Treated wastewater reuse in South Africa: Overview, potential and challenges

Many communities in South Africa struggle to access reliable and adequate quantities of potable water for diverse water requirements. This is against the backdrop of decreasing freshwater availability and increasing water demands. Currently, interest in the reuse of wastewater for non-drinking water...

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Vydané v:	Resources, conservation and recycling Ročník 55; číslo 2; s. 221 - 231
Hlavní autori:	Adewumi, J.R., Ilemobade, A.A., Van Zyl, J.E.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Kidlington Elsevier B.V 01.12.2010 Elsevier
Predmet:	Applied sciences Arid Conservation Demand Drinking water Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination Exact sciences and technology General purification processes Guidelines Landscapes Liquid wastes Networks Non-drinking water requirements Pollution Reuse Waste water Wastewater reuse Wastewaters Water treatment and pollution Non-drinking water requirements Wastewater reuse Arid Availability Drinking water Irrigation Health and environment Reuse Regulation Water resources Public health Waste water
ISSN:	0921-3449, 1879-0658
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Abstract	Many communities in South Africa struggle to access reliable and adequate quantities of potable water for diverse water requirements. This is against the backdrop of decreasing freshwater availability and increasing water demands. Currently, interest in the reuse of wastewater for non-drinking water requirements is increasing. This paper therefore provides an overview of the South African water resources situation and wastewater 1 1 Wastewater refers to domestic, institutional, and industrial liquid waste products collected through networks of pipes (sewers) into treatment plant. generation in order to put the need for wastewater reuse into perspective. Potential for broader implementation and parameters influencing wastewater reuse based on local attitudes and experience were discussed with recommendations to facilitate broader implementation of wastewater reuse. This paper concludes that significant potential exists for implementing wastewater reuse for large non-drinking applications (e.g. landscape irrigation and industrial processes) in arid areas of South Africa especially Western Cape Province. Parameters highlighted from local attitudes and experience to influence broader implementation in addition to aridity include distance from source, retrofitting versus new installations, quantity of reuse, tariffs, source quality, public health, willingness, public trust and knowledge, and regulations and guidelines for reuse. Prior to implementation, it is recommended that these parameters be addressed.
AbstractList	Many communities in South Africa struggle to access reliable and adequate quantities of potable water for diverse water requirements. This is against the backdrop of decreasing freshwater availability and increasing water demands. Currently, interest in the reuse of wastewater for non-drinking water requirements is increasing. This paper therefore provides an overview of the South African water resources situation and wastewater 1 1 Wastewater refers to domestic, institutional, and industrial liquid waste products collected through networks of pipes (sewers) into treatment plant. generation in order to put the need for wastewater reuse into perspective. Potential for broader implementation and parameters influencing wastewater reuse based on local attitudes and experience were discussed with recommendations to facilitate broader implementation of wastewater reuse. This paper concludes that significant potential exists for implementing wastewater reuse for large non-drinking applications (e.g. landscape irrigation and industrial processes) in arid areas of South Africa especially Western Cape Province. Parameters highlighted from local attitudes and experience to influence broader implementation in addition to aridity include distance from source, retrofitting versus new installations, quantity of reuse, tariffs, source quality, public health, willingness, public trust and knowledge, and regulations and guidelines for reuse. Prior to implementation, it is recommended that these parameters be addressed. Many communities in South Africa struggle to access reliable and adequate quantities of potable water for diverse water requirements. This is against the backdrop of decreasing freshwater availability and increasing water demands. Currently, interest in the reuse of wastewater for non-drinking water requirements is increasing. This paper therefore provides an overview of the South African water resources situation and wastewater 1 1 Wastewater refers to domestic, institutional, and industrial liquid waste products collected through networks of pipes (sewers) into treatment plant. generation in order to put the need for wastewater reuse into perspective. Potential for broader implementation and parameters influencing wastewater reuse based on local attitudes and experience were discussed with recommendations to facilitate broader implementation of wastewater reuse. This paper concludes that significant potential exists for implementing wastewater reuse for large non-drinking applications (e.g. landscape irrigation and industrial processes) in arid areas of South Africa especially Western Cape Province. Parameters highlighted from local attitudes and experience to influence broader implementation in addition to aridity include distance from source, retrofitting versus new installations, quantity of reuse, tariffs, source quality, public health, willingness, public trust and knowledge, and regulations and guidelines for reuse. Prior to implementation, it is recommended that these parameters be addressed.
Author	Van Zyl, J.E. Adewumi, J.R. Ilemobade, A.A.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: J.R. surname: Adewumi fullname: Adewumi, J.R. email: James.Adewumi@students.wits.ac.za, jradewumi@gmail.com organization: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS. 2050, South Africa – sequence: 2 givenname: A.A. surname: Ilemobade fullname: Ilemobade, A.A. organization: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS. 2050, South Africa – sequence: 3 givenname: J.E. surname: Van Zyl fullname: Van Zyl, J.E. organization: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Title	Treated wastewater reuse in South Africa: Overview, potential and challenges
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