Inversion of backscatter ionograms and TEC data for over-the-horizon radar
Over‐the‐horizon radar (OTHR) uses ionospheric reflection to propagate HF transmissions to long range (∼500–5000 km). The ionosphere acts as a dynamic “mirror” that varies diurnally, seasonally, and with the solar cycle. Geolocation of targets observed by OTHR (Coordinate Registration (CR)) requires...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Radio science Jg. 47; H. 4 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.08.2012
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 0048-6604, 1944-799X |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | Over‐the‐horizon radar (OTHR) uses ionospheric reflection to propagate HF transmissions to long range (∼500–5000 km). The ionosphere acts as a dynamic “mirror” that varies diurnally, seasonally, and with the solar cycle. Geolocation of targets observed by OTHR (Coordinate Registration (CR)) requires accurate real‐time ionospheric modeling and HF propagation calculations to convert radar‐measured target signal delays and beam steers to geographical position. We merged our backscatter ionogram (BI) leading edge inversion algorithm CREDO with our more advanced ionospheric data assimilation capability, GPS Ionospheric Inversion (GPSII). The combined algorithm produces a dynamic model of electron density for a fixed geographical region. The model is consistent with BI leading edge data, vertical sounding data, as well as with absolute and relative total electron content (TEC) data from a number of GPS/LEO receivers. Incorporation of additional ionospheric data beyond conventional OTHR vertical and oblique backscatter soundings is expected to enhance the fidelity of real‐time ionosphere models, resulting in improved OTHR Coordinate Registration metric accuracy. Initial tests of the OTHR CR supported by the new ionospheric inversion algorithm indicate noticeable improvement of CR accuracy in comparison with legacy techniques.
Key Points
OTHR coordinate registration requires real‐time ionosphere model
Ionospheric model supported by backscatter and vertical ionograms is useful
Ionospheric model is further improved by incorporating GPS TEC data |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Over‐the‐horizon radar (OTHR) uses ionospheric reflection to propagate HF transmissions to long range (∼500–5000 km). The ionosphere acts as a dynamic “mirror” that varies diurnally, seasonally, and with the solar cycle. Geolocation of targets observed by OTHR (Coordinate Registration (CR)) requires accurate real‐time ionospheric modeling and HF propagation calculations to convert radar‐measured target signal delays and beam steers to geographical position. We merged our backscatter ionogram (BI) leading edge inversion algorithm CREDO with our more advanced ionospheric data assimilation capability, GPS Ionospheric Inversion (GPSII). The combined algorithm produces a dynamic model of electron density for a fixed geographical region. The model is consistent with BI leading edge data, vertical sounding data, as well as with absolute and relative total electron content (TEC) data from a number of GPS/LEO receivers. Incorporation of additional ionospheric data beyond conventional OTHR vertical and oblique backscatter soundings is expected to enhance the fidelity of real‐time ionosphere models, resulting in improved OTHR Coordinate Registration metric accuracy. Initial tests of the OTHR CR supported by the new ionospheric inversion algorithm indicate noticeable improvement of CR accuracy in comparison with legacy techniques.
OTHR coordinate registration requires real‐time ionosphere model
Ionospheric model supported by backscatter and vertical ionograms is useful
Ionospheric model is further improved by incorporating GPS TEC data Over‐the‐horizon radar (OTHR) uses ionospheric reflection to propagate HF transmissions to long range (∼500–5000 km). The ionosphere acts as a dynamic “mirror” that varies diurnally, seasonally, and with the solar cycle. Geolocation of targets observed by OTHR (Coordinate Registration (CR)) requires accurate real‐time ionospheric modeling and HF propagation calculations to convert radar‐measured target signal delays and beam steers to geographical position. We merged our backscatter ionogram (BI) leading edge inversion algorithm CREDO with our more advanced ionospheric data assimilation capability, GPS Ionospheric Inversion (GPSII). The combined algorithm produces a dynamic model of electron density for a fixed geographical region. The model is consistent with BI leading edge data, vertical sounding data, as well as with absolute and relative total electron content (TEC) data from a number of GPS/LEO receivers. Incorporation of additional ionospheric data beyond conventional OTHR vertical and oblique backscatter soundings is expected to enhance the fidelity of real‐time ionosphere models, resulting in improved OTHR Coordinate Registration metric accuracy. Initial tests of the OTHR CR supported by the new ionospheric inversion algorithm indicate noticeable improvement of CR accuracy in comparison with legacy techniques. Key Points OTHR coordinate registration requires real‐time ionosphere model Ionospheric model supported by backscatter and vertical ionograms is useful Ionospheric model is further improved by incorporating GPS TEC data Over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) uses ionospheric reflection to propagate HF transmissions to long range (?500-5000 km). The ionosphere acts as a dynamic "mirror" that varies diurnally, seasonally, and with the solar cycle. Geolocation of targets observed by OTHR (Coordinate Registration (CR)) requires accurate real-time ionospheric modeling and HF propagation calculations to convert radar-measured target signal delays and beam steers to geographical position. We merged our backscatter ionogram (BI) leading edge inversion algorithm CREDO with our more advanced ionospheric data assimilation capability, GPS Ionospheric Inversion (GPSII). The combined algorithm produces a dynamic model of electron density for a fixed geographical region. The model is consistent with BI leading edge data, vertical sounding data, as well as with absolute and relative total electron content (TEC) data from a number of GPS/LEO receivers. Incorporation of additional ionospheric data beyond conventional OTHR vertical and oblique backscatter soundings is expected to enhance the fidelity of real-time ionosphere models, resulting in improved OTHR Coordinate Registration metric accuracy. Initial tests of the OTHR CR supported by the new ionospheric inversion algorithm indicate noticeable improvement of CR accuracy in comparison with legacy techniques. |
| Author | Hausman, Mark Fridman, Sergey V. Nickisch, L. J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sergey V. surname: Fridman fullname: Fridman, Sergey V. email: sergey@nwra.com organization: NorthWest Research Associates, Monterey, California, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: L. J. surname: Nickisch fullname: Nickisch, L. J. organization: NorthWest Research Associates, Monterey, California, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Mark surname: Hausman fullname: Hausman, Mark organization: NorthWest Research Associates, Monterey, California, USA |
| BookMark | eNp9kE1LAzEQhoNUsH7c_AELXl3NbLJfR12rtohKq7S3MGYTXW03NUnV-uuNVEQEPQ0Mz_MO826STmtaRcgu0AOgSXmYUIDhiFJesmSNdKHkPM7LctIh3bAs4iyjfINsOvdIKfA0410y6LcvyrrGtJHR0R3KJyfRe2WjsDL3FmcuwraObnpVVKPHSBsbmaDE_kHFD8Y270G1WKPdJusap07tfM0tcnvau6nO44urs351dBFLVkAeS81zrrWsdVakoHQqkWqFjKf6TpZUKiwKmoRAyFkCacFUYEFRqEGCzpBtkb1V7tya54VyXjyahW3DSQEAGSQ0YTRQyYqS1jhnlRay8ejDV95iMxVAxWdn4mdnQdr_Jc1tM0O7_AuHFf7aTNXyX1YMT0ZpmefBiVdO47x6-3bQPoksZ3kqxpdnYlBU49Hx5Fow9gGP_Yxx |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_12737_szf_42201804 crossref_primary_10_1002_rds_20020 crossref_primary_10_1029_2019RS006937 crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2017_2714961 crossref_primary_10_1002_2015RS005906 crossref_primary_10_1002_2015RS005902 crossref_primary_10_1002_2014RS005621 crossref_primary_10_1029_2024SW003916 crossref_primary_10_1002_2014RS005435 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2024_3415069 crossref_primary_10_11728_cjss2017_02_158 crossref_primary_10_1002_2015JA021855 crossref_primary_10_1002_2015RS005890 crossref_primary_10_1029_2018RS006656 crossref_primary_10_1029_2023RS007893 crossref_primary_10_5194_angeo_32_465_2014 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_asr_2018_03_002 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/PROC.1974.9506 10.1109/6.58421 10.1029/98RS00477 10.1016/S1364‐6826(97)00038‐2 10.5194/angeo‐24‐2191‐2006 10.1029/1999RS002405 10.1088/0370‐1301/70/7/302 10.1029/2005RS003341 10.1016/0021‐9169(94)90181‐3 10.1049/PBEW031E 10.1029/2008RS004040 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union |
| DBID | BSCLL AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7SP 7XB 88I 8FD 8FE 8FG 8FK 8G5 ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA ARAPS AZQEC BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKSAR CCPQU DWQXO GNUQQ GUQSH H8D HCIFZ L7M M2O M2P MBDVC P5Z P62 PCBAR PHGZM PHGZT PKEHL PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI Q9U |
| DOI | 10.1029/2011RS004932 |
| DatabaseName | Istex CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) Electronics & Communications Abstracts ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Science Database (Alumni Edition) Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Research Library (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni) One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central Technology collection Natural Science Collection Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection ProQuest One ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Research Library Aerospace Database SciTech Premium Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Research Library Science Database Research Library (Corporate) ProQuest advanced technologies & aerospace journals ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database ProQuest Databases ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Basic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences Aerospace Database ProQuest One Sustainability Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (New) Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Electronics & Communications Abstracts Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest SciTech Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Research Library Prep |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Meteorology & Climatology Engineering Mathematics |
| EISSN | 1944-799X |
| EndPage | n/a |
| ExternalDocumentID | 2801762881 10_1029_2011RS004932 RDS5977 ark_67375_WNG_J8CWSBXP_3 |
| Genre | article Feature |
| GroupedDBID | -~X 05W 0R~ 123 186 1OB 1OC 29P 31~ 33P 50Y 6IK 6TJ 8-1 88I 8FE 8FG 8FH 8G5 8R4 8R5 AAESR AAHQN AAIHA AAJGR AAMMB AAMNL AANHP AANLZ AASGY AAXRX AAYCA AAZKR ABAZT ABCUV ABDPE ABJNI ABUWG ABVLG ACAHQ ACBEA ACBWZ ACCZN ACGFO ACGFS ACGOD ACPOU ACRPL ACXBN ACXQS ACYXJ ADBBV ADEOM ADKYN ADMGS ADMLS ADNMO ADOZA ADXAS ADZMN AEFGJ AEIGN AENEX AEUYN AEUYR AEYWJ AFBPY AFFNX AFFPM AFGKR AFKRA AFWVQ AGHNM AGQPQ AGXDD AGYGG AHBTC AIDQK AIDYY AIQQE AITYG AIURR ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN ALVPJ ALXUD AMYDB ARAPS ASPBG AVWKF AZFZN AZQEC AZVAB BDRZF BEFXN BENPR BFFAM BFHJK BGLVJ BGNUA BHPHI BKEBE BKSAR BMXJE BPEOZ BPHCQ BRXPI BSCLL CCPQU CS3 D1K DCZOG DPXWK DRFUL DRSTM DU5 DWQXO EBS EJD FEDTE G-S GNUQQ GODZA GUQSH HCIFZ HGLYW HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IPLJI JAVBF K6- LATKE LEEKS LH4 LITHE LK5 LOXES LUTES LYRES M2O M2P M7R MEWTI MSFUL MSSTM MXFUL MXSTM MY~ O9- OCL OHT OK1 P-X P2P P2W P62 PCBAR PHGZM PHGZT PQGLB PQQKQ PROAC PUEGO Q2X R.K RIWAO RJQFR ROL SAMSI SUPJJ TN5 UHW UQL VOH WBKPD WIN WXSBR YNT ZY4 ZZTAW ~02 ~OA ~~A 24P 3V. A00 AAHHS ABTAH ACCFJ AEEZP AEQDE AFPWT AIWBW AJBDE WYJ XOL AAYXX AFFHD CITATION 7SP 7XB 8FD 8FK H8D L7M MBDVC PKEHL PQEST PQUKI Q9U |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c3817-cf474ffcdf6851ef5ca0fea345fbc90cea8802ada17321583efcd1e01d1c1f6a3 |
| IEDL.DBID | M2P |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 20 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000303319400004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0048-6604 |
| IngestDate | Sat Oct 25 07:18:36 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:23:21 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:15:06 EST 2025 Wed Jan 22 17:06:01 EST 2025 Sun Sep 21 06:22:58 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Language | English |
| License | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3817-cf474ffcdf6851ef5ca0fea345fbc90cea8802ada17321583efcd1e01d1c1f6a3 |
| Notes | istex:0822B1AD6CF86E898218CBFB5ECAA34037F7E722 ArticleID:2011RS004932 ark:/67375/WNG-J8CWSBXP-3 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2011RS004932 |
| PQID | 1116120230 |
| PQPubID | 54001 |
| PageCount | 8 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_1116120230 crossref_citationtrail_10_1029_2011RS004932 crossref_primary_10_1029_2011RS004932 wiley_primary_10_1029_2011RS004932_RDS5977 istex_primary_ark_67375_WNG_J8CWSBXP_3 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | August 2012 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2012-08-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2012 text: August 2012 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Washington |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Washington |
| PublicationTitle | Radio science |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Radio Sci |
| PublicationYear | 2012 |
| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| References | Tikhonov, A. N., and V. Y. Arsenin (1977), Solution of Ill-Posed Problems, Halsted, New York. Headrick, J. M. (1990), Looking over the horizon, IEEE Spectrum, 27(7), 36-39, doi:10.1109/6.58421. Fridman, S. V., L. J. Nickisch, and M. Hausman (2009), Personal-computer-based system for real-time reconstruction of the three-dimensional ionosphere using data from diverse sources, Radio Sci., 44, RS3008, doi:10.1029/2008RS004040. Fridman, S. V., L. J. Nickisch, M. Aiello, and M. A. Hausman (2006), Real time reconstruction of the three-dimensional ionosphere using data from a network of GPS receivers, Radio Sci., 41, RS5S12, doi:10.1029/2005RS003341. Davies, K. (1990), Ionospheric Radio, Peter Peregrinus, London. Fridman, S. V. (1998), Reconstruction of three-dimensional ionosphere from backscatter and vertical ionograms measured by over-the-horizon radar, Radio Sci., 33(4), 1159-1171, doi:10.1029/98RS00477. Kolmogorov, A. N., and S. V. Fomin (1999), Elements of the Theory of Functions and Functional Analysis, Dover, Mineola, N. Y. Coleman, C. J. (1997), On the simulation of backscatter ionograms, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 59, 2089-2099, doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(97)00038-2. Headrick, J. M., and M. I. Skolnik (1974), Over-the-horizon radar in the HF band, Proc. IEEE, 62, 664-673, doi:10.1109/PROC.1974.9506. Haselgrove, J. (1957), Oblique ray paths in the ionosphere, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. B, 70, 653-662, doi:10.1088/0370-1301/70/7/302. Fridman, S. V., and L. J. Nickisch (2001), Generalization of ionospheric tomography on diverse data sources: Reconstruction of the three-dimensional ionosphere from simultaneous vertical ionograms, backscatter ionograms, and total electron content data, Radio Sci., 36(5), 1129-1139, doi:10.1029/1999RS002405. Bertoni, F., Y. Sahai, W. L. C. Lima, P. R. Fagundes, V. G. Pillat, F. Becker-Guedes, and J. R. Abalde (2006), IRI-2001 model predictions compared with ionospheric data observed at Brazilian low latitude stations, Ann. Geophys., 24, 2191-2200, doi:10.5194/angeo-24-2191-2006. Fridman, O. V., and S. V. Fridman (1994), A method of determining horizontal structure of the ionosphere from backscatter ionograms, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 56(1), 115-131, doi:10.1016/0021-9169(94)90181-3. 2009; 44 2006; 41 1957; 70 1990 2006; 24 1990; 27 1974; 62 2010 1997; 59 1994; 56 1998 2001; 36 1998; 33 1999 1977 e_1_2_7_6_1 e_1_2_7_5_1 e_1_2_7_4_1 e_1_2_7_3_1 e_1_2_7_9_1 Kolmogorov A. N. (e_1_2_7_14_1) 1999 e_1_2_7_8_1 e_1_2_7_7_1 Tikhonov A. N. (e_1_2_7_16_1) 1977 e_1_2_7_2_1 e_1_2_7_15_1 e_1_2_7_13_1 e_1_2_7_12_1 e_1_2_7_11_1 e_1_2_7_10_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Fridman, S. V., L. J. Nickisch, and M. Hausman (2009), Personal-computer-based system for real-time reconstruction of the three-dimensional ionosphere using data from diverse sources, Radio Sci., 44, RS3008, doi:10.1029/2008RS004040. – reference: Tikhonov, A. N., and V. Y. Arsenin (1977), Solution of Ill-Posed Problems, Halsted, New York. – reference: Bertoni, F., Y. Sahai, W. L. C. Lima, P. R. Fagundes, V. G. Pillat, F. Becker-Guedes, and J. R. Abalde (2006), IRI-2001 model predictions compared with ionospheric data observed at Brazilian low latitude stations, Ann. Geophys., 24, 2191-2200, doi:10.5194/angeo-24-2191-2006. – reference: Davies, K. (1990), Ionospheric Radio, Peter Peregrinus, London. – reference: Fridman, O. V., and S. V. Fridman (1994), A method of determining horizontal structure of the ionosphere from backscatter ionograms, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 56(1), 115-131, doi:10.1016/0021-9169(94)90181-3. – reference: Fridman, S. V., L. J. Nickisch, M. Aiello, and M. A. Hausman (2006), Real time reconstruction of the three-dimensional ionosphere using data from a network of GPS receivers, Radio Sci., 41, RS5S12, doi:10.1029/2005RS003341. – reference: Haselgrove, J. (1957), Oblique ray paths in the ionosphere, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. B, 70, 653-662, doi:10.1088/0370-1301/70/7/302. – reference: Coleman, C. J. (1997), On the simulation of backscatter ionograms, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 59, 2089-2099, doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(97)00038-2. – reference: Fridman, S. V. (1998), Reconstruction of three-dimensional ionosphere from backscatter and vertical ionograms measured by over-the-horizon radar, Radio Sci., 33(4), 1159-1171, doi:10.1029/98RS00477. – reference: Headrick, J. M. (1990), Looking over the horizon, IEEE Spectrum, 27(7), 36-39, doi:10.1109/6.58421. – reference: Kolmogorov, A. N., and S. V. Fomin (1999), Elements of the Theory of Functions and Functional Analysis, Dover, Mineola, N. Y. – reference: Fridman, S. V., and L. J. Nickisch (2001), Generalization of ionospheric tomography on diverse data sources: Reconstruction of the three-dimensional ionosphere from simultaneous vertical ionograms, backscatter ionograms, and total electron content data, Radio Sci., 36(5), 1129-1139, doi:10.1029/1999RS002405. – reference: Headrick, J. M., and M. I. Skolnik (1974), Over-the-horizon radar in the HF band, Proc. IEEE, 62, 664-673, doi:10.1109/PROC.1974.9506. – volume: 56 start-page: 115 issue: 1 year: 1994 end-page: 131 article-title: A method of determining horizontal structure of the ionosphere from backscatter ionograms publication-title: J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. – volume: 41 year: 2006 article-title: Real time reconstruction of the three‐dimensional ionosphere using data from a network of GPS receivers publication-title: Radio Sci. – volume: 44 year: 2009 article-title: Personal‐computer‐based system for real‐time reconstruction of the three‐dimensional ionosphere using data from diverse sources publication-title: Radio Sci. – volume: 24 start-page: 2191 year: 2006 end-page: 2200 article-title: IRI‐2001 model predictions compared with ionospheric data observed at Brazilian low latitude stations publication-title: Ann. Geophys. – volume: 62 start-page: 664 year: 1974 end-page: 673 article-title: Over‐the‐horizon radar in the HF band publication-title: Proc. IEEE – volume: 70 start-page: 653 year: 1957 end-page: 662 article-title: Oblique ray paths in the ionosphere publication-title: Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. B – volume: 27 start-page: 36 issue: 7 year: 1990 end-page: 39 article-title: Looking over the horizon publication-title: IEEE Spectrum – year: 1990 – year: 1977 – volume: 33 start-page: 1159 issue: 4 year: 1998 end-page: 1171 article-title: Reconstruction of three‐dimensional ionosphere from backscatter and vertical ionograms measured by over‐the‐horizon radar publication-title: Radio Sci. – volume: 59 start-page: 2089 year: 1997 end-page: 2099 article-title: On the simulation of backscatter ionograms publication-title: J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. – volume: 36 start-page: 1129 issue: 5 year: 2001 end-page: 1139 article-title: Generalization of ionospheric tomography on diverse data sources: Reconstruction of the three‐dimensional ionosphere from simultaneous vertical ionograms, backscatter ionograms, and total electron content data publication-title: Radio Sci. – year: 2010 – year: 1998 – year: 1999 – volume-title: Solution of Ill‐Posed Problems year: 1977 ident: e_1_2_7_16_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_12_1 doi: 10.1109/PROC.1974.9506 – ident: e_1_2_7_11_1 doi: 10.1109/6.58421 – ident: e_1_2_7_13_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_6_1 doi: 10.1029/98RS00477 – ident: e_1_2_7_3_1 doi: 10.1016/S1364‐6826(97)00038‐2 – ident: e_1_2_7_2_1 doi: 10.5194/angeo‐24‐2191‐2006 – ident: e_1_2_7_7_1 doi: 10.1029/1999RS002405 – ident: e_1_2_7_10_1 doi: 10.1088/0370‐1301/70/7/302 – ident: e_1_2_7_8_1 doi: 10.1029/2005RS003341 – ident: e_1_2_7_5_1 doi: 10.1016/0021‐9169(94)90181‐3 – volume-title: Elements of the Theory of Functions and Functional Analysis year: 1999 ident: e_1_2_7_14_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_4_1 doi: 10.1049/PBEW031E – ident: e_1_2_7_9_1 doi: 10.1029/2008RS004040 – ident: e_1_2_7_15_1 |
| SSID | ssj0014564 |
| Score | 2.075768 |
| Snippet | Over‐the‐horizon radar (OTHR) uses ionospheric reflection to propagate HF transmissions to long range (∼500–5000 km). The ionosphere acts as a dynamic “mirror”... Over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) uses ionospheric reflection to propagate HF transmissions to long range (?500-5000 km). The ionosphere acts as a dynamic "mirror"... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref wiley istex |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Atmospheric sciences Data collection Geophysics inverse problem Ionosphere Mathematics Radar |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Wiley Online Library Free Content dbid: WIN link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LT9wwEB5VtAc49MFDBLaVD8ABFBHn4U2OsF1aEESIBe3eItuxxQq0W2UBIU79Cf2N_BJmnLBaDkVCXCIlGieRx-P5PJ75DLARCZ2pSGsfna_xYynRpHQS-LI0SqU8MKlwhcLH7TxPB4PstAm4US1MzQ8xDbiRZbj5mgxcqklDNkAcmeS5znqEcCOagnns7LJ_mE83EYgppd5gTn0hgrjJe8fmu7ONX3ikj9S59y_g5ixodV7n4Mt7__crfG7wJturB8g3-GBGi7Aww0K4CN4JAudx5eLrbIt1roeIYt3dEuTEw-EiamxsmaKCfO0YORlVQ1Bm14TJUcnOux1GyaYMMTCjrNDHv_8QWuL1clwNH7B5JUtZLcPFQfe889tvjmDwNVH3-drG7dhaXVqB0MzYRMvAGhnFiVU6C7SRaP8hvoC3IwQPaWRQlpuAl1xzK2S0AnOj8cisApOp5KoUgc0yFUseyhilk0QJXWYmC4UHO89qKHTDT07HZFwXbp88zIrZHvRgcyr9p-bl-I_cltPoVEhWV5TL1k6Kfv6rOEo7_d7-4LSIPGg9q7xozHhCyyNEgLRM82DbKffVjxVnP3vE57f2FuF1mMfHYZ1U2IK5m-rWfIdP-u5mOKl-uBH9BG2u9tQ priority: 102 providerName: Wiley-Blackwell |
| Title | Inversion of backscatter ionograms and TEC data for over-the-horizon radar |
| URI | https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-J8CWSBXP-3/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029%2F2011RS004932 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1116120230 |
| Volume | 47 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000303319400004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1944-799X dateEnd: 20121130 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014564 issn: 0048-6604 databaseCode: P5Z dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1944-799X dateEnd: 20121130 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014564 issn: 0048-6604 databaseCode: PCBAR dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/eaasdb providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1944-799X dateEnd: 20121130 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014564 issn: 0048-6604 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Research Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1944-799X dateEnd: 20121130 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014564 issn: 0048-6604 databaseCode: M2O dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Science Database (ProQuest) customDbUrl: eissn: 1944-799X dateEnd: 20121130 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014564 issn: 0048-6604 databaseCode: M2P dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library Free Content customDbUrl: eissn: 1944-799X dateEnd: 20231209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014564 issn: 0048-6604 databaseCode: WIN dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com providerName: Wiley-Blackwell – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library Full Collection 2020 customDbUrl: eissn: 1944-799X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014564 issn: 0048-6604 databaseCode: DRFUL dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com providerName: Wiley-Blackwell |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3Nb9MwFH-ClQM78DFAC2yTD7ADyFqcDzc5Ida1wLSGqN3UikvkOLY2bWpHMhDir-c9N-26A7twcRTl-UN5tt9P7z3_DPA2lDotQ605Gl_DI6VwSenY56oyZZkI3yTSHRQ-6WZZMp2meetwa9q0yuWe6Dbqaq7JR36AaxKNMSHmj9c_ON0aRdHV9gqNh9BBZCMopWsY5KsoAlGlLCLMCZfSj9rEdz9ID8jujcaEj8Pgjknq0N_9fQdvrqNWZ3YGT_93wM_gSQs42afFDHkOD8xsCzbXaAjxbbjibm22wBsijp7Xzt3O9lnv6gK_uLcXcEy0HM7BxuaWlXQ-XzuCTkaHIyjRq2FqVrHTfo9R7ilDSMwoSZRjB_wch_cHq9aqUvVLOBv0T3tfeHsbA9fE4se1jbqRtbqyElGasbFWvjUqjGJb6tTXRuFWEGADohsijkhCg7LC-KISWlipwlewMZvPzDYwlShRVtK3aVpGSgQqQuk4LqWuUpMG0oMPS4UUuqUqpxszrgoXMg_SYl19HrxbSV8vKDr-IbfvdLsSUvUlpbV142KSfS6Ok95kfDjNi9CDnaVGi3ZFN8WtOj147ybEvZ0Vo6MxUfu9vr-tN_AYawWLjMId2Lipf5pdeKR_3Vw09R50DvtZPsLn0WhwdrJHs_ubK3Ms8_g7lpOv2V_twwAV |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6VFgk48CggAgV8oD2ArCbOY5MDQmXb0sfuatVd1L0Zx7FFRbVbkvL8UfzGzjjJsj3QWw8crUzsxP7sGdufPwO8ChOd5aHWHJ2v4ZFS2KV07HNVmDxPA9-kiTso3OsMBulkkg2X4E97FoZole2Y6AbqYqZpjXwT-yQ6Y4qY35195XRrFO2utldo1LA4NL9-4JSteru_je27LsTuzri7x5tbBbgmNTqubdSJrNWFTTDaMDbWyrdGhVFsc5352iiEtFCFCjoh-sM0NGgbGD8oAh3YRIWY7w1YiUhZjKiCYjjftSBplnpHO-VJ4kcN0d4X2Sb52aMRxeOhuOQCV6g1f16KbxejZOfmdu_9bxV0H-42ATXbqnvAA1gy01W4syCziKn-XJu2WgWvj_OEWem2E9gG656e4BOXeggHJDviFhDZzLKc9Ae0EyBldPiDiGwVU9OCjXe6jLi1DEN-RiRYjgXwz1gdv_HVEr-6fAQfr-W3H8PydDY1T4CpVAV5kfg2y_JIBUJFaB3HeaKLzGQi8eBNCwCpGyl2uhHkVDpKgMjkIlw8WJ9bn9USJP-w23BYmhup8gvR9jqxPB58kAdp93j0fjKUoQdrLYJkM2JV8i98PHjtAHhlYfJoe0TShU-vzusl3Nob93uytz84fAa3MQdRsyfXYPm8_Gaew039_fykKl-4nsTg03Uj8wJj71oK |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6VFiE4FChFBAr4QHsAWZv344BQ2e1CX6tVt6grLq7j2KKi2i1JKY-f1l_HjJMs2wO99cDRysRO7M-esf35M8CrIFZZHijF0flqHkqJXUpFLpeFzvPUc3Ua24PCe8lgkI7H2XABLtuzMESrbMdEO1AXU0Vr5B3sk-iMKWLumIYWMez1351943SDFO20ttdp1BDZ1b9-4PStervdw7Ze9_3-1mH3I29uGOCKlOm4MmESGqMKE2PkoU2kpGu0DMLI5CpzlZYIb18W0ksC9I1poNHW065XeMozsQww31uwlOAck-iEw-jzbAeDZFrq3e2Ux7EbNqR718865HMPRhSbB_4Vd7hELfvzSqw7HzFbl9e__z9X1gNYbgJttln3jIewoCcrcG9OfhFT-zPN2moFnH2cP0xLu83ANlj39ASf2NQj2CE5EruwyKaG5aRLoKwwKaNDIURwq5icFOxwq8uIc8twKsCIHMuxAP4Fq-M3vlriV5er8OlGfvsxLE6mE_0EmEyllxexa7IsD6XnyxCtoyiPVZHpzI8deNOCQahGop1uCjkVlirgZ2IeOg6sz6zPammSf9htWFzNjGT5leh8SSSOBh_ETto9Gr0fD0XgwFqLJtGMZJX4CyUHXlswXluYOOiNSNLw6fV5vYQ7CEixtz3YfQZ3MQO_JlWuweJ5-V0_h9vq4vykKl_YTsXg-KaB-Qe0qWL2 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inversion+of+backscatter+ionograms+and+TEC+data+for+over%E2%80%90the%E2%80%90horizon+radar&rft.jtitle=Radio+science&rft.au=Fridman%2C+Sergey+V.&rft.au=Nickisch%2C+L.+J.&rft.au=Hausman%2C+Mark&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.issn=0048-6604&rft.eissn=1944-799X&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011RS004932&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1029_2011RS004932 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0048-6604&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0048-6604&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0048-6604&client=summon |