OpenMP compiler for distributed memory architectures
OpenMP is an emerging industry standard for shared memory architectures. While OpenMP has advantages on its ease of use and incremental programming, message passing is today still the most widely-used programming model for distributed memory architectures. How to effectively extend OpenMP to distrib...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science China. Information sciences Jg. 53; H. 5; S. 932 - 944 |
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01.05.2010
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| Abstract | OpenMP is an emerging industry standard for shared memory architectures. While OpenMP has advantages on its ease of use and incremental programming, message passing is today still the most widely-used programming model for distributed memory architectures. How to effectively extend OpenMP to distributed memory architectures has been a hot spot. This paper proposes an OpenMP system, called KLCoMP, for distributed memory architectures. Based on the "partially replicating shared arrays" memory model, we propose an algorithm for shared array recognition based on the inter-procedural analysis, optimization technique based on the producer/consumer relationship, and communication generation technique for nonlinear references. We evaluate the performance on nine benchmarks which cover computational fluid dynamics, integer sorting, molecular dynamics, earthquake simulation, and computational chemistry. The average scalability achieved by KLCoMP version is close to that achieved by MPI version. We compare the performance of our translated programs with that of versions generated for Omni+SCASH, LLCoMP, and OpenMP(Purdue), and find that parallel applications (especially, irregular applications) translated by KLCoMP can achieve more effective performance than other versions. |
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| AbstractList | OpenMP is an emerging industry standard for shared memory architectures. While OpenMP has advantages on its ease of use and incremental programming, message passing is today still the most widely-used programming model for distributed memory architectures. How to effectively extend OpenMP to distributed memory architectures has been a hot spot. This paper proposes an OpenMP system, called KLCoMP, for distributed memory architectures. Based on the "partially replicating shared arrays" memory model, we propose an algorithm for shared array recognition based on the inter-procedural analysis, optimization technique based on the producer/consumer relationship, and communication generation technique for nonlinear references. We evaluate the performance on nine benchmarks which cover computational fluid dynamics, integer sorting, molecular dynamics, earthquake simulation, and computational chemistry. The average scalability achieved by KLCoMP version is close to that achieved by MPI version. We compare the performance of our translated programs with that of versions generated for Omni+SCASH, LLCoMP, and OpenMP(Purdue), and find that parallel applications (especially, irregular applications) translated by KLCoMP can achieve more effective performance than other versions. OpenMP is an emerging industry standard for shared memory architectures. While OpenMP has advantages on its ease of use and incremental programming, message passing is today still the most widely-used programming model for distributed memory architectures. How to effectively extend OpenMP to distributed memory architectures has been a hot spot. This paper proposes an OpenMP system, called KLCoMP, for distributed memory architectures. Based on the "partially replicating shared arrays" memory model, we propose an algorithm for shared array recognition based on the inter-procedural analysis, optimization technique based on the producer/consumer relationship, and communication generation technique for nonlinear references. We evaluate the performance on nine benchmarks which cover computational fluid dynamics, integer sorting, molecular dynamics, earthquake simulation, and computational chemistry. The average scalability achieved by KLCoMP version is close to that achieved by MPI version. We compare the performance of our translated programs with that of versions generated for Omni+SCASH, LLCoMP, and OpenMP(Purdue), and find that parallel applications (especially, irregular applications) translated by KLCoMP can achieve more effective performance than other versions. |
| Author | WANG Jue HU ChangJun ZHANG JiLin LI JianJiang |
| AuthorAffiliation | School of Information and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Copyright | Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010. |
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| References | OpenMP Architecture Review Board. OpenMP Application Program Interface, version 2.5, 2005 Jeun W C, Kee Y S, Ha S. Improving performance of OpenMP for SMP clusters through overlapped page migrations. In: Proc. of International Workshop on OpenMP, Reims, France, 2006 BasumallikA.EigenmannR.Optimizing irregular shared-memory applications for distributed-memory systemsProc. of the Eleventh ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming2006New YorkACM Press11912810.1145/1122971.1122990 LiZ.Array privatization for parallel execution of loopsProc. of the ACM International Conference on Supercomputing1992New YorkACM Press313322 BasumallikA.EigenmannR.Towards automatic translation of OpenMP to MPIProc. of the 19th Annual International Conference on Supercomputing2005New YorkACM Press18919810.1145/1088149.1088174 CostaJ. J.CortesT.MartorellX.Running OpenMP applications efficiently on an everything-shared SDSMJ Parall Distrib Comput2006666476581101.6845810.1016/j.jpdc.2005.06.018 DortaA.LopezP.SandeF.Basic skeletons in llcParall Comput20063249150610.1016/j.parco.2006.07.001 HuC.LiJ.WangJ.Communication generation for irregular parallel applicationsProc. of IEEE International Symposium on Parallel Computing in Electrical Engineering2006New YorkIEEE Press263270 HaghighatM. R.PolychronopoulosC. D.Symbolic analysis for parallelizing compilersACM Trans Program Languag Syst19961847751810.1145/233561.233568 Min S J, Eigenmann R. Combined compile-time and runtime-driven, pro-active data movement in software DSM systems. In: Proc. of Seventh Workshop on Languages, Compilers, and Run-time Support for Scalable Systems, Houston, Texas, 2004. 1–6 WangJ.HuC. J.ZhangJ. L.An optimized strategy for collective communication in data parallelism (in Chinese)Chinese J Comput200823183282432879 Ojima Y, Sato M, Harada H, et al. Performance of cluster-enabled OpenMP for the SCASH software distributed shared memory system, cluster computing and the grid. In: Proc. of 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on CCGrid, Tokyo, Japan, 2003. 450–456 AslotV.DomeikaM.EigenmannR.SPEComp: A new benchmark suite for measuring parallel computer performanceProc. of the Workshop on OpenMP Applications and Tools2001BelinSpringer110 EachempatiD.HuangL.ChapmanB. M.Strategies and implementation for translating OpenMP code for clustersProc. of High Performance Computing and Communications2007BelinSpringer42043110.1007/978-3-540-75444-2_42 Brandes T. ADAPTOR Users Guide, Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Augustin, Germany, 2004 Michelle M, Barbara K, Paul D. Data-flow analysis for MPI programs. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Parallel Processing, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 2006. 175–184 MPICH2.1.0.7, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpich2/, March 21, 2008 BrooksB. R.BruccoleriR. E.OlafsonB. D.A program for macromolecular energy, minimization, and dynamics calculationsJ Comp Chem1983418721710.1002/jcc.540040211 LuH. H.Quantifying the performance differences between PVM and TreadMarksJ Parall Distrib Comput199743657810.1006/jpdc.1997.1332 EngelenR.BirchJ.ShouY.A unified framework for nonlinear dependence testing and symbolic analysisProc. of the ACM International Conference on Supercomputing2004New YorkACM Press106115 Brezany P, Dang M. CHAOS+ Runtime Library. Internal Report, Institute for Software Technology and Parallel Systems, University of Vienna, September 1997 WangJ.HuC.ZhangJ.OpenMP extensions for irregular parallel applications on cluster international workshop on OpenMP2007BerlinSpringer Publisher101111 BasumallikA.MinS.EigenmannR.Programming distributed memory systems using OpenMPProc. of International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium2007New YorkIEEE Press18 COSMIC group, University of Maryland. COSMIC software for irregular applications. http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/osmic/software.html TsengE.GaudlotJ.Communication generation for aligned and cyclic(k) distributions using integer latticeIEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst19991013614610.1109/71.752780 SatoM.SatohS.KusanoK.Design of OpenMP compiler for an SMP clusterProc. of the 1st European Workshop on OpenMP1999BelinSpringer3239 EigenmannR.HoeflingerJ.KuhnR. H.Is OpenMP for Grids?Proc. of International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium2002New YorkIEEE Press17117810.1109/IPDPS.2002.1016571 Jin H, Frumkin M, Yan J. The OpenMP implementation of NAS parallel benchmarks and its performance. Technical Report NAS-99-011, 1999 PetersenP.PaduaD. A.Static and dynamic evaluation of data dependence analysis techniquesIEEE Trans Parall Distrib Syst199671121113210.1109/71.544354 J. J. Costa (74_CR3) 2006; 66 74_CR20 A. Dorta (74_CR10) 2006; 32 H. H. Lu (74_CR5) 1997; 43 V. Aslot (74_CR15) 2001 A. Basumallik (74_CR8) 2006 R. Engelen (74_CR23) 2004 C. Hu (74_CR26) 2006 74_CR29 A. Basumallik (74_CR6) 2007 D. Eachempati (74_CR13) 2007 J. Wang (74_CR22) 2008; 2 74_CR21 74_CR4 P. Petersen (74_CR19) 1996; 7 74_CR1 A. Basumallik (74_CR7) 2005 R. Eigenmann (74_CR11) 2002 74_CR9 B. R. Brooks (74_CR17) 1983; 4 E. Tseng (74_CR28) 1999; 10 74_CR18 74_CR14 Z. Li (74_CR24) 1992 M. Sato (74_CR2) 1999 74_CR16 M. R. Haghighat (74_CR25) 1996; 18 J. Wang (74_CR27) 2007 74_CR12 |
| References_xml | – reference: Jeun W C, Kee Y S, Ha S. Improving performance of OpenMP for SMP clusters through overlapped page migrations. In: Proc. of International Workshop on OpenMP, Reims, France, 2006 – reference: WangJ.HuC. J.ZhangJ. L.An optimized strategy for collective communication in data parallelism (in Chinese)Chinese J Comput200823183282432879 – reference: BrooksB. R.BruccoleriR. E.OlafsonB. D.A program for macromolecular energy, minimization, and dynamics calculationsJ Comp Chem1983418721710.1002/jcc.540040211 – reference: MPICH2.1.0.7, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpich2/, March 21, 2008 – reference: Jin H, Frumkin M, Yan J. The OpenMP implementation of NAS parallel benchmarks and its performance. Technical Report NAS-99-011, 1999 – reference: BasumallikA.EigenmannR.Optimizing irregular shared-memory applications for distributed-memory systemsProc. of the Eleventh ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming2006New YorkACM Press11912810.1145/1122971.1122990 – reference: BasumallikA.EigenmannR.Towards automatic translation of OpenMP to MPIProc. of the 19th Annual International Conference on Supercomputing2005New YorkACM Press18919810.1145/1088149.1088174 – reference: EachempatiD.HuangL.ChapmanB. M.Strategies and implementation for translating OpenMP code for clustersProc. of High Performance Computing and Communications2007BelinSpringer42043110.1007/978-3-540-75444-2_42 – reference: BasumallikA.MinS.EigenmannR.Programming distributed memory systems using OpenMPProc. of International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium2007New YorkIEEE Press18 – reference: LuH. H.Quantifying the performance differences between PVM and TreadMarksJ Parall Distrib Comput199743657810.1006/jpdc.1997.1332 – reference: WangJ.HuC.ZhangJ.OpenMP extensions for irregular parallel applications on cluster international workshop on OpenMP2007BerlinSpringer Publisher101111 – reference: OpenMP Architecture Review Board. OpenMP Application Program Interface, version 2.5, 2005 – reference: PetersenP.PaduaD. A.Static and dynamic evaluation of data dependence analysis techniquesIEEE Trans Parall Distrib Syst199671121113210.1109/71.544354 – reference: EngelenR.BirchJ.ShouY.A unified framework for nonlinear dependence testing and symbolic analysisProc. of the ACM International Conference on Supercomputing2004New YorkACM Press106115 – reference: Min S J, Eigenmann R. Combined compile-time and runtime-driven, pro-active data movement in software DSM systems. In: Proc. of Seventh Workshop on Languages, Compilers, and Run-time Support for Scalable Systems, Houston, Texas, 2004. 1–6 – reference: SatoM.SatohS.KusanoK.Design of OpenMP compiler for an SMP clusterProc. of the 1st European Workshop on OpenMP1999BelinSpringer3239 – reference: CostaJ. J.CortesT.MartorellX.Running OpenMP applications efficiently on an everything-shared SDSMJ Parall Distrib Comput2006666476581101.6845810.1016/j.jpdc.2005.06.018 – reference: EigenmannR.HoeflingerJ.KuhnR. H.Is OpenMP for Grids?Proc. of International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium2002New YorkIEEE Press17117810.1109/IPDPS.2002.1016571 – reference: Michelle M, Barbara K, Paul D. Data-flow analysis for MPI programs. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Parallel Processing, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 2006. 175–184 – reference: TsengE.GaudlotJ.Communication generation for aligned and cyclic(k) distributions using integer latticeIEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst19991013614610.1109/71.752780 – reference: DortaA.LopezP.SandeF.Basic skeletons in llcParall Comput20063249150610.1016/j.parco.2006.07.001 – reference: Brezany P, Dang M. CHAOS+ Runtime Library. Internal Report, Institute for Software Technology and Parallel Systems, University of Vienna, September 1997 – reference: HaghighatM. R.PolychronopoulosC. D.Symbolic analysis for parallelizing compilersACM Trans Program Languag Syst19961847751810.1145/233561.233568 – reference: HuC.LiJ.WangJ.Communication generation for irregular parallel applicationsProc. of IEEE International Symposium on Parallel Computing in Electrical Engineering2006New YorkIEEE Press263270 – reference: LiZ.Array privatization for parallel execution of loopsProc. of the ACM International Conference on Supercomputing1992New YorkACM Press313322 – reference: AslotV.DomeikaM.EigenmannR.SPEComp: A new benchmark suite for measuring parallel computer performanceProc. of the Workshop on OpenMP Applications and Tools2001BelinSpringer110 – reference: COSMIC group, University of Maryland. COSMIC software for irregular applications. http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/osmic/software.html – reference: Brandes T. ADAPTOR Users Guide, Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Augustin, Germany, 2004 – reference: Ojima Y, Sato M, Harada H, et al. Performance of cluster-enabled OpenMP for the SCASH software distributed shared memory system, cluster computing and the grid. In: Proc. of 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on CCGrid, Tokyo, Japan, 2003. 450–456 – ident: 74_CR4 doi: 10.1145/1066650.1066661 – start-page: 313 volume-title: Proc. of the ACM International Conference on Supercomputing year: 1992 ident: 74_CR24 – start-page: 1 volume-title: Proc. of the Workshop on OpenMP Applications and Tools year: 2001 ident: 74_CR15 – start-page: 263 volume-title: Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Parallel Computing in Electrical Engineering year: 2006 ident: 74_CR26 – volume: 2 start-page: 318 year: 2008 ident: 74_CR22 publication-title: Chinese J Comput – start-page: 106 volume-title: Proc. of the ACM International Conference on Supercomputing year: 2004 ident: 74_CR23 – ident: 74_CR21 – start-page: 32 volume-title: Proc. of the 1st European Workshop on OpenMP year: 1999 ident: 74_CR2 – volume: 32 start-page: 491 year: 2006 ident: 74_CR10 publication-title: Parall Comput doi: 10.1016/j.parco.2006.07.001 – start-page: 420 volume-title: Proc. of High Performance Computing and Communications year: 2007 ident: 74_CR13 doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-75444-2_42 – volume: 4 start-page: 187 year: 1983 ident: 74_CR17 publication-title: J Comp Chem doi: 10.1002/jcc.540040211 – volume: 43 start-page: 65 year: 1997 ident: 74_CR5 publication-title: J Parall Distrib Comput doi: 10.1006/jpdc.1997.1332 – ident: 74_CR12 – ident: 74_CR14 – start-page: 119 volume-title: Proc. of the Eleventh ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming year: 2006 ident: 74_CR8 – volume: 18 start-page: 477 year: 1996 ident: 74_CR25 publication-title: ACM Trans Program Languag Syst doi: 10.1145/233561.233568 – start-page: 101 volume-title: OpenMP extensions for irregular parallel applications on cluster international workshop on OpenMP year: 2007 ident: 74_CR27 – start-page: 171 volume-title: Proc. of International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium year: 2002 ident: 74_CR11 – ident: 74_CR16 – ident: 74_CR18 – volume: 10 start-page: 136 year: 1999 ident: 74_CR28 publication-title: IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst doi: 10.1109/71.752780 – ident: 74_CR1 – volume: 7 start-page: 1121 year: 1996 ident: 74_CR19 publication-title: IEEE Trans Parall Distrib Syst doi: 10.1109/71.544354 – ident: 74_CR9 – ident: 74_CR20 – volume: 66 start-page: 647 year: 2006 ident: 74_CR3 publication-title: J Parall Distrib Comput doi: 10.1016/j.jpdc.2005.06.018 – start-page: 189 volume-title: Proc. of the 19th Annual International Conference on Supercomputing year: 2005 ident: 74_CR7 doi: 10.1145/1088149.1088174 – start-page: 1 volume-title: Proc. of International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium year: 2007 ident: 74_CR6 – ident: 74_CR29 doi: 10.1109/CCGRID.2003.1199400 |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Arrays Computational chemistry Computational fluid dynamics Computer Science Computer simulation Distributed memory Information Systems and Communication Service Message passing Molecular dynamics Nonlinearity OpenMP Optimization techniques Performance evaluation Programming Research Papers Seismic phenomena Sorting 内存架构 分布式 化学性能 程序分析 编程模型 编译器 计算流体动力学 |
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| Title | OpenMP compiler for distributed memory architectures |
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| Volume | 53 |
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