Horizontal gene transfer and adaptive evolution in bacteria

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although HGT can considerably alter bacterial genomes, not all transfer events may be biologically significant and may instead represent the outcome of...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature reviews. Microbiology Jg. 20; H. 4; S. 206 - 218
Hauptverfasser: Arnold, Brian J, Huang, I-Ting, Hanage, William P
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England Nature Publishing Group 01.04.2022
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ISSN:1740-1526, 1740-1534, 1740-1534
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Abstract Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although HGT can considerably alter bacterial genomes, not all transfer events may be biologically significant and may instead represent the outcome of an incessant evolutionary process that only occasionally has a beneficial purpose. When adaptive transfers occur, HGT and positive selection may result in specific, detectable signatures in genomes, such as gene-specific sweeps or increased transfer rates for genes that are ecologically relevant. In this Review, we first discuss the various mechanisms whereby HGT occurs, how the genetic signatures shape patterns of genomic variation and the distinct bioinformatic algorithms developed to detect these patterns. We then discuss the evolutionary theory behind HGT and positive selection in bacteria, and discuss the approaches developed over the past decade to detect transferred DNA that may be involved in adaptation to new environments.
AbstractList Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although HGT can considerably alter bacterial genomes, not all transfer events may be biologically significant and may instead represent the outcome of an incessant evolutionary process that only occasionally has a beneficial purpose. When adaptive transfers occur, HGT and positive selection may result in specific, detectable signatures in genomes, such as gene-specific sweeps or increased transfer rates for genes that are ecologically relevant. In this Review, we first discuss the various mechanisms whereby HGT occurs, how the genetic signatures shape patterns of genomic variation and the distinct bioinformatic algorithms developed to detect these patterns. We then discuss the evolutionary theory behind HGT and positive selection in bacteria, and discuss the approaches developed over the past decade to detect transferred DNA that may be involved in adaptation to new environments.
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although HGT can considerably alter bacterial genomes, not all transfer events may be biologically significant and may instead represent the outcome of an incessant evolutionary process that only occasionally has a beneficial purpose. When adaptive transfers occur, HGT and positive selection may result in specific, detectable signatures in genomes, such as gene-specific sweeps or increased transfer rates for genes that are ecologically relevant. In this Review, we first discuss the various mechanisms whereby HGT occurs, how the genetic signatures shape patterns of genomic variation and the distinct bioinformatic algorithms developed to detect these patterns. We then discuss the evolutionary theory behind HGT and positive selection in bacteria, and discuss the approaches developed over the past decade to detect transferred DNA that may be involved in adaptation to new environments.Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although HGT can considerably alter bacterial genomes, not all transfer events may be biologically significant and may instead represent the outcome of an incessant evolutionary process that only occasionally has a beneficial purpose. When adaptive transfers occur, HGT and positive selection may result in specific, detectable signatures in genomes, such as gene-specific sweeps or increased transfer rates for genes that are ecologically relevant. In this Review, we first discuss the various mechanisms whereby HGT occurs, how the genetic signatures shape patterns of genomic variation and the distinct bioinformatic algorithms developed to detect these patterns. We then discuss the evolutionary theory behind HGT and positive selection in bacteria, and discuss the approaches developed over the past decade to detect transferred DNA that may be involved in adaptation to new environments.
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although HGT can considerably alter bacterial genomes, not all transfer events may be biologically significant and may instead represent the outcome of an incessant evolutionary process that only occasionally has a beneficial purpose. When adaptive transfers occur, HGT and positive selection may result in specific, detectable signatures in genomes, such as gene-specific sweeps or increased transfer rates for genes that are ecologically relevant. In this Review, we first discuss the various mechanisms whereby HGT occurs, how the genetic signatures shape patterns of genomic variation and the distinct bioinformatic algorithms developed to detect these patterns. We then discuss the evolutionary theory behind HGT and positive selection in bacteria, and discuss the approaches developed over the past decade to detect transferred DNA that may be involved in adaptation to new environments.Bacterial DNA transfers between cells in numerous ways and becomes integrated into the genome, with diverse consequences for bacterial genomes. In this Review, Arnold, Huang and Hanage discuss the underlying theory used to infer the selective forces acting on transferred DNA and how they shape patterns of genomic variation.
Author Arnold, Brian J
Hanage, William P
Huang, I-Ting
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Brian J
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8629-5465
  surname: Arnold
  fullname: Arnold, Brian J
  email: brianjohnarnold@gmail.com, brianjohnarnold@gmail.com
  organization: Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. brianjohnarnold@gmail.com
– sequence: 2
  givenname: I-Ting
  surname: Huang
  fullname: Huang, I-Ting
  organization: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: William P
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6319-7336
  surname: Hanage
  fullname: Hanage, William P
  email: whanage@hsph.harvard.edu
  organization: Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. whanage@hsph.harvard.edu
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34773098$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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PublicationTitle Nature reviews. Microbiology
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Snippet Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although...
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SubjectTerms Algorithms
Bacteria
Bacteria - genetics
Computational Biology
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Evolution
Evolution & development
Evolution, Molecular
Gene transfer
Gene Transfer, Horizontal
Genome, Bacterial - genetics
Genomes
Genomics
Horizontal transfer
Phylogeny
Positive selection
Signatures
Title Horizontal gene transfer and adaptive evolution in bacteria
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