What happens when software developers are (un)happy

•Consequences of happiness and unhappiness among software developers detailed.•More positive consequences of happiness are experienced related to the self.•More negative consequences of unhappiness are experienced for external factors.•Results based on qualitative analysis of more than 300 developer...

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Veröffentlicht in:	The Journal of systems and software Jg. 140; S. 32 - 47
Hauptverfasser:	Graziotin, Daniel, Fagerholm, Fabian, Wang, Xiaofeng, Abrahamsson, Pekka
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Elsevier Inc 01.06.2018
Schlagworte:	Affect Behavioral software engineering Computer software selection and evaluation Cost effectiveness Developer experience Emotion Happiness Human aspects Productivity Software design Software engineering Behavioral software engineering Happiness Emotion Affect Developer experience Human aspects
ISSN:	0164-1212, 1873-1228, 1873-1228
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Abstract	•Consequences of happiness and unhappiness among software developers detailed.•More positive consequences of happiness are experienced related to the self.•More negative consequences of unhappiness are experienced for external factors.•Results based on qualitative analysis of more than 300 developers’ experiences.•Category scheme of consequences usable for further studies and as guidelines. The growing literature on affect among software developers mostly reports on the linkage between happiness, software quality, and developer productivity. Understanding happiness and unhappiness in all its components – positive and negative emotions and moods – is an attractive and important endeavor. Scholars in industrial and organizational psychology have suggested that understanding happiness and unhappiness could lead to cost-effective ways of enhancing working conditions, job performance, and to limiting the occurrence of psychological disorders. Our comprehension of the consequences of (un)happiness among developers is still too shallow, being mainly expressed in terms of development productivity and software quality. In this paper, we study what happens when developers are happy and unhappy while developing software. Qualitative data analysis of responses given by 317 questionnaire participants identified 42 consequences of unhappiness and 32 of happiness. We found consequences of happiness and unhappiness that are beneficial and detrimental for developers’ mental well-being, the software development process, and the produced artifacts. Our classification scheme, available as open data enables new happiness research opportunities of cause-effect type, and it can act as a guideline for practitioners for identifying damaging effects of unhappiness and for fostering happiness on the job.
AbstractList	The growing literature on affect among software developers mostly reports on the linkage between happiness, software quality, and developer productivity. Understanding happiness and unhappiness in all its components – positive and negative emotions and moods – is an attractive and important endeavor. Scholars in industrial and organizational psychology have suggested that understanding happiness and unhappiness could lead to cost-effective ways of enhancing working conditions, job performance, and to limiting the occurrence of psychological disorders. Our comprehension of the consequences of (un)happiness among developers is still too shallow, being mainly expressed in terms of development productivity and software quality. In this paper, we study what happens when developers are happy and unhappy while developing software. Qualitative data analysis of responses given by 317 questionnaire participants identified 42 consequences of unhappiness and 32 of happiness. We found consequences of happiness and unhappiness that are beneficial and detrimental for developers’ mental well-being, the software development process, and the produced artifacts. Our classification scheme, available as open data enables new happiness research opportunities of cause-effect type, and it can act as a guideline for practitioners for identifying damaging effects of unhappiness and for fostering happiness on the job. © 2018 •Consequences of happiness and unhappiness among software developers detailed.•More positive consequences of happiness are experienced related to the self.•More negative consequences of unhappiness are experienced for external factors.•Results based on qualitative analysis of more than 300 developers’ experiences.•Category scheme of consequences usable for further studies and as guidelines. The growing literature on affect among software developers mostly reports on the linkage between happiness, software quality, and developer productivity. Understanding happiness and unhappiness in all its components – positive and negative emotions and moods – is an attractive and important endeavor. Scholars in industrial and organizational psychology have suggested that understanding happiness and unhappiness could lead to cost-effective ways of enhancing working conditions, job performance, and to limiting the occurrence of psychological disorders. Our comprehension of the consequences of (un)happiness among developers is still too shallow, being mainly expressed in terms of development productivity and software quality. In this paper, we study what happens when developers are happy and unhappy while developing software. Qualitative data analysis of responses given by 317 questionnaire participants identified 42 consequences of unhappiness and 32 of happiness. We found consequences of happiness and unhappiness that are beneficial and detrimental for developers’ mental well-being, the software development process, and the produced artifacts. Our classification scheme, available as open data enables new happiness research opportunities of cause-effect type, and it can act as a guideline for practitioners for identifying damaging effects of unhappiness and for fostering happiness on the job.
Author	Graziotin, Daniel Abrahamsson, Pekka Fagerholm, Fabian Wang, Xiaofeng
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Daniel surname: Graziotin fullname: Graziotin, Daniel email: daniel.graziotin@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de organization: Institute of Software Technology, University of Stuttgart, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Fabian surname: Fagerholm fullname: Fagerholm, Fabian email: fabian.fagerholm@helsinki.fi organization: Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Finland – sequence: 3 givenname: Xiaofeng surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Xiaofeng email: xiaofeng.wang@unibz.it organization: Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Pekka surname: Abrahamsson fullname: Abrahamsson, Pekka email: pekka.abrahamsson@jyu.fi organization: Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Keywords	Behavioral software engineering Happiness Emotion Affect Developer experience Human aspects
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Snippet	•Consequences of happiness and unhappiness among software developers detailed.•More positive consequences of happiness are experienced related to the... The growing literature on affect among software developers mostly reports on the linkage between happiness, software quality, and developer productivity....
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SubjectTerms	Affect Behavioral software engineering Computer software selection and evaluation Cost effectiveness Developer experience Emotion Happiness Human aspects Productivity Software design Software engineering
Title	What happens when software developers are (un)happy
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