Building a Hybrid Systems Modeler on Synchronous Languages Principles

Hybrid systems modeling languages that mix discrete and continuous time signals and systems are widely used to develop cyber-physical systems where control software interacts with physical devices. Compilers play a central role, statically checking source models, generating intermediate representati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 106; no. 9; pp. 1568 - 1592
Main Authors: Benveniste, Albert, Bourke, Timothy, Caillaud, Benoit, Colaco, Jean-Louis, Pasteur, Cedric, Pouzet, Marc
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York IEEE 01.09.2018
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Series:Design Automation for Cyber-Physical Systems
Subjects:
Combinatorial analysis
Compilers
Computational modeling
Computer models
Computer Science
Computer simulation
Cyber-physical systems
Differential equations
Discrete-time systems
Embedded Systems
Hybrid systems
Language
Luster
Mathematical model
Modeling and Simulation
nonlinear dynamical systems
Numerical models
Ordinary differential equations
Programming
Programming Languages
Semantics
systems modeling
Systems modelling
Time signals
HybridLang
Hybrid Systems
Synchronous Languages
Numerical Simulation
ISSN:0018-9219, 1558-2256
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Hybrid systems modeling languages that mix discrete and continuous time signals and systems are widely used to develop cyber-physical systems where control software interacts with physical devices. Compilers play a central role, statically checking source models, generating intermediate representations for testing and verification, and producing sequential code for simulation and execution on target platforms. This paper presents a novel approach to the design and implementation of a hybrid systems language, built on synchronous language principles and their proven compilation techniques. The result is a hybrid systems modeling language in which synchronous programming constructs can be mixed with ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and zero-crossing events, and a runtime that delegates their approximation to an off-the-shelf numerical solver. We propose an ideal semantics based on nonstandard analysis, which defines the execution of a hybrid model as an infinite sequence of infinitesimally small time steps. It is used to specify and prove correct three essential compilation steps: 1) a type system that guarantees that a continuous-time signal is never used where a discrete-time one is expected and conversely; 2) a type system that ensures the absence of combinatorial loops; and 3) the generation of statically scheduled code for efficient execution. Our approach has been evaluated in two implementations: the academic language Zélus, which extends a language reminiscent of Lustre with ODEs and zero-crossing events, and the industrial prototype Scade Hybrid, a conservative extension of Scade 6.
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ISSN:0018-9219
1558-2256
DOI:10.1109/JPROC.2018.2858016