Cost sharing in passenger transport models: specification, implementation, and impacts
•We provide arguments why cost sharing should be considered in transport models.•If cost sharing is ruled out cost elasticities and car occupancy rates will be biased.•Different econometric specifications are presented and their impact is analyzed.•Significant impacts for longer leisure trips with a...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Transportation research. Part A, Policy and practice Vol. 179; p. 103897 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier Ltd
01.01.2024
|
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0965-8564, 1879-2375 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | •We provide arguments why cost sharing should be considered in transport models.•If cost sharing is ruled out cost elasticities and car occupancy rates will be biased.•Different econometric specifications are presented and their impact is analyzed.•Significant impacts for longer leisure trips with a high number of occupants.•Observation that most research papers on mode-choice do not consider cost sharing.
A common practice in many transport models is to allocate all costs to the car driver meaning that car passengers are essentially free riders. This specification provides an easy way of integrating drivers and passengers and fits well with the general understanding that car drivers rarely trade passenger seats for money. However, in this paper, we question this premise and argue that cost sharing can, and most likely will, take place in a variety of forms different from simple out-off-pocket money exchange. We also stress that from a modelling perspective, this issue is far from irrelevant as it influences not only demand elasticities but also the modelling of car occupancy rates which is one of the key variables when considering congestion, climate impacts, and network utilisation. In the paper we discuss the mechanisms by which costs are shared, consider how this can be operationalised in transport models, and finally, consider the consequences of cost sharing from a transport policy perspective. Based on empirical evidence from Denmark, we find that for trip purposes with high occupancy rates, cost elasticities and occupancy rates tend to be biased if cost sharing is not properly accounted for. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | •We provide arguments why cost sharing should be considered in transport models.•If cost sharing is ruled out cost elasticities and car occupancy rates will be biased.•Different econometric specifications are presented and their impact is analyzed.•Significant impacts for longer leisure trips with a high number of occupants.•Observation that most research papers on mode-choice do not consider cost sharing.
A common practice in many transport models is to allocate all costs to the car driver meaning that car passengers are essentially free riders. This specification provides an easy way of integrating drivers and passengers and fits well with the general understanding that car drivers rarely trade passenger seats for money. However, in this paper, we question this premise and argue that cost sharing can, and most likely will, take place in a variety of forms different from simple out-off-pocket money exchange. We also stress that from a modelling perspective, this issue is far from irrelevant as it influences not only demand elasticities but also the modelling of car occupancy rates which is one of the key variables when considering congestion, climate impacts, and network utilisation. In the paper we discuss the mechanisms by which costs are shared, consider how this can be operationalised in transport models, and finally, consider the consequences of cost sharing from a transport policy perspective. Based on empirical evidence from Denmark, we find that for trip purposes with high occupancy rates, cost elasticities and occupancy rates tend to be biased if cost sharing is not properly accounted for. |
| ArticleNumber | 103897 |
| Author | Fox, James Rich, Jeppe |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jeppe orcidid: 0000-0001-5706-3836 surname: Rich fullname: Rich, Jeppe email: rich@dtu.dk organization: Technical University of Denmark, Department of Technology, Management and Economics Denmark, Akademivej Building 358, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark – sequence: 2 givenname: James surname: Fox fullname: Fox, James organization: Jacobs, Transport Modelling, London, UK |
| BookMark | eNp9kM1KAzEUhYNUsK0-gLt5AKfmZ34SXUmxKhTcqNuQJjc1ZSYzJEHw7U2Zrlx0dTmH-x0OZ4FmfvCA0C3BK4JJc39YpaBWFFOWNeOivUBzwltRUtbWMzTHoqlLXjfVFVrEeMAYV01L5-hrPcRUxG8VnN8XzhejihH8HkKRA30ch5CKfjDQxYcijqCddVolN_i7wvVjBz34dNLKm6OndIrX6NKqLsLN6S7R5-b5Y_1abt9f3tZP21KzlqXSkF1FSE1rYYk2GO8INoZRqoFnl4ImzO64Fla02IoGc1txQ3ltqcpvwrIlaqdcHYYYA1ip3VQnt3edJFge55EHmbU8ziOneTJJ_pFjcL0Kv2eZx4nJa8CPgyCjduA1GBdAJ2kGd4b-AwG_gM4 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_2174_0126671212320514240611100437 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aei_2024_102728 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.tra.2015.06.004 10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00109-8 10.1080/19427867.2021.1944965 10.1016/j.trd.2022.103195 10.1007/s11116-015-9628-8 10.1287/trsc.2022.1143 10.1177/0361198118773556 10.1186/s12544-020-0402-4 10.1002/asi.23552 10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.266 10.1016/j.ecosta.2018.02.002 10.7249/RR515 10.1108/JOSM-10-2020-0344 10.1007/s11116-019-10010-0 10.1016/j.trpro.2020.09.006 10.1177/03611981221083289 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2023 The Author(s) |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2023 The Author(s) |
| DBID | 6I. AAFTH AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897 |
| DatabaseName | ScienceDirect Open Access Titles Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Economics Engineering |
| EISSN | 1879-2375 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_tra_2023_103897 S0965856423003178 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M .DC .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 29Q 4.4 457 4G. 5VS 6I. 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN 9JO AAAKF AAAKG AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAFJI AAFTH AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AARIN AAXUO ABFNM ABLJU ABMAC ABMMH ABTAH ABUCO ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACNNM ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADMUD ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AFKWA AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHJVU AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV AKYCK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AOMHK APLSM ASPBG AVARZ AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CS3 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HAMUX HMY HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IHE J1W JJJVA KOM LY1 M3Y M41 MO0 MS~ N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 PC. PRBVW Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SDF SDG SDP SDS SES SEW SPC SPCBC SSB SSD SSO SSS SST SSZ T5K WUQ XPP ZY4 ~G- 9DU AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABWVN ACLOT ACRPL ADNMO AEIPS AFJKZ AGQPQ AIIUN ANKPU APXCP CITATION EFKBS ~HD |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-d1b4115259f1cd00b10dd322ce81522ec13fb8c9f970f9608f48d285f2ad329f3 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 2 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001123935400001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0965-8564 |
| IngestDate | Sat Nov 29 07:09:41 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:59:54 EST 2025 Sat Mar 02 16:00:23 EST 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Car occupancy Transport demand Mode-choice Functional form Cost sharing |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY license. |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c373t-d1b4115259f1cd00b10dd322ce81522ec13fb8c9f970f9608f48d285f2ad329f3 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5706-3836 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_tra_2023_103897 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tra_2023_103897 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_tra_2023_103897 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | January 2024 2024-01-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2024 text: January 2024 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Transportation research. Part A, Policy and practice |
| PublicationYear | 2024 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Almlöf, E., Nybacka, M., Pernestål, A. (2020). Will public transport be relevant in a self-driving future? A demand model simulation of four scenarios for Stockholm, Sweden, Transportation Research Procedia, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.09.006. Shaheen, S. A., Cohen, A. P. (2008). Growth in Worldwide Carsharing: An International Comparison. Transport Research Record. Url: escholarship.org/uc/item/1139r2m5. Prettenthaler, Steininger (b0110) 1999; 28 Fox, J., Daly, A., Patruni, B. (2009). Improving the treatment of cost in large scale models. ETC proceedings 2009. Url: https://aetransport.org/public/downloads/laPzB/4029-514ec5cdd4a23.pdf. PWC (2014). The Sharing Economy, Internal Price-Water-House report. Url: www.pwc.com/us/en/technology/publications/assets/pwc-consumer-intelligence-series-the-sharing-economy.pdf. Bates, J., and Williams, I. (2020). National Transport Model Version 2R: Overview of Model Structure and update to 2015. WSP report 7006059. Url: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-transport-model-ntmv2r-overview-of-model-structure-and-update. Ahmed, Noman, Baig, Ngoduy, Adnan, Ismail, Qadir (b0005) 2022; 2676 Rohr, C., Fox, J., Daly, A., Patruni, B., Patil, S., Tsang, F. (2010), Modelling Long-Distance Travel In The UK. ETC proceedings, 2010. Url: https://aetransport.org/public/downloads/Kb_Kz/4856-514ec5db6acc8.pdf. Wang, Ross (b0160) 2018; 2672 Fox, J., B. Patruni, Glenske, J. (2018). Updating the travel demand model for Greater Copenhagen: OTM 7.1. Report PR-3807-VD, Rand Europe, Prepared for the Danish Road Directorate. O'Riordan, Rogan, Gallachóir, Uidhir, Daly (b0100) 2022 Christiansen, H., Baescu, O. (2022). The Danish National Travel Survey: Annual Statistical Report for Denmark for 2022. Report published by DTU Transport, Data- and Modelcenter DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby. Url: www.man.dtu.dk/myndighedsbetjening/transportvaneundersoegelsen-tu-/udgivelser. Ortúzar, J. de D. (2000). Modelling route and multimodal choices with revealed and stated preference data. In J. de D. Ortúzar (ed.) Sheng, Sharp (b0150) 2019 Capurso, Hess, Dekker (b0020) 2019 Maheshwari, M., Jana, A., Bandyopadhyay, S. (2020). Optimizing the Modal Split to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emission for Resource-Constrained Societies. Deloitte (2016). The rise of the sharing economy Impact on the transportation space, Internal Deloitte report. Url: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/tr/Documents/consumer-business/cb-the-rise-the-sharing-economy.pdf. Ramos, Bergstad, Chicco (b0120) 2020; 12 299-318, Perspectives 4, PTRC, London. Fox, J., Patruni, B., Daly, A. (2013). OTM 6 Demand Model Estimation: Mode-Destination-Time Period and Frequency Models, RAND Corporation, Report no. RR-515-VEJ, Url: www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR515.html. Fox, J., B. Patruni, Daly, A., Patil, S. (2014). PRISM 2011 Base: Mode-Destination Estimation. RAND Europe, Cambridge, Report no. RR-314-MM, Url: www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR300/RR314/RAND_RR314.pdf. Fox, J., Daly, A. (2013). Manchester Motorway Box: Post Survey Research on Induced Traffic Effects, RAND Europe, Report no. TR-676-DFT. Url: www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/TR600/TR676/RAND_TR676.pdf. Fox, J., A., Daly, B., Patruni (2011). Sydney Strategic Model Re-estimation: Mode-Destination Model. RAND Europe, Cambridge, Report no. RR-1130-BTS, Url: www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1100/RR1130/RAND_RR1130.pdf. Hamari, Sjöklint, Ukkonen (b0075) 2016; 67 Li, W., Kamargianni, M. (2020). Steering short-term demand for car-sharing: a mode choice and policy impact analysis by trip distance. Transportation 47, 2233–2265 (2020). doi.org/10.1007/s11116-019-10010-0. Rich, J. 2020; A spline function class suitable for demand models. Econometrics and Statistics, doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosta.2018.02.002. Rich, Mabit (b0130) 2015; 43 Willingers, J., Zondag, B., Baak, J., Daly, A., Eck, G.J., de Jong, G., Tapia, R. (2021). Estimation report GM4 - Version GM4.0. Prepared for Rijkswaterstaat/WVL. Flügel, S., Halse, A.H., Ortúzar, J. De D., Rizzi, L.I. (2015). Methodological challenges in modelling the choice of mode for a new travel alternative using binary stated choice data – The case of high speed rail in Norway, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.06.004. Kristoffersson, Daly, Algers, Svalgård-Jarcem (b0080) 2021; 14 Winkler, C. and Mocanu, T. (2017). Methodology and Application of a German National Passenger Transport Model for Future Transport Scenarios. Presented at the AET 2017, Barcelona. Url: elib.dlr.de/117999/1/Winkler_Mocanu_ETC2017.pdf. Rich, Hansen (b0125) 2016 Gansterer, Hartl, Tzur (b0070) 2022; 56 Nansubuga, Kowalkowski (b0095) 2021; 32 Ahmed (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0005) 2022; 2676 Sheng (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0150) 2019 Hamari (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0075) 2016; 67 Ramos (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0120) 2020; 12 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0170 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0090 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0030 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0050 Rich (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0125) 2016 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0035 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0010 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0175 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0055 Gansterer (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0070) 2022; 56 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0115 Rich (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0130) 2015; 43 Prettenthaler (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0110) 1999; 28 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0135 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0015 Wang (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0160) 2018; 2672 Kristoffersson (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0080) 2021; 14 Nansubuga (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0095) 2021; 32 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0060 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0085 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0140 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0040 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0045 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0145 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0065 O'Riordan (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0100) 2022 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0105 Capurso (10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0020) 2019 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0025 |
| References_xml | – reference: Shaheen, S. A., Cohen, A. P. (2008). Growth in Worldwide Carsharing: An International Comparison. Transport Research Record. Url: escholarship.org/uc/item/1139r2m5. – reference: Rohr, C., Fox, J., Daly, A., Patruni, B., Patil, S., Tsang, F. (2010), Modelling Long-Distance Travel In The UK. ETC proceedings, 2010. Url: https://aetransport.org/public/downloads/Kb_Kz/4856-514ec5db6acc8.pdf. – year: 2019 ident: b0150 article-title: Aggregate road passenger travel demand in New Zealand: A seemingly unrelated regression approach publication-title: Transportation Research Part a: Policy and Practice – reference: Winkler, C. and Mocanu, T. (2017). Methodology and Application of a German National Passenger Transport Model for Future Transport Scenarios. Presented at the AET 2017, Barcelona. Url: elib.dlr.de/117999/1/Winkler_Mocanu_ETC2017.pdf. – volume: 56 start-page: 567 year: 2022 end-page: 570 ident: b0070 article-title: Transportation in the Sharing Economy publication-title: Transportation Science – volume: 12 start-page: 13 year: 2020 ident: b0120 article-title: Mobility styles and car sharing use in Europe: attitudes, behaviours, motives and sustainability publication-title: Eur. Transp. Res. Rev. – reference: Fox, J., B. Patruni, Glenske, J. (2018). Updating the travel demand model for Greater Copenhagen: OTM 7.1. Report PR-3807-VD, Rand Europe, Prepared for the Danish Road Directorate. – volume: 67 start-page: 2047 year: 2016 end-page: 2059 ident: b0075 article-title: The Sharing Economy: Why People Participate in Collaborative Consumption publication-title: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology – year: 2022 ident: b0100 article-title: How and why we travel – Mobility demand and emissions from passenger transport publication-title: Transportation Research Part d: Transport and Environment – volume: 32 start-page: 55 year: 2021 end-page: 91 ident: b0095 article-title: Carsharing: a systematic literature review and research agenda publication-title: Journal of Service Management – reference: PWC (2014). The Sharing Economy, Internal Price-Water-House report. Url: www.pwc.com/us/en/technology/publications/assets/pwc-consumer-intelligence-series-the-sharing-economy.pdf. – volume: 2672 start-page: 35 year: 2018 end-page: 45 ident: b0160 article-title: Machine Learning Travel Mode Choices: Comparing the Performance of an Extreme Gradient Boosting Model with a Multinomial Logit Model publication-title: Transportation Research Record – reference: Willingers, J., Zondag, B., Baak, J., Daly, A., Eck, G.J., de Jong, G., Tapia, R. (2021). Estimation report GM4 - Version GM4.0. Prepared for Rijkswaterstaat/WVL. – reference: Flügel, S., Halse, A.H., Ortúzar, J. De D., Rizzi, L.I. (2015). Methodological challenges in modelling the choice of mode for a new travel alternative using binary stated choice data – The case of high speed rail in Norway, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.06.004. – reference: Li, W., Kamargianni, M. (2020). Steering short-term demand for car-sharing: a mode choice and policy impact analysis by trip distance. Transportation 47, 2233–2265 (2020). doi.org/10.1007/s11116-019-10010-0. – reference: Fox, J., Daly, A. (2013). Manchester Motorway Box: Post Survey Research on Induced Traffic Effects, RAND Europe, Report no. TR-676-DFT. Url: www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/TR600/TR676/RAND_TR676.pdf. – volume: 2676 start-page: 209 year: 2022 end-page: 220 ident: b0005 article-title: Estimating Passenger Car Equivalent Factors for Heterogeneous Traffic Using Occupancy-Density Linear Regression Model publication-title: Transportation Research Record – year: 2019 ident: b0020 article-title: Modelling the role of consideration of alternatives in mode choice: An application on the Rome-Milan corridor publication-title: Transportation Research Part a: Policy and Practice – reference: Almlöf, E., Nybacka, M., Pernestål, A. (2020). Will public transport be relevant in a self-driving future? A demand model simulation of four scenarios for Stockholm, Sweden, Transportation Research Procedia, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.09.006. – year: 2016 ident: b0125 article-title: The Danish National Passenger Model – Model specification and results publication-title: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. – volume: 43 start-page: 889 year: 2015 end-page: 912 ident: b0130 article-title: Cost damping and functional form in transport models publication-title: Transportation – reference: Fox, J., Daly, A., Patruni, B. (2009). Improving the treatment of cost in large scale models. ETC proceedings 2009. Url: https://aetransport.org/public/downloads/laPzB/4029-514ec5cdd4a23.pdf. – reference: Fox, J., A., Daly, B., Patruni (2011). Sydney Strategic Model Re-estimation: Mode-Destination Model. RAND Europe, Cambridge, Report no. RR-1130-BTS, Url: www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1100/RR1130/RAND_RR1130.pdf. – reference: Bates, J., and Williams, I. (2020). National Transport Model Version 2R: Overview of Model Structure and update to 2015. WSP report 7006059. Url: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-transport-model-ntmv2r-overview-of-model-structure-and-update. – reference: Maheshwari, M., Jana, A., Bandyopadhyay, S. (2020). Optimizing the Modal Split to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emission for Resource-Constrained Societies. – volume: 14 start-page: 778 year: 2021 end-page: 786 ident: b0080 article-title: Representing travel cost variation in large-scale models of long-distance passenger transport publication-title: Transportation Letters – reference: Fox, J., Patruni, B., Daly, A. (2013). OTM 6 Demand Model Estimation: Mode-Destination-Time Period and Frequency Models, RAND Corporation, Report no. RR-515-VEJ, Url: www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR515.html. – reference: Fox, J., B. Patruni, Daly, A., Patil, S. (2014). PRISM 2011 Base: Mode-Destination Estimation. RAND Europe, Cambridge, Report no. RR-314-MM, Url: www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR300/RR314/RAND_RR314.pdf. – reference: Rich, J. 2020; A spline function class suitable for demand models. Econometrics and Statistics, doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosta.2018.02.002. – reference: Ortúzar, J. de D. (2000). Modelling route and multimodal choices with revealed and stated preference data. In J. de D. Ortúzar (ed.), – reference: Christiansen, H., Baescu, O. (2022). The Danish National Travel Survey: Annual Statistical Report for Denmark for 2022. Report published by DTU Transport, Data- and Modelcenter DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby. Url: www.man.dtu.dk/myndighedsbetjening/transportvaneundersoegelsen-tu-/udgivelser. – volume: 28 start-page: 443 year: 1999 end-page: 453 ident: b0110 article-title: From ownership to service use lifestyle: the potential of car sharing publication-title: Ecological Economics – reference: 299-318, Perspectives 4, PTRC, London. – reference: Deloitte (2016). The rise of the sharing economy Impact on the transportation space, Internal Deloitte report. Url: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/tr/Documents/consumer-business/cb-the-rise-the-sharing-economy.pdf. – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0060 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0115 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0140 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0035 doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2015.06.004 – year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0125 article-title: The Danish National Passenger Model – Model specification and results publication-title: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. – volume: 28 start-page: 443 issue: 3 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0110 article-title: From ownership to service use lifestyle: the potential of car sharing publication-title: Ecological Economics doi: 10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00109-8 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0045 – volume: 14 start-page: 778 issue: 7 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0080 article-title: Representing travel cost variation in large-scale models of long-distance passenger transport publication-title: Transportation Letters doi: 10.1080/19427867.2021.1944965 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0050 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0175 – year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0100 article-title: How and why we travel – Mobility demand and emissions from passenger transport publication-title: Transportation Research Part d: Transport and Environment doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2022.103195 – volume: 43 start-page: 889 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0130 article-title: Cost damping and functional form in transport models publication-title: Transportation doi: 10.1007/s11116-015-9628-8 – volume: 56 start-page: 567 issue: 3 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0070 article-title: Transportation in the Sharing Economy publication-title: Transportation Science doi: 10.1287/trsc.2022.1143 – volume: 2672 start-page: 35 issue: 47 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0160 article-title: Machine Learning Travel Mode Choices: Comparing the Performance of an Extreme Gradient Boosting Model with a Multinomial Logit Model publication-title: Transportation Research Record doi: 10.1177/0361198118773556 – volume: 12 start-page: 13 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0120 article-title: Mobility styles and car sharing use in Europe: attitudes, behaviours, motives and sustainability publication-title: Eur. Transp. Res. Rev. doi: 10.1186/s12544-020-0402-4 – volume: 67 start-page: 2047 issue: 9 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0075 article-title: The Sharing Economy: Why People Participate in Collaborative Consumption publication-title: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology doi: 10.1002/asi.23552 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0090 doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.266 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0145 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0170 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0030 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0135 doi: 10.1016/j.ecosta.2018.02.002 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0015 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0040 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0055 doi: 10.7249/RR515 – volume: 32 start-page: 55 issue: 6 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0095 article-title: Carsharing: a systematic literature review and research agenda publication-title: Journal of Service Management doi: 10.1108/JOSM-10-2020-0344 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0085 doi: 10.1007/s11116-019-10010-0 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0020 article-title: Modelling the role of consideration of alternatives in mode choice: An application on the Rome-Milan corridor publication-title: Transportation Research Part a: Policy and Practice – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0150 article-title: Aggregate road passenger travel demand in New Zealand: A seemingly unrelated regression approach publication-title: Transportation Research Part a: Policy and Practice – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0105 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0025 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0010 doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2020.09.006 – ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0065 – volume: 2676 start-page: 209 issue: 8 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897_b0005 article-title: Estimating Passenger Car Equivalent Factors for Heterogeneous Traffic Using Occupancy-Density Linear Regression Model publication-title: Transportation Research Record doi: 10.1177/03611981221083289 |
| SSID | ssj0004672 |
| Score | 2.4381986 |
| Snippet | •We provide arguments why cost sharing should be considered in transport models.•If cost sharing is ruled out cost elasticities and car occupancy rates will be... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 103897 |
| SubjectTerms | Car occupancy Cost sharing Functional form Mode-choice Transport demand |
| Title | Cost sharing in passenger transport models: specification, implementation, and impacts |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103897 |
| Volume | 179 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001123935400001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1879-2375 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004672 issn: 0965-8564 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1LT9wwELbapVLhgCgPAaXIh54oWcWJs7F7WyGqlgPqgaK9RYkfYlEbok2o-PkdP2Ky21KVQy9WZDlO5Plkj-2Z70PofZlVWpRCRhR81YjyiY4Yn9CIwIbZoCjJKmnFJvLLSzab8a8-3La1cgJ5XbOHB978V1NDHRjbpM4-w9yhU6iAZzA6lGB2KP_J8Gd3bfehvSkXPlulAfdY2eTericyd_o3NhjOZFqaaCEX5AHjPf_RR5T3NfZ6wSZTtkNXNtCiOwh51qCbMTil8IWpdU8t6bDnInDZWOGCZ-40qC5U06iVpdBG7g6PIxI6OI7w54qTLGKZoyYPU6wTjPGTpOFkd0G5v83f7ijhdgwDMjbC7uPHtstc2StrWIgs7IPWbgvoojBdFK6Ll2gtyTPORmht-uV8djFInrUKX-G_-6tvGwS48h9_dl4GDsnVFtr0Owk8dQh4g16oehu97hPN2220MeCa3EHXBhfY4wLPaxxwgQMusMPFR7yEilO8jIlTDAbFHhG76Nun86uzz5EX1YhEmqddJElFiRG94poIGccViaWEWV0oBrWJEiTVFRNc8zzWsL1lmjKZsEwnJTTjOt1Do_quVvsI5ymRmSglJ5pQWdKSx0ykWmaxVJKX4gDF_WgVwjPOG-GT78WTVjpAJ-GVxtGt_K0x7U1QeH_R-YEFwOnp1w6f8423aP0R5Udo1C3u1Tv0Svzs5u3i2GPpFzUyi8Q |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cost+sharing+in+passenger+transport+models%3A+specification%2C+implementation%2C+and+impacts&rft.jtitle=Transportation+research.+Part+A%2C+Policy+and+practice&rft.au=Rich%2C+Jeppe&rft.au=Fox%2C+James&rft.date=2024-01-01&rft.issn=0965-8564&rft.volume=179&rft.spage=103897&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.tra.2023.103897&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_tra_2023_103897 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0965-8564&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0965-8564&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0965-8564&client=summon |