Identifying Causes of Temporal Changes in Acropora cervicornis Populations and the Potential for Recovery
Corals, specifically the Atlantic staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, have become more vulnerable to disturbance events such as storms and disease and predation outbreaks. Since its population declines due to a wide spread disease event in the early 1980s, limited long-term monitoring studies desc...
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| Vydáno v: | Frontiers in Marine Science Ročník 6 |
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12.02.2019
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| Abstract | Corals, specifically the Atlantic staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, have become more vulnerable to disturbance events such as storms and disease and predation outbreaks. Since its population declines due to a wide spread disease event in the early 1980s, limited long-term monitoring studies describing the impact of current threats and potential recovery have been completed. The aim of this study was to document the impacts of environmental (tropical storms, increased wind) and biological (disease and predation) threats on A. cervicornis to further understand its dynamics and potential for recovery. Two high-density A. cervicornis patches (greater than 1 hectare each) were surveyed tri-annually (winter, summer, fall) from 2008-2016. Acropora cervicornis percent cover, canopy height, census of individuals (fragments, colonies and masses), and prevalence and occurrence of disease, predation, and bleaching were evaluated within permanent 3.5 m radial plots. Temporal variability was observed in mean percent live cover at both patches and resulted in an overall loss of tissue. Frequent disturbances such as tropical storms, hurricanes, and disease events caused increased, prolonged, and widespread mortality. Periods void of disturbance allowed for recovery and growth. Prevalence and occurrence of disease and predation were highly variable between monitoring events. They were also found to be significantly higher on masses (individuals ≥ 1.5 m) than on colonies and during summer surveys. These data indicate that substantial length of time between major disturbance events are necessary for recovery and growth of this species. The implication from these results is that given the current rates of growth, recruitment, and storm frequency, natural species recovery is unlikely unless larger scale issues are addressed such as climate change and ocean warming, which could reduce the intensity and frequency of disease and predation. |
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| AbstractList | Corals, specifically the Atlantic staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, have become more vulnerable to disturbance events such as storms and disease and predation outbreaks. Since its population declines due to a wide spread disease event in the early 1980s, limited long-term monitoring studies describing the impact of current threats and potential recovery have been completed. The aim of this study was to document the impacts of environmental (tropical storms, increased wind) and biological (disease and predation) threats on A. cervicornis to further understand its dynamics and potential for recovery. Two high-density A. cervicornis patches (greater than 1 hectare each) were surveyed tri-annually (winter, summer, fall) from 2008-2016. Acropora cervicornis percent cover, canopy height, census of individuals (fragments, colonies and masses), and prevalence and occurrence of disease, predation, and bleaching were evaluated within permanent 3.5 m radial plots. Temporal variability was observed in mean percent live cover at both patches and resulted in an overall loss of tissue. Frequent disturbances such as tropical storms, hurricanes, and disease events caused increased, prolonged, and widespread mortality. Periods void of disturbance allowed for recovery and growth. Prevalence and occurrence of disease and predation were highly variable between monitoring events. They were also found to be significantly higher on masses (individuals ≥ 1.5 m) than on colonies and during summer surveys. These data indicate that substantial length of time between major disturbance events are necessary for recovery and growth of this species. The implication from these results is that given the current rates of growth, recruitment, and storm frequency, natural species recovery is unlikely unless larger scale issues are addressed such as climate change and ocean warming, which could reduce the intensity and frequency of disease and predation. Corals, specifically the Atlantic staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, are under major threat as disturbance events such as storms and disease and predation outbreaks increase in frequency. Since its population declines due to a wide spread disease event in the early 1980s, limited long-term monitoring studies describing the impact of current threats and potential recovery have been completed. The aim of this study was to document the impacts of environmental (tropical storms, increased wind) and biological (disease and predation) threats on A. cervicornis to further understand its population dynamics and potential for recovery. Two high-density A. cervicornis patches (greater than 1 hectare each) were surveyed tri-annually (winter, summer, fall) from 2008–2016. A. cervicornis percent cover, canopy height, census of individuals, and prevalence and occurrence of disease, predation, and bleaching were evaluated within permanent 3.5 m radial plots (n = 27 and 31). Temporal variability was observed in mean percent live cover at both patches and showed an overall loss of tissue. Frequent disturbances such as tropical storms, hurricanes, and disease events, caused increased, prolonged, and widespread mortality. Periods void of disturbance allowed for recovery and growth. Prevalence and occurrence of disease and predation were highly variable between monitoring events. They were also found to be significantly higher on masses (individuals ≥ 1.5 m) than on colonies and during summer surveys (June–August). These data indicate that substantial length of time between major disturbance events is necessary for recovery and growth of this species. The implication of these results is that given the current rates of growth, recruitment, and storm frequency, natural species recovery is unlikely unless large scale issues like climate change and ocean warming, which affect the intensity and frequency of disease and predation, are addressed. |
| Author | Walker, Brian K. Goergen, Elizabeth A. Moulding, Alison L. Gilliam, David S. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.2307/1929924 10.1007/s00338-015-1341-1348 10.1038/srep31374 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00836.x 10.1038/srep00804 10.7717/peerj.2523 10.1007/s00338-003-0336-z 10.7717/peerj.2711 10.1007/s00338-005-0502-506 10.7717/peerj.2473 10.1007/BF00334481 10.1126/science.285.5433.1505 10.5479/si.01960768.31.1 10.7717/peerj.541 10.1126/science.aan8048 10.3354/meps301119 10.3389/fmars.2016.00077 10.7717/peerj.1239 10.1007/BF02407510 10.1038/294251a0 10.5343/bms.2015.1038 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00424.x 10.1007/BF00334474 10.3354/meps10996 10.5670/oceanog.2007.91 10.3354/meps321123 10.1002/aqc.1146 10.1023/A:1013103928980 10.3389/fmars.2016.00261 10.1007/s00338-012-0910-913 10.1007/BF00302202 10.1007/BF00346259 10.7717/peerj.4433 |
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| Snippet | Corals, specifically the Atlantic staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, have become more vulnerable to disturbance events such as storms and disease and... Corals, specifically the Atlantic staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, are under major threat as disturbance events such as storms and disease and predation... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acropora cervicornis Bleaching Climate change Colonies Coral reefs Corals demographic monitoring Demography disease Diseases Endangered & extinct species Environmental impact Epidemics fireworm Fisheries Florida Growth Hurricanes Interspecific relationships long-term monitoring Mortality Ocean warming Plant cover Population decline Predation Recovery Storms Summer Surveys Temporal variations time series Tropical climate Tropical depressions Wildlife conservation |
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| Title | Identifying Causes of Temporal Changes in Acropora cervicornis Populations and the Potential for Recovery |
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