Experimental infection of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus with nodavirus: tissue distribution and immune response
Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, age 8 mo and weighing 20 g, were challenged by either intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or by bath exposure using nodavirus isolated from Atlantic halibut. Fish were sampled at intervals over a 41 d period, starting on Day 5 post-challenge. Although no clin...
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| Published in: | Diseases of aquatic organisms Vol. 53; no. 3; p. 211 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Germany
27.02.2003
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| ISSN: | 0177-5103 |
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| Abstract | Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, age 8 mo and weighing 20 g, were challenged by either intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or by bath exposure using nodavirus isolated from Atlantic halibut. Fish were sampled at intervals over a 41 d period, starting on Day 5 post-challenge. Although no clinical disease or mortality was recorded, the data show that nodavirus did successfully propagate in i.p.-challenged fish. Using conventional end-point reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, nodavirus was detected in the kidney of all examined i.p.-challenged fish, and further in the head, heart, liver and posterior intestine of most of these individuals. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that the amount of virus in head samples from the i.p.-challenged group increased during the experiment. The presence of nodavirus in nervous tissue of i.p.-challenged fish was detected by immunohistochemistry from Day 13 post-challenge. In the retina, virus positive cells were found adjacent to the circumferential germinal zone at the ciliary margin towards the iris. In the brain, a few positive cells were detected in the tectum opticum. An ELISA was developed to detect anti-nodavirus activity in plasma. The method included an optimized coating procedure, which allowed the use of non-purified nodavirus as the coating antigen in a simple indirect ELISA. An anti-nodavirus antibody response was detected from Day 19 post-challenge in i.p.-challenged fish, while a response was not detected in the bath-challenged or control fish. This experiment demonstrates a subclinical nodavirus infection in Atlantic halibut at a post-juvenile stage induced by i.p. injection of virus. |
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| AbstractList | Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, age 8 mo and weighing 20 g, were challenged by either intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or by bath exposure using nodavirus isolated from Atlantic halibut. Fish were sampled at intervals over a 41 d period, starting on Day 5 post-challenge. Although no clinical disease or mortality was recorded, the data show that nodavirus did successfully propagate in i.p.-challenged fish. Using conventional end-point reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, nodavirus was detected in the kidney of all examined i.p.-challenged fish, and further in the head, heart, liver and posterior intestine of most of these individuals. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that the amount of virus in head samples from the i.p.-challenged group increased during the experiment. The presence of nodavirus in nervous tissue of i.p.-challenged fish was detected by immunohistochemistry from Day 13 post-challenge. In the retina, virus positive cells were found adjacent to the circumferential germinal zone at the ciliary margin towards the iris. In the brain, a few positive cells were detected in the tectum opticum. An ELISA was developed to detect anti-nodavirus activity in plasma. The method included an optimized coating procedure, which allowed the use of non-purified nodavirus as the coating antigen in a simple indirect ELISA. An anti-nodavirus antibody response was detected from Day 19 post-challenge in i.p.-challenged fish, while a response was not detected in the bath-challenged or control fish. This experiment demonstrates a subclinical nodavirus infection in Atlantic halibut at a post-juvenile stage induced by i.p. injection of virus. Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, age 8 mo and weighing 20 g, were challenged by either intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or by bath exposure using nodavirus isolated from Atlantic halibut. Fish were sampled at intervals over a 41 d period, starting on Day 5 post-challenge. Although no clinical disease or mortality was recorded, the data show that nodavirus did successfully propagate in i.p.-challenged fish. Using conventional end-point reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, nodavirus was detected in the kidney of all examined i.p.-challenged fish, and further in the head, heart, liver and posterior intestine of most of these individuals. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that the amount of virus in head samples from the i.p.-challenged group increased during the experiment. The presence of nodavirus in nervous tissue of i.p.-challenged fish was detected by immunohistochemistry from Day 13 post-challenge. In the retina, virus positive cells were found adjacent to the circumferential germinal zone at the ciliary margin towards the iris. In the brain, a few positive cells were detected in the tectum opticum. An ELISA was developed to detect anti-nodavirus activity in plasma. The method included an optimized coating procedure, which allowed the use of non-purified nodavirus as the coating antigen in a simple indirect ELISA. An anti-nodavirus antibody response was detected from Day 19 post-challenge in i.p.-challenged fish, while a response was not detected in the bath-challenged or control fish. This experiment demonstrates a subclinical nodavirus infection in Atlantic halibut at a post-juvenile stage induced by i.p. injection of virus.Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, age 8 mo and weighing 20 g, were challenged by either intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or by bath exposure using nodavirus isolated from Atlantic halibut. Fish were sampled at intervals over a 41 d period, starting on Day 5 post-challenge. Although no clinical disease or mortality was recorded, the data show that nodavirus did successfully propagate in i.p.-challenged fish. Using conventional end-point reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, nodavirus was detected in the kidney of all examined i.p.-challenged fish, and further in the head, heart, liver and posterior intestine of most of these individuals. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that the amount of virus in head samples from the i.p.-challenged group increased during the experiment. The presence of nodavirus in nervous tissue of i.p.-challenged fish was detected by immunohistochemistry from Day 13 post-challenge. In the retina, virus positive cells were found adjacent to the circumferential germinal zone at the ciliary margin towards the iris. In the brain, a few positive cells were detected in the tectum opticum. An ELISA was developed to detect anti-nodavirus activity in plasma. The method included an optimized coating procedure, which allowed the use of non-purified nodavirus as the coating antigen in a simple indirect ELISA. An anti-nodavirus antibody response was detected from Day 19 post-challenge in i.p.-challenged fish, while a response was not detected in the bath-challenged or control fish. This experiment demonstrates a subclinical nodavirus infection in Atlantic halibut at a post-juvenile stage induced by i.p. injection of virus. |
| Author | Ranheim, T Dannevig, B H Grove, S Johansen, R Reitan, L J |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12691192$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Antibodies, Viral - analysis Brain - pathology Brain - virology Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - veterinary Fish Diseases - immunology Fish Diseases - virology Flounder Gills - virology Heart - virology Immunocompetence Immunohistochemistry - veterinary Injections, Intraperitoneal - veterinary Intestines - virology Kidney - virology Liver - virology Nodaviridae - immunology Nodaviridae - isolation & purification Nodaviridae - physiology Retina - pathology Retina - virology Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary RNA Virus Infections - immunology RNA Virus Infections - veterinary RNA Virus Infections - virology |
| Title | Experimental infection of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus with nodavirus: tissue distribution and immune response |
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