Nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emissions from solid fuel combustion in rural China: Database of 12 real-world scenarios for residential cooking and heating activities
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives such as oxygenated PAHs (oPAHs) and nitrated PAHs (nPAHs), are receiving raising concerns due to their high toxic potential. Incomplete solid fuel combustion can release large quantities of PAHs derivatives, especially in low-efficiency domestic st...
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| Published in: | The Science of the total environment Vol. 852; p. 158501 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V
15.12.2022
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| ISSN: | 0048-9697, 1879-1026, 1879-1026 |
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| Abstract | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives such as oxygenated PAHs (oPAHs) and nitrated PAHs (nPAHs), are receiving raising concerns due to their high toxic potential. Incomplete solid fuel combustion can release large quantities of PAHs derivatives, especially in low-efficiency domestic stoves. In this study, field measurements were conducted in rural Chinese homes to determine emissions of nPAHs and oPAHs from solid fuel combustion. A total of 12 fuel-stove combinations including cooking and space heating activities were investigated. Emission factors (EFs) of total nPAHs and oPAHs were in the range of 1.0–682.1 μg/kg and 0.01–131.7 mg/kg, respectively, with arithmetic means and stand deviations of 53.5 ± 72.5 μg/kg and 13.9 ± 24.4 mg/kg, respectively. The EFs of nPAHs and oPAHs for coal combustion (including honeycomb briquette, coal chunk, and peat tested in this study) were 30.2 ± 28.1 μg/kg and 1.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg, respectively, much lower than that for biomass burning (p < 0.05). The combustion phase could significantly affect the PAHs derivative emissions with higher emissions at initial phase than that at stable phase. Fuel type was found to affect the EFs, composition profiles, and ratios of PAHs derivatives to parent PAHs. This study tries to have an insight of PAHs derivative emissions from various solid fuel combustion, which would be useful in understanding the atmospheric PAHs derivative pollutions in China.
[Display omitted]
•EFs of nPAHs and oPAHs from 12 fuel-stove combinations were measured in field.•Fuel type can influence EFs and composition profiles of PAHs derivatives.•Coal briquetting lead to the increase of PAHs derivative emissions.•EFs at initial phase are 2.2–4.6 folds higher than that at stable phase. |
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| AbstractList | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives such as oxygenated PAHs (oPAHs) and nitrated PAHs (nPAHs), are receiving raising concerns due to their high toxic potential. Incomplete solid fuel combustion can release large quantities of PAHs derivatives, especially in low-efficiency domestic stoves. In this study, field measurements were conducted in rural Chinese homes to determine emissions of nPAHs and oPAHs from solid fuel combustion. A total of 12 fuel-stove combinations including cooking and space heating activities were investigated. Emission factors (EFs) of total nPAHs and oPAHs were in the range of 1.0–682.1 μg/kg and 0.01–131.7 mg/kg, respectively, with arithmetic means and stand deviations of 53.5 ± 72.5 μg/kg and 13.9 ± 24.4 mg/kg, respectively. The EFs of nPAHs and oPAHs for coal combustion (including honeycomb briquette, coal chunk, and peat tested in this study) were 30.2 ± 28.1 μg/kg and 1.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg, respectively, much lower than that for biomass burning (p < 0.05). The combustion phase could significantly affect the PAHs derivative emissions with higher emissions at initial phase than that at stable phase. Fuel type was found to affect the EFs, composition profiles, and ratios of PAHs derivatives to parent PAHs. This study tries to have an insight of PAHs derivative emissions from various solid fuel combustion, which would be useful in understanding the atmospheric PAHs derivative pollutions in China.
[Display omitted]
•EFs of nPAHs and oPAHs from 12 fuel-stove combinations were measured in field.•Fuel type can influence EFs and composition profiles of PAHs derivatives.•Coal briquetting lead to the increase of PAHs derivative emissions.•EFs at initial phase are 2.2–4.6 folds higher than that at stable phase. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives such as oxygenated PAHs (oPAHs) and nitrated PAHs (nPAHs), are receiving raising concerns due to their high toxic potential. Incomplete solid fuel combustion can release large quantities of PAHs derivatives, especially in low-efficiency domestic stoves. In this study, field measurements were conducted in rural Chinese homes to determine emissions of nPAHs and oPAHs from solid fuel combustion. A total of 12 fuel-stove combinations including cooking and space heating activities were investigated. Emission factors (EFs) of total nPAHs and oPAHs were in the range of 1.0–682.1 μg/kg and 0.01–131.7 mg/kg, respectively, with arithmetic means and stand deviations of 53.5 ± 72.5 μg/kg and 13.9 ± 24.4 mg/kg, respectively. The EFs of nPAHs and oPAHs for coal combustion (including honeycomb briquette, coal chunk, and peat tested in this study) were 30.2 ± 28.1 μg/kg and 1.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg, respectively, much lower than that for biomass burning (p < 0.05). The combustion phase could significantly affect the PAHs derivative emissions with higher emissions at initial phase than that at stable phase. Fuel type was found to affect the EFs, composition profiles, and ratios of PAHs derivatives to parent PAHs. This study tries to have an insight of PAHs derivative emissions from various solid fuel combustion, which would be useful in understanding the atmospheric PAHs derivative pollutions in China. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives such as oxygenated PAHs (oPAHs) and nitrated PAHs (nPAHs), are receiving raising concerns due to their high toxic potential. Incomplete solid fuel combustion can release large quantities of PAHs derivatives, especially in low-efficiency domestic stoves. In this study, field measurements were conducted in rural Chinese homes to determine emissions of nPAHs and oPAHs from solid fuel combustion. A total of 12 fuel-stove combinations including cooking and space heating activities were investigated. Emission factors (EFs) of total nPAHs and oPAHs were in the range of 1.0-682.1 μg/kg and 0.01-131.7 mg/kg, respectively, with arithmetic means and stand deviations of 53.5 ± 72.5 μg/kg and 13.9 ± 24.4 mg/kg, respectively. The EFs of nPAHs and oPAHs for coal combustion (including honeycomb briquette, coal chunk, and peat tested in this study) were 30.2 ± 28.1 μg/kg and 1.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg, respectively, much lower than that for biomass burning (p < 0.05). The combustion phase could significantly affect the PAHs derivative emissions with higher emissions at initial phase than that at stable phase. Fuel type was found to affect the EFs, composition profiles, and ratios of PAHs derivatives to parent PAHs. This study tries to have an insight of PAHs derivative emissions from various solid fuel combustion, which would be useful in understanding the atmospheric PAHs derivative pollutions in China.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives such as oxygenated PAHs (oPAHs) and nitrated PAHs (nPAHs), are receiving raising concerns due to their high toxic potential. Incomplete solid fuel combustion can release large quantities of PAHs derivatives, especially in low-efficiency domestic stoves. In this study, field measurements were conducted in rural Chinese homes to determine emissions of nPAHs and oPAHs from solid fuel combustion. A total of 12 fuel-stove combinations including cooking and space heating activities were investigated. Emission factors (EFs) of total nPAHs and oPAHs were in the range of 1.0-682.1 μg/kg and 0.01-131.7 mg/kg, respectively, with arithmetic means and stand deviations of 53.5 ± 72.5 μg/kg and 13.9 ± 24.4 mg/kg, respectively. The EFs of nPAHs and oPAHs for coal combustion (including honeycomb briquette, coal chunk, and peat tested in this study) were 30.2 ± 28.1 μg/kg and 1.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg, respectively, much lower than that for biomass burning (p < 0.05). The combustion phase could significantly affect the PAHs derivative emissions with higher emissions at initial phase than that at stable phase. Fuel type was found to affect the EFs, composition profiles, and ratios of PAHs derivatives to parent PAHs. This study tries to have an insight of PAHs derivative emissions from various solid fuel combustion, which would be useful in understanding the atmospheric PAHs derivative pollutions in China. |
| ArticleNumber | 158501 |
| Author | Lei, Yali Shen, Guofeng Pan, Bo Chen, Long Chen, Yuanchen Du, Wei Wang, Jinze Tao, Shu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jinze surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jinze organization: Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Wei surname: Du fullname: Du, Wei email: wdu@geo.ecnu.edu.cn organization: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science &Technology, Kunming 650500, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yuanchen surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yuanchen organization: College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Yali surname: Lei fullname: Lei, Yali organization: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Long surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Long organization: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Guofeng surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Guofeng organization: Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Bo surname: Pan fullname: Pan, Bo organization: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science &Technology, Kunming 650500, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Shu surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Shu organization: Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
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| SubjectTerms | arithmetics biomass China coal Emission factors environment fuel combustion Nitrated PAHs Oxygenated PAHs peat Residential stoves Solid fuel combustion toxicity |
| Title | Nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emissions from solid fuel combustion in rural China: Database of 12 real-world scenarios for residential cooking and heating activities |
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