Building a Hybrid Systems Modeler on Synchronous Languages Principles

Hybrid systems modeling languages that mix discrete and continuous time signals and systems are widely used to develop cyber-physical systems where control software interacts with physical devices. Compilers play a central role, statically checking source models, generating intermediate representati...

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Published in:	Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 106; no. 9; pp. 1568 - 1592
Main Authors:	Benveniste, Albert, Bourke, Timothy, Caillaud, Benoit, Colaco, Jean-Louis, Pasteur, Cedric, Pouzet, Marc
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01.09.2018 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Series:	Design Automation for Cyber-Physical Systems
Subjects:	Combinatorial analysis Compilers Computational modeling Computer models Computer Science Computer simulation Cyber-physical systems Differential equations Discrete-time systems Embedded Systems Hybrid systems Language Luster Mathematical model Modeling and Simulation nonlinear dynamical systems Numerical models Ordinary differential equations Programming Programming Languages Semantics systems modeling Systems modelling Time signals HybridLang Hybrid Systems Synchronous Languages Numerical Simulation
ISSN:	0018-9219, 1558-2256
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Abstract	Hybrid systems modeling languages that mix discrete and continuous time signals and systems are widely used to develop cyber-physical systems where control software interacts with physical devices. Compilers play a central role, statically checking source models, generating intermediate representations for testing and verification, and producing sequential code for simulation and execution on target platforms. This paper presents a novel approach to the design and implementation of a hybrid systems language, built on synchronous language principles and their proven compilation techniques. The result is a hybrid systems modeling language in which synchronous programming constructs can be mixed with ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and zero-crossing events, and a runtime that delegates their approximation to an off-the-shelf numerical solver. We propose an ideal semantics based on nonstandard analysis, which defines the execution of a hybrid model as an infinite sequence of infinitesimally small time steps. It is used to specify and prove correct three essential compilation steps: 1) a type system that guarantees that a continuous-time signal is never used where a discrete-time one is expected and conversely; 2) a type system that ensures the absence of combinatorial loops; and 3) the generation of statically scheduled code for efficient execution. Our approach has been evaluated in two implementations: the academic language Zélus, which extends a language reminiscent of Lustre with ODEs and zero-crossing events, and the industrial prototype Scade Hybrid, a conservative extension of Scade 6.
AbstractList	Hybrid systems modeling languages that mix discrete and continuous time signals and systems are widely used to develop Cyber-Physical systems where control software interacts with physical devices. Compilers play a central role, statically checking source models, generating intermediate representations for testing and verification, and producing sequential code for simulation and execution on target platforms.This paper presents a novel approach to the design and implementation of a hybrid systems language, built on synchronous language principles and their proven compilation techniques. The result is a hybrid systems modeling language in which synchronous programming constructs can be mixed with Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) and zero-crossing events, and a runtime that delegates their approximation to an off-the-shelf numerical solver.We propose an ideal semantics based on non standard analysis, which defines the execution of a hybrid model as an infinite sequence of infinitesimally small time steps. It is used to specify and prove correct three essential compilation steps: (1) a type system that guarantees that a continuous-time signal is never used where a discrete-time one is expected and conversely; (2) a type system that ensures the absence of combinatorial loops; (3) the generation of statically scheduled code for efficient execution.Our approach has been evaluated in two implementations: the academic language Zélus, which extends a language reminiscent of Lustre with ODEs and zero-crossing events, and the industrial prototype Scade Hybrid, a conservative extension of Scade 6. Hybrid systems modeling languages that mix discrete and continuous time signals and systems are widely used to develop cyber-physical systems where control software interacts with physical devices. Compilers play a central role, statically checking source models, generating intermediate representations for testing and verification, and producing sequential code for simulation and execution on target platforms. This paper presents a novel approach to the design and implementation of a hybrid systems language, built on synchronous language principles and their proven compilation techniques. The result is a hybrid systems modeling language in which synchronous programming constructs can be mixed with ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and zero-crossing events, and a runtime that delegates their approximation to an off-the-shelf numerical solver. We propose an ideal semantics based on nonstandard analysis, which defines the execution of a hybrid model as an infinite sequence of infinitesimally small time steps. It is used to specify and prove correct three essential compilation steps: 1) a type system that guarantees that a continuous-time signal is never used where a discrete-time one is expected and conversely; 2) a type system that ensures the absence of combinatorial loops; and 3) the generation of statically scheduled code for efficient execution. Our approach has been evaluated in two implementations: the academic language Zélus, which extends a language reminiscent of Lustre with ODEs and zero-crossing events, and the industrial prototype Scade Hybrid, a conservative extension of Scade 6.
Author	Bourke, Timothy Caillaud, Benoit Pouzet, Marc Colaco, Jean-Louis Pasteur, Cedric Benveniste, Albert
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Albert surname: Benveniste fullname: Benveniste, Albert email: albert.benveniste@inria.fr organization: Inria, Rennes, France – sequence: 2 givenname: Timothy surname: Bourke fullname: Bourke, Timothy email: timothy.bourke@ens.fr organization: Inria, Paris, France – sequence: 3 givenname: Benoit orcidid: 0000-0002-3234-5033 surname: Caillaud fullname: Caillaud, Benoit email: benoit.caillaud@inria.fr organization: Inria, Rennes, France – sequence: 4 givenname: Jean-Louis orcidid: 0000-0003-3848-1826 surname: Colaco fullname: Colaco, Jean-Louis organization: ANSYS/Esterel-Technologies, Toulouse, France – sequence: 5 givenname: Cedric surname: Pasteur fullname: Pasteur, Cedric organization: ANSYS/Esterel-Technologies, Toulouse, France – sequence: 6 givenname: Marc surname: Pouzet fullname: Pouzet, Marc email: marc.pouzet@ens.fr organization: école normale supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
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SubjectTerms	Combinatorial analysis Compilers Computational modeling Computer models Computer Science Computer simulation Cyber-physical systems Differential equations Discrete-time systems Embedded Systems Hybrid systems Language Luster Mathematical model Modeling and Simulation nonlinear dynamical systems Numerical models Ordinary differential equations Programming Programming Languages Semantics systems modeling Systems modelling Time signals
Title	Building a Hybrid Systems Modeler on Synchronous Languages Principles
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