Fluid Antenna System for 6G: When Bruce Lee Inspires Wireless Communications
Since its inception, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has become a magical technology that continues to break new grounds and deliver the needed upgrades in mobile communications. The emerging 5G systems are also being labelled by many as the massive MIMO generation. This somewhat oversimplifie...
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| Vydáno v: | Electronics letters Ročník 56; číslo 24; s. 1288 - 1290 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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The Institution of Engineering and Technology
26.11.2020
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| ISSN: | 0013-5194, 1350-911X, 1350-911X |
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| Abstract | Since its inception, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has become a magical technology that continues to break new grounds and deliver the needed upgrades in mobile communications. The emerging 5G systems are also being labelled by many as the massive MIMO generation. This somewhat oversimplified view is perhaps a reflection of the great impact MIMO has had on our generation of mobile communication networks. Although the technologies have evolved in the past decades, the principle remains the same—to exploit the diversity of different copies of signals at independent locations for reducing the degree of fading and randomness of wireless channels. Through signal processing and coding, the diversity has been translated successfully into capacity gain and enhancement in other forms of the quality-of-service. This article identifies “fluid” antenna as a trending technology that may succeed MIMO and become a reality to transform wireless communications to a new height. Fluid antenna is a radical approach that advocates software-controlled position-flexible shape-flexible antenna. The concept liberates antennas to unleash massive diversity inherent in the small space of a mobile device and makes possible new opportunities that were previously unthinkable. This article attempts to be imaginative and aims to take readers on a short journey of what fluid antenna might bring in future-generation mobile communications systems and speculate on its impact. |
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| AbstractList | Since its inception, multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) has become a magical technology that continues to break new grounds and deliver the needed upgrades in mobile communications. The emerging 5G systems are also being labelled by many as the massive MIMO generation. This somewhat oversimplified view is perhaps a reflection of the great impact MIMO has had on our generation of mobile communication networks. Although the technologies have evolved in the past decades, the principle remains the same—to exploit the diversity of different copies of signals at independent locations for reducing the degree of fading and randomness of wireless channels. Through signal processing and coding, the diversity has been translated successfully into capacity gain and enhancement in other forms of the quality‐of‐service. This article identifies “fluid” antenna as a trending technology that may succeed MIMO and become a reality to transform wireless communications to a new height. Fluid antenna is a radical approach that advocates software‐controlled position‐flexible shape‐flexible antenna. The concept liberates antennas to unleash massive diversity inherent in the small space of a mobile device and makes possible new opportunities that were previously unthinkable. This article attempts to be imaginative and aims to take readers on a short journey of what fluid antenna might bring in future‐generation mobile communications systems and speculate on its impact. |
| Author | Wong, Kai-Kit Tong, Kin-Fai Zhang, Yangyang Zhongbin, Zheng |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kai-Kit surname: Wong fullname: Wong, Kai-Kit organization: Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Kin-Fai surname: Tong fullname: Tong, Kin-Fai organization: Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom – sequence: 3 givenname: Yangyang surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yangyang organization: Kuang-Chi Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Zheng surname: Zhongbin fullname: Zhongbin, Zheng organization: East China Institute of Telecommunications, Beijing, China |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1049/iet-map.2017.0731 10.1109/TAP.2013.2293509 10.1109/MWC.001.1900488 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2903781 10.1109/LCOMM.2020.3006554 10.3390/s20010177 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2938872 10.1109/TAP.2012.2189698 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2286544 10.1109/MECAP.2010.5724209 10.1109/TAP.2016.2551358 |
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| Keywords | mobile communication networks radio networks massive diversity 5G mobile communication telecommunication services signal processing massive MIMO generation software-controlled position-flexible shape-flexible antenna trending technology quality of service future-generation mobile communications systems bruce lee inspires wireless communications 6G mobile communication mobile device capacity gain antenna arrays magical technology emerging 5G systems great impact MIMO somewhat oversimplified view fluid antenna system wireless channels MIMO communication |
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| References | Tariq, F.; Khandaker, M.R.A.; Wong, K.K. (C1) 2020; 27 Dey, A.; Guldiken, R.; Mumcu, G. (C12) 2016; 64 Morishita, A.M.; Kitamura, C.K.Y.; Ohta, A.T.; Shiroma, W.A. (C11) 2013; 12 Wong, K.K.; Shojaeifard, A.; Tong, K.F. (C6) 2020 Xing, L.; Zhu, J.; Xu, Q.; Yan, D.; Zhao, Y. (C9) 2019; 18 Borda-Fortuny, C.; Tong, K.F.; Chetty, K. (C4) 2018; 12 Paracha, K.N.; Butt, A.D.; Alghamdi, A.S. (C3) 2020; 20 Hayes, G.J.; So, J.-H.; Qusba, A.; Dickey, M.D.; Lazzi, G. (C10) 2012; 60 Song, S.; Murch, R.D. (C13) 2014; 62 Singh, A.; Goode, I.; Saavedra, C.E. (C5) 2019; 18 2020; 27 2019 2012; 60 2016; 64 2019; 18 2020; 20 2018; 12 2014; 62 2020 2013; 12 20–22 October 2010 e_1_2_6_8_2 e_1_2_6_7_2 e_1_2_6_9_2 e_1_2_6_4_2 e_1_2_6_3_2 e_1_2_6_6_2 e_1_2_6_5_2 e_1_2_6_12_2 e_1_2_6_13_2 e_1_2_6_2_2 e_1_2_6_10_2 e_1_2_6_11_2 e_1_2_6_16_2 e_1_2_6_14_2 e_1_2_6_15_2 |
| References_xml | – volume: 60 start-page: 2151 issue: 5 year: 2012 end-page: 2156 ident: C10 article-title: Flexible liquid metal alloy (EGaIn) microstrip patch antenna publication-title: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. – volume: 18 start-page: 856 issue: 5 year: 2019 end-page: 860 ident: C5 article-title: A multistate frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna using fluidic channels publication-title: IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. – volume: 12 start-page: 779 issue: 5 year: 2018 end-page: 782 ident: C4 article-title: Low-cost mechanism to reconfigure the operating frequency band of a Vivaldi antenna for cognitive radio and spectrum monitoring applications publication-title: IET Microw. Antennas Propag. – volume: 20 start-page: 177 year: 2020 ident: C3 article-title: Liquid metal antennas: Materials, fabrication and applications publication-title: Sensors – volume: 18 start-page: 2140 issue: 10 year: 2019 end-page: 2144 ident: C9 article-title: A circular beam-steering antenna with parasitic water reflectors publication-title: IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. – volume: 12 start-page: 1388 year: 2013 end-page: 1391 ident: C11 article-title: A liquid-metal monopole array with tunable frequency, gain, and beam steering publication-title: IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. – volume: 62 start-page: 609 issue: 2 year: 2014 end-page: 620 ident: C13 article-title: An efficient approach for optimizing frequency reconfigurable pixel antennas using genetic algorithms publication-title: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. – volume: 27 start-page: 118 issue: 4 year: 2020 end-page: 125 ident: C1 article-title: A speculative study on 6G publication-title: IEEE Wirel. Commun. – year: 2020 ident: C6 article-title: Performance limits of fluid antenna systems publication-title: IEEE Commun. Lett. – volume: 64 start-page: 2572 issue: 6 year: 2016 end-page: 2576 ident: C12 article-title: Microfluidically reconfigured wideband frequency-tunable liquid-metal monopole antenna publication-title: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. – volume: 12 start-page: 1388 year: 2013 end-page: 1391 article-title: A liquid‐metal monopole array with tunable frequency, gain, and beam steering publication-title: IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. – volume: 20 start-page: 177 year: 2020 article-title: Liquid metal antennas: Materials, fabrication and applications publication-title: Sensors – year: 20–22 October 2010 article-title: Fluid antennas – volume: 27 start-page: 118 issue: 4 year: 2020 end-page: 125 article-title: A speculative study on 6G publication-title: IEEE Wirel. Commun. – volume: 18 start-page: 856 issue: 5 year: 2019 end-page: 860 article-title: A multistate frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna using fluidic channels publication-title: IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. – volume: 60 start-page: 2151 issue: 5 year: 2012 end-page: 2156 article-title: Flexible liquid metal alloy (EGaIn) microstrip patch antenna publication-title: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. – year: 2020 article-title: Performance limits of fluid antenna systems publication-title: IEEE Commun. Lett. – year: 2019 – volume: 64 start-page: 2572 issue: 6 year: 2016 end-page: 2576 article-title: Microfluidically reconfigured wideband frequency‐tunable liquid‐metal monopole antenna publication-title: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. – volume: 18 start-page: 2140 issue: 10 year: 2019 end-page: 2144 article-title: A circular beam‐steering antenna with parasitic water reflectors publication-title: IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. – volume: 62 start-page: 609 issue: 2 year: 2014 end-page: 620 article-title: An efficient approach for optimizing frequency reconfigurable pixel antennas using genetic algorithms publication-title: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. – volume: 12 start-page: 779 issue: 5 year: 2018 end-page: 782 article-title: Low‐cost mechanism to reconfigure the operating frequency band of a Vivaldi antenna for cognitive radio and spectrum monitoring applications publication-title: IET Microw. Antennas Propag. – ident: e_1_2_6_5_2 doi: 10.1049/iet-map.2017.0731 – ident: e_1_2_6_16_2 – ident: e_1_2_6_14_2 doi: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2293509 – ident: e_1_2_6_2_2 doi: 10.1109/MWC.001.1900488 – ident: e_1_2_6_6_2 doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2903781 – ident: e_1_2_6_7_2 doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2020.3006554 – ident: e_1_2_6_4_2 doi: 10.3390/s20010177 – ident: e_1_2_6_10_2 doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2938872 – ident: e_1_2_6_11_2 doi: 10.1109/TAP.2012.2189698 – ident: e_1_2_6_8_2 – ident: e_1_2_6_12_2 doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2286544 – ident: e_1_2_6_3_2 doi: 10.1109/MECAP.2010.5724209 – ident: e_1_2_6_13_2 doi: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2551358 – ident: e_1_2_6_15_2 – ident: e_1_2_6_9_2 |
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| Snippet | Since its inception, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has become a magical technology that continues to break new grounds and deliver the needed upgrades... Since its inception, multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) has become a magical technology that continues to break new grounds and deliver the needed upgrades... |
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| SubjectTerms | 5G mobile communication 6G mobile communication antenna arrays bruce lee inspires wireless communications capacity gain emerging 5G systems Features fluid antenna system future‐generation mobile communications systems great impact MIMO magical technology massive diversity massive MIMO generation MIMO communication mobile communication networks mobile device quality of service radio networks signal processing software‐controlled position‐flexible shape‐flexible antenna somewhat oversimplified view telecommunication services trending technology wireless channels |
| Title | Fluid Antenna System for 6G: When Bruce Lee Inspires Wireless Communications |
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