ident: 222_CR31 publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2009.11.005 – volume: 48 start-page: 858 issue: 6 year: 2000 ident: 222_CR52 publication-title: Oper Res doi: 10.1287/opre.48.6.858.12396 – volume: 6 start-page: 182 issue: 2 year: 2002 ident: 222_CR19 publication-title: IEEE Trans Evol Comput doi: 10.1109/4235.996017 – volume-title: Design structure matrix methods and applications year: 2012 ident: 222_CR23 doi: 10.7551/mitpress/8896.001.0001 – volume: 10 start-page: 283 issue: 3 year: 2002 ident: 222_CR42 publication-title: Evol Comput doi: 10.1162/106365602760234117 – volume: 8 start-page: 256 issue: 3 year: 2004 ident: 222_CR013 publication-title: Evol Comput IEEE Trans doi: 10.1109/TEVC.2004.826067 – volume-title: Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms year: 2009 ident: 222_CR18 – volume: 16 start-page: 179 issue: 3 year: 1994 ident: 222_CR34 publication-title: OR Spektrum doi: 10.1007/BF01720705 – volume: 10 start-page: 263 issue: 3 year: 2002 ident: 222_CR43 publication-title: Evol Comput doi: 10.1162/106365602760234108 – volume: 11 start-page: 165 issue: 3 year: 2003 ident: 222_CR62 publication-title: Concurr Eng Res Appl doi: 10.1177/106329303034503 – ident: 222_CR63 doi: 10.1115/DETC2000/DTM-14547 – ident: 222_CR66 – volume: 49 start-page: 428 issue: 4 year: 2002 ident: 222_CR7 publication-title: IEEE Trans Eng Manage doi: 10.1109/TEM.2002.806709 – volume: 49 start-page: 175 issue: 2 year: 2007 ident: 222_CR14 publication-title: Networks doi: 10.1002/net.20153 – ident: 222_CR29 – ident: 222_CR45 doi: 10.1109/PICMET.2009.5261996 – volume: 41 start-page: 458 issue: 3 year: 1995 ident: 222_CR2 publication-title: Manag Sci doi: 10.1287/mnsc.41.3.458 – ident: 222_CR13 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-5184-0 – volume-title: OmeGA: a competent genetic algorithm for solving permutation and scheduling problems year: 2002 ident: 222_CR39 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0807-6 – volume: 43 start-page: 276 issue: 3 year: 1997 ident: 222_CR56 publication-title: Manag Sci doi: 10.1287/mnsc.43.3.276 – volume: 165 start-page: 289 year: 2005 ident: 222_CR35 publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2004.04.002 – volume: 27 start-page: 55 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: 222_CR49 publication-title: Res Eng Des doi: 10.1007/s00163-015-0205-0 – ident: 222_CR60 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-05443-8_30
SSID	ssj0006352
Score	2.207844
Snippet	Time–cost trade-offs arise when organizations seek the fastest product development (PD) process subject to a predefined budget, or the lowest-cost PD process...
SourceID	proquest crossref springer
SourceType	Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher
StartPage	347
SubjectTerms	CAE) and Design Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD Engineering Engineering Design Evolutionary algorithms Genetic algorithms Iterative methods Multiple objective analysis Optimization Original Paper Pareto optimum Product development Project management Tradeoffs
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: Springer Online Journals dbid: RSV link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3JTsMwELWgcIADO6JQkA-cQJGyOvERISoOqCA29RY5jo2K2qRKQiU48Q_8IV_C2FlaECDBMYmdRPZszzN-RugQdIgwO-ZGwBzHcAVgVgowwhDM9qRtSpdKTZl_4fd6Qb9Pr6p93Hld7V6nJLWlbja7qehE1f6oollAUP48WgBvFyhtvL65b8wveFCdOqCOa1Bw_3Uq87tXfHZG0wjzS1JU-5ru6r_-cg2tVKElPillYR3NiWQDLc8QDm6i9BIsxGjwAhdYnSr__vrG07zARcZiYaRS5niQ4HHJAovjaUERrlZscqwWbjHDuhDRSKPH0mBiMalkmGXPmA0f0gzajbbQXffs9vTcqI5cMLgT2AWgScrdgLi-8EQsXRlEbuSRSJLAsggXEag3j2MFO8Aa2LHFPNc2iZCceD4T3HS2UStJE7GDsMksC24QGll6vyzllIoAJMMBDOg7pI3MeuxDXvGRq2MxhmHDpKzHMlQ1aGosQ7-Njpou45KM47fGnXpCw0ov81CxzykGP9P69jHEogCxFEFOGx3X8zvT-6dv7f6p9R5aspWA6JLADmoV2ZPYR4t8Ugzy7EBL8wc17-7_ priority: 102 providerName: Springer Nature
Title	Optimizing time–cost trade-offs in product development projects with a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00163-016-0222-7 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1880867701 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2262550388
Volume	27
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000385149200004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Engineering Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1435-6066 dateEnd: 20241207 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0006352 issn: 0934-9839 databaseCode: M7S dateStart: 19970301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central Database Suite (ProQuest) customDbUrl: eissn: 1435-6066 dateEnd: 20241207 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0006352 issn: 0934-9839 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 19970301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLink Contemporary customDbUrl: eissn: 1435-6066 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0006352 issn: 0934-9839 databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwEB7BlgMcyltsWyofOIEs4sRx4hMC1IoDWqoWUG-R49hlUbtZNqESnPgP_EN-SWe8zm5B0AuXSHk4sTTj8Ty-fAPwBNeQMmljeWmyjEuHMavGMII7k-Y-TbzUPlDmvy0mk_L4WB_EhFsXYZWDTQyGumkt5cifo5uA3i9xl7yYf-HUNYqqq7GFxnXYIKYyOYKNV3uTg8OVLcbtNNQRdCa5Rl9gqGsmgUZUUA1TEAgXI7Li951p7W7-USENG8_-7f-d8h3YjC4ne7nUkbtwzc3uwa1LRIT3oX2HluNs-h1PGHWb__Xjp227nvUL0zjeet-x6YzNl-ywrFkDjVjM5HSMErrMsABQ5G39eWlImTuPum0W35g5PcH59Z_OHsCH_b33r9_w2IqB26xMe4wytZWlkoXLXeOlL2tZ56r2qhRCWVfjsrdNQ-EIWom0ESaXaaKctyovjLNJ9hBGs3bmHgFLjBB4QelahP9otdXalagxGcaGRabGkAxiqGzkKad2GafVimE5SK4ibBpJrirG8HQ1ZL4k6bjq4Z1BWlVcr11FrHTE7JeIv95eS3IMzwZ1uDT6X9_auvpl23AzJf0L2MAdGPWLr-4x3LDn_bRb7EZd3iU46hEeD48-XgDx5P0h
linkProvider	ProQuest
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3LbtQwFL0qBYmy4F0xUMAL2IAsYsdx4gWqUEvVqsOARJG6C45jw6B2MkxCUVnxD_0PPoov4dpJZgqC7rpgl5cTxT735Xt9DPAIZUhqXhqa6TimwmLMqjCMoFbzxPHICeUCZf4wHY2y_X31Zgl-9GthfFllrxODoi4r4-fIn6GbgN6v5y5Zn36mftcon13tt9BoYbFrj79iyFY_39nE8X3M-dbLvY1t2u0qQE2c8QYDJmVEJkVqE1s64bJCFIksnMwYk8YWiGBTlt6zRsDzkulE8EhaZ2SSamuiGN97AS4Kr_1DqeDbueZH4x2yFioWVKHn0WdRo0BaynzGlPmSX4z_0t_t4MK5_SMfG8zc1rX_rYOuw9XOoSYvWgm4AUt2chOunKJZvAXVa9SLh-NveELwwP78fmKquiHNTJeWVs7VZDwh05b7lpSLMirSzVPVxE9XE01C-SWtik-tmSD2qJNcPTsm-uAD9kfz8fA2vDuXP16F5Uk1sXeARJoxvCBVwcIqYWWUshnKQ4yRbxrLAUT9sOemY2H3m4Ec5HP-6ICU3FfeeaTk6QCezJtMWwqSsx5e69GRd9qozj3nnuctjNhfby-QM4CnPfxOtf7Xt-6e_bKHcHl779UwH-6Mdu_BCvfYD1WQa7DczL7Y-3DJHDXjevYgSBGB9-eNyl9Ze1Z1
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LT9wwEB6VLUJwoAWK2ELBB06gaPNwnPiIaFetWG2ReIhb5Dg22mo3WSUBCU78h_7D_pKO81geAiTEMck4iezxeD7P-BuAXZxDTLiJtELheRZViFk5wghLCdfXrq0p1xVl_iAYDsOLC37c1Dkt2mz3NiRZn2kwLE1p2Zsmujc7-GY8FZMHZBJoEU0Fc_CRmppBBq6fnM9MMa6mVRiBe9Ti6Aq0Yc3nXvF4Ybr3Np8ESKt1p__p3X_8GZYbl5Mc1DqyAh9UugpLD4gI1yD7jZZjMrrFC2Kqzf-7-yuzoiRlLhJlZVoXZJSSac0OS5L7RCPS7OQUxGzoEkGqBEUri__UhpSo60a3RX5DxPgyy1Fu8gXO-j9OD39aTSkGS3qhWyLK5JKGjAbKV4mmOoxp7LNYs9BxmFQxTnuZJAaOoJVwE0f41LWZ0pL5gVDS9tahk2ap2gBiC8fBG4zHTnWOlkvOVYga4yE2DDzWBbsdh0g2POWmXMY4mjEsV30Zmdw005dR0IW9WZNpTdLxmvBWO7hRM1-LyLDSGWY_23n2MfqoCL0McU4X9tuxftD6pW99fZP0Diwcf-9Hg1_Do01YdI2uVFmDW9Ap8yv1DebldTkq8u1Kyf8Dk676xw
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Optimizing+time%E2%80%93cost+trade-offs+in+product+development+projects+with+a+multi-objective+evolutionary+algorithm&rft.jtitle=Research+in+engineering+design&rft.au=Meier%2C+Christoph&rft.au=Yassine%2C+Ali+A&rft.au=Browning%2C+Tyson+R&rft.au=Walter%2C+Ulrich&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.pub=Springer+Nature+B.V&rft.issn=0934-9839&rft.eissn=1435-6066&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=347&rft.epage=366&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00163-016-0222-7
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0934-9839&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0934-9839&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0934-9839&client=summon