Standardization of the Distributed Ledger Technology cybersecurity stack for power and energy applications
The global trend toward integration of distributed energy resources is opening doors to advanced, complex, and distributed marketplaces. Such advanced ecosystems, where utility-owned and non utility-owned assets can contribute toward grid operations, generally require distributed communication and g...
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| Vydáno v: | Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks Ročník 28; s. 100553 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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United States
Elsevier Ltd
01.12.2021
Elsevier |
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| ISSN: | 2352-4677, 2352-4677 |
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| Abstract | The global trend toward integration of distributed energy resources is opening doors to advanced, complex, and distributed marketplaces. Such advanced ecosystems, where utility-owned and non utility-owned assets can contribute toward grid operations, generally require distributed communication and grid architectures. We posit the potential of using Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) in supporting such applications, although their full potential has not been fully used, for example in designing long-term scalable solutions in operational technology applications. This is partly due to the lack of standardization across and between different DLTs, as well as other supporting building blocks (e.g., communication protocols). This paper attempts to address this gap by proposing a DLT cybersecurity stack specifically designed for researchers, DLT technology developers, and end users (such as utilities). The DLT cybersecurity stack has been notionally mapped to related cybersecurity components, namely the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite, and existing Smart Grid architecture frameworks. In addition, the paper discusses several cybersecurity implications, and demonstrates the potential uses of the DLT cybersecurity stack through multiple power and energy use cases. It is important to note that the stack can be also applied to the DLT use cases that are outside the power and energy domain. This work was performed by the Cybersecurity Task Force under the IEEE P2418.5 Blockchain for Energy Standard working group that part of the IEEE Power and Energy Society’s Smart Buildings, Loads, and Customer Systems (SBLC) technical committee. |
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| AbstractList | The global trend toward integration of distributed energy resources is opening doors to advanced, complex, and distributed marketplaces. Such advanced ecosystems, where utility-owned and non utility-owned assets can contribute toward grid operations, generally require distributed communication and grid architectures. We posit the potential of using Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) in supporting such applications, although their full potential has not been fully used, for example in designing long-term scalable solutions in operational technology applications. This is partly due to the lack of standardization across and between different DLTs, as well as other supporting building blocks (e.g., communication protocols). This paper attempts to address this gap by proposing a DLT cybersecurity stack specifically designed for researchers, DLT technology developers, and end users (such as utilities). The DLT cybersecurity stack has been notionally mapped to related cybersecurity components, namely the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite, and existing Smart Grid architecture frameworks. In addition, the paper discusses several cybersecurity implications, and demonstrates the potential uses of the DLT cybersecurity stack through multiple power and energy use cases. It is important to note that the stack can be also applied to the DLT use cases that are outside the power and energy domain. This work was performed by the Cybersecurity Task Force under the IEEE P2418.5 Blockchain for Energy Standard working group that part of the IEEE Power and Energy Society’s Smart Buildings, Loads, and Customer Systems (SBLC) technical committee. The global trend towards the integration of distributed energy resources is opening the doors to advanced, complex, and distributedmarketplaces. Such advanced ecosystems, where utility-owned and non utility-owned assets can contribute towards grid operations,generally require distributed communication and grid architectures, which can be supported by Distributed Ledger Technologies(DLTs). However, the potential of DLTs for long-term scalable solutions in operational technology applications has not been fullyutilized, partly due to the lack of standardization across and between different DLTs, as well as other supporting building blocks(e.g., communication protocols). This paper attempts to address this gap by proposing a DLT cybersecurity stack specificallydesigned for researchers, DLT technology developers, and end users (such as utilities). The DLT cybersecurity stack has beennotionally mapped to related cybersecurity components, namely: the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, the TransmissionControl Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite, and existing Smart Grid architecture frameworks. In addition, the paper discussesseveral cybersecurity implications, and demonstrates the potential uses of the DLT stack through multiple power and energy usecases. It is important to note that the stack can be also applied to the DLT use cases that are outside the power and energy domain.This work has been performed by the Cybersecurity Task Force under the IEEE P2418.5 Blockchain for Energy Standard workinggroup that is stationed under the IEEE Power and Energy Society’s Smart Buildings, Loads, and Customer Systems (SBLC)technical committee. |
| ArticleNumber | 100553 |
| Author | Lima, Claudio Gourisetti, Sri Nikhil Gupta Lee, Annabelle Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond Escobar, Elizabeth Rahimi, Farrokh Mylrea, Michael Pasetti, Marco Cali, Ümit Sani, Abubakar Sadiq Gorog, Christopher Reddi, Ramesh |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sri Nikhil Gupta orcidid: 0000-0001-8877-8623 surname: Gourisetti fullname: Gourisetti, Sri Nikhil Gupta email: gigupta@ualr.edu organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Ümit orcidid: 0000-0002-6402-0479 surname: Cali fullname: Cali, Ümit email: umit.cali@ntnu.no organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway – sequence: 3 givenname: Kim-Kwang Raymond orcidid: 0000-0001-9208-5336 surname: Choo fullname: Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond email: raymond.choo@fulbrightmail.org organization: University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Elizabeth surname: Escobar fullname: Escobar, Elizabeth email: elizabeth.escobar-fernandes@duke-energy.com organization: Duke Energy Corp., Charlotte, NC, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Christopher surname: Gorog fullname: Gorog, Christopher email: cgorog@blockframetech.com organization: BlockFrame Inc., Colorado Springs, CO, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Annabelle orcidid: 0000-0002-9208-076X surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Annabelle email: ablee@nevermoresecurity.com organization: Nevermore Security, Evergreen, CO, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Claudio surname: Lima fullname: Lima, Claudio email: clima@blockchain-eng.org organization: BEC-Blockchain Engineering Council, Houston, TX, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Michael surname: Mylrea fullname: Mylrea, Michael email: michael.mylrea@resilience.com organization: National Resilience Inc., Washington, DC, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Marco orcidid: 0000-0001-8093-7925 surname: Pasetti fullname: Pasetti, Marco email: marco.pasetti@unibs.it organization: University of Brescia, Department of Information Engineering, Brescia, Italy – sequence: 10 givenname: Farrokh surname: Rahimi fullname: Rahimi, Farrokh email: farrokh.rahimi@oati.net organization: Open Access Technology International Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Ramesh orcidid: 0000-0001-8932-5976 surname: Reddi fullname: Reddi, Ramesh email: ramesh.m.reddi@cybsecbcml.com organization: CybSecBCML Inc., Raleigh, NC, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Abubakar Sadiq surname: Sani fullname: Sani, Abubakar Sadiq email: s.sani@greenwich.ac.uk organization: University of Greenwich, School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, London, UK |
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| Keywords | Cybersecurity Power systems Distributed energy resource (DER) Smart grid Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) Blockchain |
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