Process Monitoring of Lactone Ring Formation and Opening by Operando Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy
Inline monitoring of chemical processes using spectroscopy is a powerful approach to replace conventional sampling. Spectroscopic data can be used with regression models to determine the endpoint or the onset temperature of reactions and can thus improve the efficiency and economics of processes. Sp...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Chemistry methods Vol. 5; no. 10 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Weinheim
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.10.2025
|
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 2628-9725, 2628-9725 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Inline monitoring of chemical processes using spectroscopy is a powerful approach to replace conventional sampling. Spectroscopic data can be used with regression models to determine the endpoint or the onset temperature of reactions and can thus improve the efficiency and economics of processes. Spectroscopic data recorded during reactor operation is often complex, but partial least squares (PLS) is well‐suited for dealing with this complexity. Here, we employed in situ attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) into γ‐valerolactone (GVL) and operando ATR‐IR spectroscopy in the ring‐opening of γ‐stearolactone (GSL), at high temperatures and pressures. Using PLS, we constructed a model to predict the GVL concentrations from spectra recorded during LA hydrogenation and determined the onset temperature of GVL formation. During the hydrogenation of branched unsaturated fatty acids, we determined the concentrations of the dilute byproduct GSL. The onset temperature of GSL ring‐opening could not be determined, due to excessive variance caused by temperature differences during reactor heating, compared to limited variance caused by GSL conversion. We believe that in the oleochemical industry, this methodology can be used as a quality control tool to ensure that the produced branched saturated fatty acid fall within the GSL concentration specification limits.
Inline monitoring of chemical reactions using spectroscopy can lead to great improvements in process efficiency and economics. In this work, we performed inline attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy on two reactions involving bioderived lactones. Using partial least squares regression, we were able to gain information on the kinetics of the reactions, during batch reactor operation at high temperature and pressure. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Inline monitoring of chemical processes using spectroscopy is a powerful approach to replace conventional sampling. Spectroscopic data can be used with regression models to determine the endpoint or the onset temperature of reactions and can thus improve the efficiency and economics of processes. Spectroscopic data recorded during reactor operation is often complex, but partial least squares (PLS) is well‐suited for dealing with this complexity. Here, we employed in situ attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) into γ ‐valerolactone (GVL) and operando ATR‐IR spectroscopy in the ring‐opening of γ ‐stearolactone (GSL), at high temperatures and pressures. Using PLS, we constructed a model to predict the GVL concentrations from spectra recorded during LA hydrogenation and determined the onset temperature of GVL formation. During the hydrogenation of branched unsaturated fatty acids, we determined the concentrations of the dilute byproduct GSL. The onset temperature of GSL ring‐opening could not be determined, due to excessive variance caused by temperature differences during reactor heating, compared to limited variance caused by GSL conversion. We believe that in the oleochemical industry, this methodology can be used as a quality control tool to ensure that the produced branched saturated fatty acid fall within the GSL concentration specification limits. Inline monitoring of chemical processes using spectroscopy is a powerful approach to replace conventional sampling. Spectroscopic data can be used with regression models to determine the endpoint or the onset temperature of reactions and can thus improve the efficiency and economics of processes. Spectroscopic data recorded during reactor operation is often complex, but partial least squares (PLS) is well‐suited for dealing with this complexity. Here, we employed in situ attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) into γ‐valerolactone (GVL) and operando ATR‐IR spectroscopy in the ring‐opening of γ‐stearolactone (GSL), at high temperatures and pressures. Using PLS, we constructed a model to predict the GVL concentrations from spectra recorded during LA hydrogenation and determined the onset temperature of GVL formation. During the hydrogenation of branched unsaturated fatty acids, we determined the concentrations of the dilute byproduct GSL. The onset temperature of GSL ring‐opening could not be determined, due to excessive variance caused by temperature differences during reactor heating, compared to limited variance caused by GSL conversion. We believe that in the oleochemical industry, this methodology can be used as a quality control tool to ensure that the produced branched saturated fatty acid fall within the GSL concentration specification limits. Inline monitoring of chemical reactions using spectroscopy can lead to great improvements in process efficiency and economics. In this work, we performed inline attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy on two reactions involving bioderived lactones. Using partial least squares regression, we were able to gain information on the kinetics of the reactions, during batch reactor operation at high temperature and pressure. |
| Author | de Peinder, Peter Monai, Matteo Bos, Jelle W. Weckhuysen, Bert M. Vogt, Eelco T. C. Janssens, Joris C. L. Oord, Ramon |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jelle W. surname: Bos fullname: Bos, Jelle W. organization: Utrecht University – sequence: 2 givenname: Peter surname: de Peinder fullname: de Peinder, Peter organization: VibSpec – sequence: 3 givenname: Joris C. L. surname: Janssens fullname: Janssens, Joris C. L. organization: Utrecht University – sequence: 4 givenname: Ramon surname: Oord fullname: Oord, Ramon organization: Utrecht University – sequence: 5 givenname: Matteo surname: Monai fullname: Monai, Matteo organization: Utrecht University – sequence: 6 givenname: Eelco T. C. surname: Vogt fullname: Vogt, Eelco T. C. organization: Utrecht University – sequence: 7 givenname: Bert M. orcidid: 0000-0001-5245-1426 surname: Weckhuysen fullname: Weckhuysen, Bert M. email: b.m.weckhuysen@uu.nl organization: Utrecht University |
| BookMark | eNqFUE1PAjEQbQwmInL13MQz2G23H3skKEoCwSCeN6XbmiVLu7YlZP-93WCMN0_z5s2beZN3CwbWWQ3AfYamGUL4UR1jNcUIU4QQza_AEDMsJgXHdPAH34BxCIckwQUmGc2G4PzmndIhwLWzdXS-tp_QGbiSKiYDuO37hfNHGWtnobQV3LTa9uy-66FPlIOzGLU9yagruHNRNnCrTaNVlFZpuLTGS59G722ivAvKtd0duDayCXr8U0fgY_G8m79OVpuX5Xy2mijCOZlgU1FhBBccM7kXhhlRcM0JIaKgLJdZrooCY1KwbM-4QJQgw3LNJOK5NsSQEXi43G29-zrpEMuDO3mbLEuCqchzSlIUIzC9qFR6L3htytbXR-m7MkNln2_Z51v-5psW6GXhXDe6-0ddzte7J45QRsg3ikJ_8w |
| Cites_doi | 10.1002/cssc.201200111 10.1039/C6GC02598F 10.1016/j.chemolab.2020.104229 10.1016/0959-1524(96)00009-1 10.1039/D0RA08907A 10.1002/cmtd.202100041 10.1002/cssc.201100631 10.1002/aic.690481018 10.1021/jp951561t 10.1021/op500261y 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c09161 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.12.012 10.1366/0003702981942582 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.02.003 10.1177/0003702820987847 10.1016/S0169-7439(01)00155-1 10.1002/ejlt.201300315 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2025 The Author(s). Chemistry ‐ Methods published by Chemistry Europe and Wiley‐VCH GmbH 2025. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2025 The Author(s). Chemistry ‐ Methods published by Chemistry Europe and Wiley‐VCH GmbH – notice: 2025. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | 24P AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7XB 88I 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO GNUQQ HCIFZ M2P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U |
| DOI | 10.1002/cmtd.202500054 |
| DatabaseName | Wiley Online Library Open Access CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Science Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection Science Database ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: 24P name: Wiley Online Library Open Access url: https://authorservices.wiley.com/open-science/open-access/browse-journals.html sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 2 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Chemistry |
| EISSN | 2628-9725 |
| EndPage | n/a |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1002_cmtd_202500054 CMTD70013 |
| Genre | article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – fundername: Launchpad for Innovative Future Technology (LIFT) |
| GroupedDBID | 0R~ 1OC 24P 88I AAMMB ABDBF ABUWG ACCMX AEFGJ AFKRA AGXDD AIDQK AIDYY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO EBS GNUQQ HCIFZ IAO IGS ITC M2P OK1 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY WIN AAYXX AFFHD CITATION 3V. 7XB 8FK PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c3773-2fd58f878726ab8f6f897e733389564a14c99223961b6780530f64e6a074ef3f3 |
| IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 0 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001533164900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 2628-9725 |
| IngestDate | Thu Oct 09 00:06:08 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:11:54 EST 2025 Thu Oct 09 10:00:24 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 10 |
| Language | English |
| License | Attribution |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3773-2fd58f878726ab8f6f897e733389564a14c99223961b6780530f64e6a074ef3f3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5245-1426 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/3258445392?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication% |
| PQID | 3258445392 |
| PQPubID | 5069931 |
| PageCount | 10 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_3258445392 crossref_primary_10_1002_cmtd_202500054 wiley_primary_10_1002_cmtd_202500054_CMTD70013 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | October 2025 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-10-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2025 text: October 2025 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Weinheim |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Weinheim |
| PublicationTitle | Chemistry methods |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc |
| Publisher_xml | – name: John Wiley & Sons, Inc |
| References | 2021; 209 2021; 9 2014; 116 2002; 48 2011; 417 2021; 75 2015; 19 2021; 11 2012 2001 2013; 301 1996; 100 2017; 19 1998; 52 2021; 1 2001; 58 2012; 5 1996; 6 e_1_2_9_11_1 e_1_2_9_10_1 e_1_2_9_21_1 e_1_2_9_13_1 Yoshikawa M. (e_1_2_9_20_1) 2001 e_1_2_9_12_1 e_1_2_9_8_1 Alcalá M. (e_1_2_9_4_1) 2012 e_1_2_9_7_1 e_1_2_9_6_1 e_1_2_9_5_1 e_1_2_9_3_1 e_1_2_9_2_1 e_1_2_9_9_1 e_1_2_9_15_1 e_1_2_9_14_1 e_1_2_9_17_1 e_1_2_9_16_1 e_1_2_9_19_1 e_1_2_9_18_1 |
| References_xml | – volume: 19 start-page: 3 year: 2015 publication-title: Org. Process Res. Dev. – volume: 100 start-page: 403 year: 1996 publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. – volume: 116 start-page: 645 year: 2014 publication-title: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. – volume: 1 start-page: 468 year: 2021 publication-title: Chem.‐Methods – volume: 5 start-page: 1657 year: 2012 publication-title: ChemSusChem – volume: 209 start-page: 104229 year: 2021 publication-title: Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. – volume: 5 start-page: 430 year: 2012 publication-title: ChemSusChem – volume: 58 start-page: 109 year: 2001 publication-title: Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. – volume: 6 start-page: 329 year: 1996 publication-title: J. Process. Control. – start-page: 2593 year: 2001 end-page: 2620 – volume: 301 start-page: 175 year: 2013 publication-title: J. Catal. – volume: 9 start-page: 4357 year: 2021 publication-title: ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. – volume: 48 start-page: 2283 year: 2002 publication-title: AIChE J. – volume: 75 start-page: 361 year: 2021 publication-title: Appl. Spectrosc. – volume: 11 start-page: 5568 year: 2021 publication-title: RSC Adv. – volume: 52 start-page: 17 year: 1998 publication-title: Appl. Spectrosc. – volume: 417 start-page: 32 year: 2011 publication-title: Int. J. Pharm. – year: 2012 – volume: 19 start-page: 225 year: 2017 publication-title: Green Chem. – ident: e_1_2_9_12_1 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201200111 – ident: e_1_2_9_16_1 doi: 10.1039/C6GC02598F – ident: e_1_2_9_7_1 doi: 10.1016/j.chemolab.2020.104229 – ident: e_1_2_9_11_1 doi: 10.1016/0959-1524(96)00009-1 – ident: e_1_2_9_15_1 doi: 10.1039/D0RA08907A – ident: e_1_2_9_21_1 doi: 10.1002/cmtd.202100041 – ident: e_1_2_9_13_1 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201100631 – ident: e_1_2_9_6_1 doi: 10.1002/aic.690481018 – ident: e_1_2_9_8_1 doi: 10.1021/jp951561t – ident: e_1_2_9_3_1 doi: 10.1021/op500261y – ident: e_1_2_9_18_1 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c09161 – start-page: 2593 volume-title: Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy year: 2001 ident: e_1_2_9_20_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_2_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.12.012 – ident: e_1_2_9_5_1 doi: 10.1366/0003702981942582 – ident: e_1_2_9_14_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.02.003 – ident: e_1_2_9_9_1 doi: 10.1177/0003702820987847 – ident: e_1_2_9_10_1 doi: 10.1016/S0169-7439(01)00155-1 – ident: e_1_2_9_19_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_17_1 doi: 10.1002/ejlt.201300315 – volume-title: Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry year: 2012 ident: e_1_2_9_4_1 |
| SSID | ssj0002923151 |
| Score | 2.3047252 |
| Snippet | Inline monitoring of chemical processes using spectroscopy is a powerful approach to replace conventional sampling. Spectroscopic data can be used with... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref wiley |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| SubjectTerms | biomass chemometrics Compressed air Cooling Energy consumption Fatty acids Fiber optics Hydrogenation operando spectroscopy process monitoring Spectrum analysis Temperature |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Wiley Online Library Open Access dbid: 24P link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3PS8MwFA46Bb34W5xOyUHwVNYmadIex3Qo6Bhjwm4laRLwYDu2Ttl_b1677sdJxFPbQEJI3uv78pJ8H0L3QcqtVox5wj08poz0pG9jT7vYHzDFua_9UmxC9PvReBwPNm7xV_wQq4QbeEb5vwYHl2rWXpOGpp8FMH2SsIQdu2gvCGgE4g2EDVZZFgL4pdRgJJw4zxYkrJkbfdLebmI7Mq3h5iZoLaNO7_j__T1BR0vEiTuViZyiHZOdoYNuLfR2jr6XlwVw5d-Q6MO5xa-gxJMZPITvXn3HEctMYziFAqVqAa8u2ukcdwqHvucOuWo8yh2ix0NjYUsArAq_ZHYKJ90xyN0XQKCZTxYX6L33NOo-e0s9Bi-lQlCPWB1GNnIuTrhUkeU2ioUR1K1y3SqLyYClwHJLYx4oDloJ1LecGS4dTDGWWnqJGpnr-BXCDqfFPJJaKEkZMyxSgVstK50GilKehk30UM9FMqloN5KKYJkkMJDJaiCbqFVPVbJ0v1lCicNVLHTYr4mqSfmllaT7NnqELXh6_dcKN-gQSqsDfi3UKKZzc4v206_iYza9K83xBx2M4JE priority: 102 providerName: Wiley-Blackwell |
| Title | Process Monitoring of Lactone Ring Formation and Opening by Operando Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy |
| URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fcmtd.202500054 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3258445392 |
| Volume | 5 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001533164900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2628-9725 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002923151 issn: 2628-9725 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20210601 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2628-9725 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002923151 issn: 2628-9725 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20210601 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2628-9725 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002923151 issn: 2628-9725 databaseCode: M2P dateStart: 20210601 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library Free Content customDbUrl: eissn: 2628-9725 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002923151 issn: 2628-9725 databaseCode: WIN dateStart: 20200101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com providerName: Wiley-Blackwell – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library Open Access customDbUrl: eissn: 2628-9725 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002923151 issn: 2628-9725 databaseCode: 24P dateStart: 20200101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://authorservices.wiley.com/open-science/open-access/browse-journals.html providerName: Wiley-Blackwell |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9swDCbWtEB32asdli0rdBiwk1tbkmX7NGRZgwVYAiPI0PZkWJYE9FA7S9wW_fcj_ejj0h12smnAgiBK4ieS4gfwJSiUM1pKL8KHJ7XNvdx3iWfQ9gdSK-UbvyGbiBaL-Pw8STuH27ZLq-z3xGajNlVBPvITwdFUyhDN-bf1H49Yoyi62lFo7MAuVSqTA9j9frpIl_deFk74JQz6ao0-PymuaioQysMGrTy1Rg8Q8zFQbSzN9PX_9vENvOowJhu3k-ItvLDlO9if9NRuB3DbXQ9g7Yom1x6rHPtF3DulZUuSp_2tRpaXhlHeCX3Vd_SK9s1UbFwj3r5GrGrYqkIMz5bWURCA5hGblW5Due2MCO5rKplZre8O4ff0dDX56XUMDF4hokh43JkwdjEuaq5yHTvl4iSykcBzLZ6rZB7IguraikQFWhE7gvCdklblCEysE068h0GJHf8ADJFZouLcRDoXUloZ6wDPx9oUgRZCFeEQvvaayNZtoY2sLanMM9JZdq-zIYz60c-6BbfNHoZ-CMeN8v7RSjaZr35Q0F18fL69T_CSfmoT-EYwqDfX9jPsFTf15XZzBDtcpkfdtENpzklKZ_P0AqWz2eIvJcDjnQ |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1LT9tAEB4BRaIXKAXU0FD20IqTwd5dr-1DhVAgIiKJEASJm_F6d6Ue6qRJaJQ_xW9kxo6hXODEoSc_DiPb83m-md15AHwPcuWMltKL8OBJbTMv813iGeT-QGqlfOOXwyaifj--vU0ul-ChroWhtMraJpaG2gxzWiM_EhypUoZI58ejPx5NjaLd1XqERgWLCzufYcg2-dk5Rf3-4Lx9Nmide4upAl4uokh43JkwdjEClatMx065OIlsJDBWw1hBZoHMqVerSFSgFXX8F75T0qoMydY64QTKXYYPEiMh-q96_PJpTYeTtxQGdW9Inx_lv6fUjpSHpW_0kvueHdp_3eKS19ob_9sX-QTrCw-anVSQ34QlW3yGtVY9uG4LZoviB1bZK1q4ZEPHujRZqLDsiq7bdc0mywrDKKuG7uo5nSJ7myE7mWI0cY-euGGDIUYo7Mo62uKgv4R1CjemzH12PSqnCFFtz3wbbt7lvXdgpcAH_wIM_c5ExZmJdCaktDLWAUb_2uSBFkLlYQMOas2no6qNSFo1jOYpYSR9wkgDmrW204U5maTPqm7AYQmWN6Skrd7glFIKxO7r8vZh7XzQ66bdTv_iK3wkAVWqYhNWpuN7uwer-d_pr8n4Wwl1BnfvjaRHXrI2aA |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB6VgigXaHmI9EH3UMTJxN5d79qHClUJEVHbKCpB6s14vbsSB5w0SVvlr_XXdcaPFi7l1AMnPySvbO-389pvZgAOokJ5a6QMNB4CaVwe5KFPA4u6P5JGqdCGVbMJPRol5-fpeA1u2lwYolW2MrES1HZaUIy8KziqShmjOu_6hhYx7g--zC4C6iBFO61tO40aIsdudY3u2-Jw2Me5_sj54Ouk9y1oOgwEhdBaBNzbOPEJgpar3CRe-STVTgv029BvkHkkC6rbKlIVGUXV_0XolXQqR8XrvPACx30CT7WMY6ITnvLxXXyHk-UUR22dyJB3i99LKk3K48pO-lsP3hu3f5rIlY4bvPqf_84mvGwsa3ZUL4UtWHPla9jotQ3t3sB1kxTBajlGAU029eyEOg6Vjp3R9aDN5WR5aRmxbeiuWdEpanU7ZUdL9DIu0UK3bDJFz4WdOU9bH7R62LD0c2L0s--zqrsQ5fys3sKPR_nud7Be4ou_B4b2aKqS3GqTCymdTEykI2FsERkhVBF34FOLgmxWlxfJ6kLSPCO8ZHd46cBuO_NZI2YW2f20d-BzBZx_jJL1Tid9ohqI7YfH24fnCKDsZDg63oEX9HzNYNyF9eX80u3Bs-Jq-Wsx_1ChnsHPxwbSLR3ePy4 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Process+Monitoring+of+Lactone+Ring+Formation+and+Opening+by+Operando+Attenuated+Total+Reflectance+Infrared+Spectroscopy&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+methods&rft.au=Bos%2C+Jelle+W&rft.au=de+Peinder%2C+Peter&rft.au=Janssens%2C+Joris+C.+L&rft.au=Oord%2C+Ramon&rft.date=2025-10-01&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc&rft.eissn=2628-9725&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=10&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcmtd.202500054&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2628-9725&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2628-9725&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2628-9725&client=summon |