Designing a circular carbon and plastics economy for a sustainable future
The linear production and consumption of plastics today is unsustainable. It creates large amounts of unnecessary and mismanaged waste, pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, undermining global climate targets and the Sustainable Development Goals. This Perspective provides an integrated technologi...
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| Published in: | Nature (London) Vol. 626; no. 7997; pp. 45 - 57 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.02.2024
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The linear production and consumption of plastics today is unsustainable. It creates large amounts of unnecessary and mismanaged waste, pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, undermining global climate targets and the Sustainable Development Goals. This Perspective provides an integrated technological, economic and legal view on how to deliver a circular carbon and plastics economy that minimizes carbon dioxide emissions. Different pathways that maximize recirculation of carbon (dioxide) between plastics waste and feedstocks are outlined, including mechanical, chemical and biological recycling, and those involving the use of biomass and carbon dioxide. Four future scenarios are described, only one of which achieves sufficient greenhouse gas savings in line with global climate targets. Such a bold system change requires 50% reduction in future plastic demand, complete phase-out of fossil-derived plastics, 95% recycling rates of retrievable plastics and use of renewable energy. It is hard to overstate the challenge of achieving this goal. We therefore present a roadmap outlining the scale and timing of the economic and legal interventions that could possibly support this. Assessing the service lifespan and recoverability of plastic products, along with considerations of sufficiency and smart design, can moreover provide design principles to guide future manufacturing, use and disposal of plastics.
Four future greenhouse gas emission scenarios for the global plastics system are investigated, with the lead scenario achieving net-zero emissions, and a series of technical, legal and economic interventions recommended. |
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| AbstractList | The linear production and consumption of plastics today is unsustainable. It creates large amounts of unnecessary and mismanaged waste, pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, undermining global climate targets and the Sustainable Development Goals. This Perspective provides an integrated technological, economic and legal view on how to deliver a circular carbon and plastics economy that minimizes carbon dioxide emissions. Different pathways that maximize recirculation of carbon (dioxide) between plastics waste and feedstocks are outlined, including mechanical, chemical and biological recycling, and those involving the use of biomass and carbon dioxide. Four future scenarios are described, only one of which achieves sufficient greenhouse gas savings inline with global climate targets. Such a bold system change requires 50% reduction in future plastic demand, complete phase-out of fossil-derived plastics, 95% recycling rates of retrievable plastics and use of renewable energy. It is hard to overstate the challenge of achieving this goal. We therefore present a roadmap outlining the scale and timing of the economic and legal interventions that could possibly support this. Assessing the service lifespan and recoverability of plastic products, along with considerations of sufficiency and smart design, can moreover provide design principles to guide future manufacturing, use and disposal of plastics. The linear production and consumption of plastics today is unsustainable. It creates large amounts of unnecessary and mismanaged waste, pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, undermining global climate targets and the Sustainable Development Goals. This Perspective provides an integrated technological, economic and legal view on how to deliver a circular carbon and plastics economy that minimizes carbon dioxide emissions. Different pathways that maximize recirculation of carbon (dioxide) between plastics waste and feedstocks are outlined, including mechanical, chemical and biological recycling, and those involving the use of biomass and carbon dioxide. Four future scenarios are described, only one of which achieves sufficient greenhouse gas savings in line with global climate targets. Such a bold system change requires 50% reduction in future plastic demand, complete phase-out of fossil-derived plastics, 95% recycling rates of retrievable plastics and use of renewable energy. It is hard to overstate the challenge of achieving this goal. We therefore present a roadmap outlining the scale and timing of the economic and legal interventions that could possibly support this. Assessing the service lifespan and recoverability of plastic products, along with considerations of sufficiency and smart design, can moreover provide design principles to guide future manufacturing, use and disposal of plastics. Four future greenhouse gas emission scenarios for the global plastics system are investigated, with the lead scenario achieving net-zero emissions, and a series of technical, legal and economic interventions recommended. The linear production and consumption of plastics today is unsustainable. It creates large amounts of unnecessary and mismanaged waste, pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, undermining global climate targets and the Sustainable Development Goals. This Perspective provides an integrated technological, economic and legal view on how to deliver a circular carbon and plastics economy that minimizes carbon dioxide emissions. Different pathways that maximize recirculation of carbon (dioxide) between plastics waste and feedstocks are outlined, including mechanical, chemical and biological recycling, and those involving the use of biomass and carbon dioxide. Four future scenarios are described, only one of which achieves sufficient greenhouse gas savings in line with global climate targets. Such a bold system change requires 50% reduction in future plastic demand, complete phase-out of fossil-derived plastics, 95% recycling rates of retrievable plastics and use of renewable energy. It is hard to overstate the challenge of achieving this goal. We therefore present a roadmap outlining the scale and timing of the economic and legal interventions that could possibly support this. Assessing the service lifespan and recoverability of plastic products, along with considerations of sufficiency and smart design, can moreover provide design principles to guide future manufacturing, use and disposal of plastics.The linear production and consumption of plastics today is unsustainable. It creates large amounts of unnecessary and mismanaged waste, pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, undermining global climate targets and the Sustainable Development Goals. This Perspective provides an integrated technological, economic and legal view on how to deliver a circular carbon and plastics economy that minimizes carbon dioxide emissions. Different pathways that maximize recirculation of carbon (dioxide) between plastics waste and feedstocks are outlined, including mechanical, chemical and biological recycling, and those involving the use of biomass and carbon dioxide. Four future scenarios are described, only one of which achieves sufficient greenhouse gas savings in line with global climate targets. Such a bold system change requires 50% reduction in future plastic demand, complete phase-out of fossil-derived plastics, 95% recycling rates of retrievable plastics and use of renewable energy. It is hard to overstate the challenge of achieving this goal. We therefore present a roadmap outlining the scale and timing of the economic and legal interventions that could possibly support this. Assessing the service lifespan and recoverability of plastic products, along with considerations of sufficiency and smart design, can moreover provide design principles to guide future manufacturing, use and disposal of plastics. The linear production and consumption of plastics today is unsustainable. It creates large amounts of unnecessary and mismanaged waste, pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, undermining global climate targets and the Sustainable Development Goals. This Perspective provides an integrated technological, economic and legal view on how to deliver a circular carbon and plastics economy that minimizes carbon dioxide emissions. Different pathways that maximize recirculation of carbon (dioxide) between plastics waste and feedstocks are outlined, including mechanical, chemical and biological recycling, and those involving the use of biomass and carbon dioxide. Four future scenarios are described, only one of which achieves sufficient greenhouse gas savings in line with global climate targets. Such a bold system change requires 50% reduction in future plastic demand, complete phase-out of fossil-derived plastics, 95% recycling rates of retrievable plastics and use of renewable energy. It is hard to overstate the challenge of achieving this goal. We therefore present a roadmap outlining the scale and timing of the economic and legal interventions that could possibly support this. Assessing the service lifespan and recoverability of plastic products, along with considerations of sufficiency and smart design, can moreover provide design principles to guide future manufacturing, use and disposal of plastics. |
| Author | van der Marel, Eva R. Schroeder, Nadia Kerr, Ryan W. F. Redgwell, Catherine Vidal, Fernando Mitchell, Celia McElroy, Caitlin Williams, Charlotte K. Rosetto, Gloria Chen, Thomas T. D. Hepburn, Cameron Bailey, Richard M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Fernando orcidid: 0000-0002-3027-768X surname: Vidal fullname: Vidal, Fernando organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) – sequence: 2 givenname: Eva R. orcidid: 0000-0002-4543-6794 surname: van der Marel fullname: van der Marel, Eva R. organization: Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, Faculty of Law, UiT The Arctic University of Norway – sequence: 3 givenname: Ryan W. F. orcidid: 0000-0002-8045-2060 surname: Kerr fullname: Kerr, Ryan W. F. organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford – sequence: 4 givenname: Caitlin orcidid: 0000-0003-0614-6556 surname: McElroy fullname: McElroy, Caitlin organization: Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford – sequence: 5 givenname: Nadia surname: Schroeder fullname: Schroeder, Nadia organization: Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford – sequence: 6 givenname: Celia surname: Mitchell fullname: Mitchell, Celia organization: Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford – sequence: 7 givenname: Gloria surname: Rosetto fullname: Rosetto, Gloria organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford – sequence: 8 givenname: Thomas T. D. surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Thomas T. D. organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford – sequence: 9 givenname: Richard M. orcidid: 0000-0002-4566-843X surname: Bailey fullname: Bailey, Richard M. organization: School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford – sequence: 10 givenname: Cameron orcidid: 0000-0003-0467-7441 surname: Hepburn fullname: Hepburn, Cameron email: cameron.hepburn@smithschool.ox.ac.uk organization: Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford – sequence: 11 givenname: Catherine orcidid: 0000-0001-5326-4649 surname: Redgwell fullname: Redgwell, Catherine email: catherine.redgwell@law.ox.ac.uk organization: Faculty of Law, University of Oxford – sequence: 12 givenname: Charlotte K. orcidid: 0000-0002-0734-1575 surname: Williams fullname: Williams, Charlotte K. email: charlotte.williams@chem.ox.ac.uk organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38297170$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | The linear production and consumption of plastics today is unsustainable. It creates large amounts of unnecessary and mismanaged waste, pollution and carbon... |
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| Title | Designing a circular carbon and plastics economy for a sustainable future |
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