Grammar teaching in ELT: A cross-national comparison of teacher-reported practices

Today, the Common European Framework of Reference (2009), and with it the action-based approach, underlies English Language Teaching (ELT) curricula throughout Europe. However, actual teaching practices are likely to vary according to factors such as the educational level and supra-national differen...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Language teaching research : LTR Vol. 27; no. 5; pp. 1167 - 1192
Main Authors: Schurz, Alexandra, Coumel, Marion
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.09.2023
Sage Publications Ltd
Subjects:
ISSN:1362-1688, 1477-0954
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Today, the Common European Framework of Reference (2009), and with it the action-based approach, underlies English Language Teaching (ELT) curricula throughout Europe. However, actual teaching practices are likely to vary according to factors such as the educational level and supra-national differences, including legal guidelines and the level of extramural English, i.e. out-of-school use of English (Sundqvist, 2009). Those factors presumably influence the role of grammar teaching in foreign language classrooms, which has been the subject of continuous debate (see Graus & Coppen, 2016; Thornbury, 1999; Ur, 2011). Such potential differences in teacher-reported ELT practices across Europe have not yet been investigated in instructed second language acquisition research. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the type of instruction in lower vs. upper secondary school in Sweden, Austria, and France, countries ranking differently in the EF Proficiency index (Education First, 2019). 615 secondary English teachers across the three countries filled in an online questionnaire designed to assess their use of planned vs. incidental form focus, implicit vs. explicit, and inductive vs. deductive instruction (Ellis, 2001a, 2009; Long, 1991). Results seem to indicate that (1) in lower secondary, Swedish teachers teach less explicitly than teachers in Austria and France; (2) Sweden provides ELT that is more implicit-fluency-based than does Austria and France; (3) incidental (rather than planned) grammar teaching is more dominant in upper than in lower secondary across countries and in Sweden and France as compared to Austria; and (4) French teachers differ from the other groups in their application of more inductive rather than deductive instruction. We argue that both the educational level and a country’s language policies and ideologies – and consequently also the extent to which they encourage use and exposure to extramural English – may be determining factors in the type of instruction applied in ELT.
AbstractList Today, the Common European Framework of Reference (2009), and with it the action-based approach, underlies English Language Teaching (ELT) curricula throughout Europe. However, actual teaching practices are likely to vary according to factors such as the educational level and supra-national differences, including legal guidelines and the level of extramural English, i.e. out-of-school use of English (Sundqvist, 2009). Those factors presumably influence the role of grammar teaching in foreign language classrooms, which has been the subject of continuous debate (see Graus & Coppen, 2016; Thornbury, 1999; Ur, 2011). Such potential differences in teacher-reported ELT practices across Europe have not yet been investigated in instructed second language acquisition research. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the type of instruction in lower vs. upper secondary school in Sweden, Austria, and France, countries ranking differently in the EF Proficiency index (Education First, 2019). 615 secondary English teachers across the three countries filled in an online questionnaire designed to assess their use of planned vs. incidental form focus, implicit vs. explicit, and inductive vs. deductive instruction (Ellis, 2001a, 2009; Long, 1991). Results seem to indicate that (1) in lower secondary, Swedish teachers teach less explicitly than teachers in Austria and France; (2) Sweden provides ELT that is more implicit-fluency-based than does Austria and France; (3) incidental (rather than planned) grammar teaching is more dominant in upper than in lower secondary across countries and in Sweden and France as compared to Austria; and (4) French teachers differ from the other groups in their application of more inductive rather than deductive instruction. We argue that both the educational level and a country’s language policies and ideologies – and consequently also the extent to which they encourage use and exposure to extramural English – may be determining factors in the type of instruction applied in ELT.
Audience Secondary Education
Author Schurz, Alexandra
Coumel, Marion
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Alexandra
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8734-2764
  surname: Schurz
  fullname: Schurz, Alexandra
  email: alexandra.schurz@univie.ac.at
  organization: University of Vienna, Austria
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Marion
  surname: Coumel
  fullname: Coumel, Marion
  organization: University of Warwick, UK
BackLink http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1388107$$DView record in ERIC
BookMark eNp9kEFLAzEQhYNUsFbvXoSA59XJJrtJvJVSq1IQpJ6XbJqtKe1mTdKD_960KwoFPc3A-94w752jQetag9AVgVtCOL8jtMxJKUQOsmSE8hM0JIzzDGTBBmlPcrbXz9B5CGsAoAXQIXqdebXdKo-jUfrdtitsWzydL-7xGGvvQshaFa1r1QZrt-2Ut8G12DU9b3zmTed8NEvceaWj1SZcoNNGbYK5_J4j9PYwXUwes_nL7GkynmeachqzAmoCTZELLUXJDDBpaFED8FyVXDRLIaGoDdTLZVkzLZlUJBeNbCSUmtcp4gjd9Hc77z52JsRq7XY-fRqqXDCe8yLFTdR1TxlvddV5m8J-VtNnQoUgwJMOvX5I603zwxCo9s1Wx80mS3lk0TYeWope2c1_xqw3BrUyv9_-yX8Bxx2IPQ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1111_tger_12291
crossref_primary_10_2478_amns_2024_2021
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40862_024_00283_z
crossref_primary_10_70838_pemj_420401
crossref_primary_10_1177_13621688211040298
crossref_primary_10_1177_13621688251333092
crossref_primary_10_3390_su15076109
crossref_primary_10_3390_languages7010035
crossref_primary_10_1111_lang_12624
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42321_022_00121_w
Cites_doi 10.1111/j.1467-1770.2001.tb00013.x
10.1093/elt/57.2.139
10.21832/9781847691767-003
10.1017/S0272263105050163
10.1017/S0261444803001903
10.1177/1362168815603237
10.1017/S0261444818000125
10.1177/1362168817752377
10.1075/sibil.2.07lon
10.1017/S0272263102002073
10.1017/S0272263105050126
10.1016/j.system.2019.06.005
10.1017/S0272263199001011
10.1111/j.1540-4781.1993.tb01944.x
10.1207/s15326985ep2701_6
10.1017/S0272263105050138
10.1016/j.system.2009.03.002
10.17265/2159-5313/2016.09.003
10.1017/S0272263104263021
10.4324/9781315676968-1
10.2307/3587834
10.1080/01690960601049438
10.15700/201412120943
10.2307/40264512
10.1111/josl.12014
10.1177/1362168816628627
10.1017/9781108768924.015
10.37546/JALTJJ35.1-2
10.3102/00028312029002325
10.1093/applin/25.2.243
10.1017/S0261444800012799
10.1017/S0261444810000224
10.2307/343165
10.1111/0023-8333.00142
10.1017/S0272263100009517
10.1093/applin/22.4.470
10.3758/s13421-012-0262-9
10.1075/sibil.48
10.17011/apples/urn.201512234129
10.1017/9781009024532
10.1016/S0022-5371(67)80149-X
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2020
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2020
DBID AFRWT
AAYXX
CITATION
7SW
BJH
BNH
BNI
BNJ
BNO
ERI
PET
REK
WWN
7T9
AHOVV
DOI 10.1177/1362168820964137
DatabaseName Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024
CrossRef
ERIC
ERIC (Ovid)
ERIC
ERIC
ERIC (Legacy Platform)
ERIC( SilverPlatter )
ERIC
ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)
Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)
ERIC
Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)
Education Research Index
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
ERIC
Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)
DatabaseTitleList
Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)
ERIC
CrossRef
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Languages & Literatures
Education
EISSN 1477-0954
ERIC EJ1388107
EndPage 1192
ExternalDocumentID EJ1388107
10_1177_1362168820964137
10.1177_1362168820964137
GeographicLocations France
Sweden
Austria
Europe
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Austria
– name: France
– name: Sweden
– name: Europe
GroupedDBID -TM
.2G
.2L
0-V
01A
09Z
0R~
18M
1~K
29L
31S
31V
31W
31X
4.4
54M
56W
5GY
5VS
8FW
8R4
8R5
AABOD
AACKU
AADIR
AADUE
AAGGD
AAGLT
AAJPV
AAKTJ
AAMFR
AANSI
AAPEO
AAQDB
AAQXI
AARIX
AATAA
AAWLO
AAYOK
ABAWP
ABCCA
ABCJG
ABEIX
ABFSI
ABFXH
ABHQH
ABIDT
ABJNI
ABKRH
ABPNF
ABQKF
ABQPY
ABQXT
ABRHV
ABUJY
ABUWG
ABYTW
ACAEP
ACDXX
ACFUR
ACFZE
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACHQT
ACJER
ACLZU
ACOFE
ACOXC
ACROE
ACRPL
ACSIQ
ACUFS
ACUIR
ACZOB
ADDLC
ADEBD
ADEIA
ADNMO
ADNON
ADPEE
ADRRZ
ADSTG
ADTOS
ADUKL
ADYCS
AEDXQ
AEOBU
AERSA
AESMA
AESZF
AEUHG
AEVPJ
AEWDL
AEWHI
AEXNY
AFEET
AFKBI
AFKRA
AFKRG
AFMOU
AFQAA
AFRWT
AFUIA
AFWMB
AGDVU
AGKLV
AGNHF
AGNWV
AGQPQ
AGWNL
AGWVZ
AHDMH
AHHFK
AHWHD
AIMQZ
AJUZI
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALSLI
ANDLU
ARALO
ARTOV
ARYUH
ASPBG
ATKJL
AUTPY
AUVAJ
AVQMV
AVWKF
AYPQM
AZFZN
AZQEC
B8O
B8S
B8T
B8Z
BDZRT
BENPR
BMVBW
BPACV
BPHCQ
BYIEH
C1A
CAG
CBRKF
CCGJY
CCPQU
CEADM
CJNVE
COF
CPGLG
CRLPW
CS3
DD0
DD~
DG~
DOPDO
DU5
DV7
DV8
DWQXO
E.L
EBS
ECE
EJD
FEDTE
FHBDP
GNUQQ
GROUPED_SAGE_PREMIER_JOURNAL_COLLECTION
H13
HF~
HVGLF
HZ~
IN-
J8X
K50
LIQON
M0P
M1D
N9A
O9-
P.B
P2P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PMKZF
PQEDU
PQQKQ
PROAC
Q1R
Q2X
Q7O
Q7P
Q7X
ROL
S01
SASJQ
SAUOL
SCNPE
SFB
SFC
SFK
SFN
SFT
SGP
SGU
SGV
SHB
SHF
SHM
SPJ
SQCSI
SSDHQ
UKR
WHG
XIH
ZPLXX
ZPPRI
~32
0SE
AAEJI
AAPII
AAWJA
AAYXX
ABUAX
ACCVC
AEYHP
AFFHD
AJGYC
AJHME
AJVBE
AMNSR
CITATION
PEJEM
PRQQA
7SW
BJH
BNH
BNI
BNJ
BNO
ERI
PET
REK
WWN
7T9
AHOVV
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-50b10f528c9864e049e35b0072a678fd8905be0bdd6b4c949a128f9f906c7b413
IEDL.DBID AEVPJ
ISICitedReferencesCount 13
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000599635500001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1362-1688
IngestDate Thu Nov 20 16:51:09 EST 2025
Tue Dec 02 16:47:30 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 08:10:45 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 20:55:41 EST 2025
Tue Jun 17 22:38:10 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Keywords inductive vs. deductive instruction
planned vs. incidental form-focused teaching
English Language Teaching
extramural English
Instructed Second Language Acquisition
implicit vs. explicit instruction
Language English
License This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c373t-50b10f528c9864e049e35b0072a678fd8905be0bdd6b4c949a128f9f906c7b413
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0001-8734-2764
OpenAccessLink https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1362168820964137?utm_source=summon&utm_medium=discovery-provider
PQID 2847275688
PQPubID 40373
PageCount 26
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2847275688
eric_primary_EJ1388107
crossref_primary_10_1177_1362168820964137
crossref_citationtrail_10_1177_1362168820964137
sage_journals_10_1177_1362168820964137
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20230900
2023-09-00
20230901
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-09-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 9
  year: 2023
  text: 20230900
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London, England
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London, England
– name: London
PublicationTitle Language teaching research : LTR
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher SAGE Publications
Sage Publications Ltd
Publisher_xml – name: SAGE Publications
– name: Sage Publications Ltd
References VanPatten, Cadierno 1993; 77
Soukup 2016; 25
Basturkmen, Loewen, Ellis 2004; 25
Williams 2005; 27
Graus, Coppen 2016; 20
Lyster 2004; 26
Schurz 2018; 27
Ellis 2016; 20
Sato, Oyanedel 2019; 84
McKay 2003; 57
VanPatten 1989; 72
Breen, Hird, Milton, Oliver, Thwaite 2001; 22
Loewen 2005; 27
Sharwood Smith 1981; 11
Nishimuro, Borg 2013; 35
Kagan 1992; 27
Ellis 2002; 24
Farrell, Lim 2005; 9
Holt-Reynolds 1992; 29
Borg 2003; 36
Reber 1967; 6
Duff, Uchida 1997; 31
Spada 1997; 30
Hirakawa, Shibuya, Endo 2019; 23
Lightbown, Spada 1990; 12
Muranoi 2000; 50
Uysal, Bardakci 2014; 34
Ellis 2006; 40
Phipps, Borg 2009; 37
Loewen, Sato 2018; 51
Spada 2011; 44
Cleary, Langley 2007; 22
Williams 1999; 21
Robinson 2005; 27
Bolton, Meierkord 2013; 17
Sundqvist, Olin-Scheller 2013; 7
Brooks, Kempe 2013; 41
Olsson, Sylvén 2015; 9
bibr8-1362168820964137
bibr104-1362168820964137
Gunnarsson B.- L. (bibr36-1362168820964137) 2001
bibr71-1362168820964137
Doughty C.J. (bibr22-1362168820964137) 1998
Sundqvist P. (bibr95-1362168820964137) 2020
DeKeyser R.M. (bibr20-1362168820964137) 1998
bibr39-1362168820964137
bibr63-1362168820964137
Long M.H. (bibr49-1362168820964137) 1998
Borg S. (bibr14-1362168820964137) 2006
bibr29-1362168820964137
Schurz A. (bibr78-1362168820964137) 2018; 27
bibr30-1362168820964137
bibr55-1362168820964137
bibr81-1362168820964137
bibr27-1362168820964137
Doughty C.J. (bibr23-1362168820964137) 1998
bibr35-1362168820964137
bibr61-1362168820964137
bibr6-1362168820964137
Skolverket (bibr82-1362168820964137) 2011
bibr45-1362168820964137
bibr32-1362168820964137
bibr40-1362168820964137
Long M.H. (bibr47-1362168820964137) 1988
bibr53-1362168820964137
bibr106-1362168820964137
bibr76-1362168820964137
bibr68-1362168820964137
bibr84-1362168820964137
bibr50-1362168820964137
OSZ (Österreichisches Sprachen-Kompetenz-Zentrum) (bibr65-1362168820964137) 2014
bibr51-1362168820964137
Skott J. (bibr88-1362168820964137) 2015
Sharwood Smith M.A (bibr79-1362168820964137) 1981; 11
Sundin K. (bibr93-1362168820964137) 2000
bibr85-1362168820964137
Hedge T. (bibr37-1362168820964137) 2008
bibr42-1362168820964137
bibr34-1362168820964137
bibr77-1362168820964137
bibr57-1362168820964137
Ortega L. (bibr64-1362168820964137) 2008
bibr31-1362168820964137
Sundqvist P. (bibr96-1362168820964137) 2013; 7
Ellis R. (bibr26-1362168820964137) 2001
Qvist A. (bibr69-1362168820964137) 2017
Council of Europe (bibr19-1362168820964137) 2009
Ur P. (bibr99-1362168820964137) 1991
bibr2-1362168820964137
bibr18-1362168820964137
bibr105-1362168820964137
bibr15-1362168820964137
bibr70-1362168820964137
bibr102-1362168820964137
bibr5-1362168820964137
Soukup B. (bibr90-1362168820964137) 2016; 25
bibr62-1362168820964137
bibr38-1362168820964137
bibr89-1362168820964137
bibr46-1362168820964137
bibr54-1362168820964137
bibr80-1362168820964137
bibr97-1362168820964137
bibr11-1362168820964137
bibr13-1362168820964137
bibr103-1362168820964137
bibr7-1362168820964137
bibr56-1362168820964137
bibr72-1362168820964137
Alanen R. (bibr1-1362168820964137) 1995
Ur P. (bibr100-1362168820964137) 2011
bibr87-1362168820964137
Richardson V. (bibr73-1362168820964137) 1996
bibr101-1362168820964137
bibr48-1362168820964137
bibr74-1362168820964137
bibr9-1362168820964137
bibr58-1362168820964137
bibr66-1362168820964137
bibr92-1362168820964137
bibr3-1362168820964137
bibr25-1362168820964137
Farrell T.S. (bibr33-1362168820964137) 2005; 9
bibr17-1362168820964137
bibr41-1362168820964137
bibr59-1362168820964137
bibr16-1362168820964137
Thornbury S. (bibr98-1362168820964137) 1999
bibr67-1362168820964137
bibr4-1362168820964137
bibr24-1362168820964137
Bonnet G. (bibr12-1362168820964137) 2004
bibr86-1362168820964137
bibr60-1362168820964137
bibr94-1362168820964137
bibr52-1362168820964137
bibr44-1362168820964137
bibr28-1362168820964137
Lightbown P.M. (bibr43-1362168820964137) 1993
bibr91-1362168820964137
Dörnyei Z. (bibr21-1362168820964137) 2007
bibr83-1362168820964137
bibr75-1362168820964137
bibr10-1362168820964137
References_xml – volume: 27
  start-page: 269
  year: 2005
  end-page: 304
  article-title: Learning without awareness
  publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition
– volume: 17
  start-page: 93
  year: 2013
  end-page: 117
  article-title: English in contemporary Sweden: Perceptions, policies, and narrated practices
  publication-title: Journal of Sociolinguistics
– volume: 22
  start-page: 470
  year: 2001
  end-page: 501
  article-title: Making sense of language teaching: Teachers’ principles and classroom practices
  publication-title: Applied Linguistics
– volume: 34
  start-page: 1
  year: 2014
  end-page: 16
  article-title: Teacher beliefs and practices of grammar teaching: Focusing on meaning, form, or forms?
  publication-title: South African Journal of Education
– volume: 27
  start-page: 65
  year: 1992
  end-page: 90
  article-title: Implication of research on teacher belief
  publication-title: Educational Psychologist
– volume: 31
  start-page: 451
  year: 1997
  end-page: 486
  article-title: The negotiation of teachers’ sociocultural identities and practices in postsecondary EFL classrooms
  publication-title: TESOL Quarterly
– volume: 9
  start-page: 77
  year: 2015
  end-page: 103
  article-title: Extramural English and academic vocabulary: A longitudinal study of CLIL and non-CLIL students in Sweden
  publication-title: Apples: Journal of Applied Language Studies
– volume: 30
  start-page: 73
  year: 1997
  end-page: 87
  article-title: Form-focussed instruction and second language acquisition: A review of classroom and laboratory research
  publication-title: Language Teaching
– volume: 20
  start-page: 571
  year: 2016
  end-page: 599
  article-title: Student teacher beliefs on grammar instruction
  publication-title: Language Teaching Research
– volume: 72
  start-page: 409
  year: 1989
  end-page: 417
  article-title: Can learners attend to form and content while processing input?
  publication-title: Hispania
– volume: 29
  start-page: 325
  year: 1992
  end-page: 349
  article-title: Personal history-based beliefs as relevant prior knowledge in course work
  publication-title: American Educational Research Journal
– volume: 51
  start-page: 285
  year: 2018
  end-page: 329
  article-title: Interaction and instructed second language acquisition
  publication-title: Language Teaching
– volume: 35
  start-page: 29
  year: 2013
  article-title: Teacher cognition and grammar teaching in a Japanese high school
  publication-title: JALT Journal
– volume: 23
  start-page: 158
  year: 2019
  end-page: 178
  article-title: Explicit instruction, input flood or study abroad: Which helps Japanese learners of English acquire adjective ordering?
  publication-title: Language Teaching Research
– volume: 27
  start-page: 361
  year: 2005
  end-page: 386
  article-title: Incidental focus on form and second language learning
  publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition
– volume: 57
  start-page: 139
  year: 2003
  end-page: 148
  article-title: Teaching English as an International Language: the Chilean context
  publication-title: ELT Journal
– volume: 77
  start-page: 45
  year: 1993
  end-page: 57
  article-title: Input processing and second language acquisition: A role for instruction
  publication-title: The Modern Language Journal
– volume: 37
  start-page: 380
  year: 2009
  end-page: 390
  article-title: Exploring tensions between teachers’ grammar teaching beliefs and practices
  publication-title: System
– volume: 22
  start-page: 614
  year: 2007
  end-page: 628
  article-title: Retention of the structure underlying sentences
  publication-title: Language and Cognitive Processes
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  end-page: 24
  article-title: English in the linguistic landscape of Vienna, Austria (ELLViA): Outline, rationale, and methodology of a large-scale empirical project on language choice on public signs from the perspective of sign-readers
  publication-title: VIEWS
– volume: 24
  start-page: 223
  year: 2002
  end-page: 236
  article-title: Does form-focused instruction affect the acquisition of implicit knowledge? A review of research
  publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition
– volume: 26
  start-page: 399
  year: 2004
  end-page: 432
  article-title: Differential effects of prompts and recasts in form-focused instruction
  publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1
  year: 2005
  end-page: 13
  article-title: Conceptions of grammar teaching: A case study of teachers’ beliefs and classroom practices
  publication-title: TESL-EJ
– volume: 40
  start-page: 83
  year: 2006
  end-page: 107
  article-title: Current issues in the teaching of grammar: An SLA perspective
  publication-title: TESOL Quarterly
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1
  year: 1999
  end-page: 48
  article-title: Memory, attention, and inductive learning
  publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition
– volume: 41
  start-page: 281
  year: 2013
  end-page: 296
  article-title: Individual differences in adult foreign language learning: The mediating effect of metalinguistic awareness
  publication-title: Memory and Cognition
– volume: 11
  start-page: 159
  year: 1981
  end-page: 168
  article-title: Consciousness-raising and the second language learner
  publication-title: Applied Linguistics
– volume: 50
  start-page: 617
  year: 2000
  end-page: 673
  article-title: Focus on form through interaction enhancement: Integrating formal instruction into a communicative task in EFL classrooms
  publication-title: Language Learning
– volume: 27
  start-page: 235
  year: 2005
  end-page: 268
  article-title: Cognitive abilities, chunk-strength, and frequency effects in implicit artificial grammar and incidental L2 learning: Replications of Reber, Walkenfeld, and Hernstadt (1991) and Knowlton and Squire (1996) and their Relevance for SLA
  publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition
– volume: 7
  start-page: 329
  year: 2013
  end-page: 338
  article-title: Classroom vs. extramural English: Teachers dealing with demotivation
  publication-title: Language and Linguistics
– volume: 36
  start-page: 81
  year: 2003
  end-page: 109
  article-title: Teacher cognition in language teaching: A review of research on what language teachers think, know, believe, and do
  publication-title: Language Teaching
– volume: 6
  start-page: 855
  year: 1967
  end-page: 863
  article-title: Implicit learning of artificial grammars
  publication-title: Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior
– volume: 44
  start-page: 225
  year: 2011
  end-page: 236
  article-title: Beyond form-focused instruction: Reflections on past, present and future research
  publication-title: Language Teaching
– volume: 27
  start-page: 22
  year: 2018
  end-page: 54
  article-title: Do rules really rule? Implicit and explicit knowledge of Swedish learners of English
  publication-title: VIEWS
– volume: 25
  start-page: 243
  year: 2004
  end-page: 272
  article-title: Teachers’ stated beliefs about incidental focus on form and their classroom practices
  publication-title: Applied Linguistics
– volume: 20
  start-page: 405
  year: 2016
  end-page: 428
  article-title: Focus on form: A critical review
  publication-title: Language Teaching Research
– volume: 12
  start-page: 429
  year: 1990
  end-page: 448
  article-title: Focus-on-form and corrective feedback in communicative language teaching
  publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition
– volume: 84
  start-page: 110
  year: 2019
  end-page: 122
  article-title: ‘I think that is a better way to teach but . . .’: EFL teachers’ conflicting beliefs about grammar teaching
  publication-title: System
– ident: bibr57-1362168820964137
– start-page: 42
  volume-title: Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition
  year: 1998
  ident: bibr20-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr68-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr27-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-1770.2001.tb00013.x
– ident: bibr52-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1093/elt/57.2.139
– ident: bibr30-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.21832/9781847691767-003
– ident: bibr44-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/S0272263105050163
– volume-title: Understanding second language acquisition: Understanding language
  year: 2008
  ident: bibr64-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr25-1362168820964137
– volume-title: Kompetenzaufbau im Englischunterricht der Grundschule: Praxisbeispiele und Unterrichtsvideos zu den Grundkompetenzen GK4
  year: 2014
  ident: bibr65-1362168820964137
– volume-title: How languages are learned: Oxford handbooks for language teachers
  year: 1993
  ident: bibr43-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr13-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/S0261444803001903
– ident: bibr81-1362168820964137
– start-page: 15
  volume-title: Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition
  year: 1998
  ident: bibr49-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr35-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1177/1362168815603237
– ident: bibr80-1362168820964137
– start-page: 197
  volume-title: Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition
  year: 1998
  ident: bibr23-1362168820964137
– volume-title: Kvalitetsgranskning: Engelska i grundskolans årskurser 6–9
  year: 2011
  ident: bibr82-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr32-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr46-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/S0261444818000125
– volume-title: The assessment of pupils’ skills in English in eight European countries: A European project
  year: 2004
  ident: bibr12-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr38-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1177/1362168817752377
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: bibr90-1362168820964137
  publication-title: VIEWS
– ident: bibr66-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr48-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1075/sibil.2.07lon
– ident: bibr28-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/S0272263102002073
– ident: bibr74-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/S0272263105050126
– ident: bibr76-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1016/j.system.2019.06.005
– ident: bibr105-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/S0272263199001011
– volume: 7
  start-page: 329
  year: 2013
  ident: bibr96-1362168820964137
  publication-title: Language and Linguistics
– volume-title: Teaching and learning in the language classroom. Oxford handbooks for language teachers
  year: 2008
  ident: bibr37-1362168820964137
– volume-title: Likvärdig Engelskundervisning: En tidsfråga? Pedagogiskt arbete (avancerat nivå)
  year: 2017
  ident: bibr69-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr103-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4781.1993.tb01944.x
– ident: bibr75-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr40-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep2701_6
– ident: bibr106-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/S0272263105050138
– ident: bibr67-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1016/j.system.2009.03.002
– volume-title: A course in language teaching. Practice and theory
  year: 1991
  ident: bibr99-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr56-1362168820964137
– start-page: 507
  volume-title: Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning: Volume II
  year: 2011
  ident: bibr100-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr41-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.17265/2159-5313/2016.09.003
– ident: bibr50-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/S0272263104263021
– ident: bibr45-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.4324/9781315676968-1
– volume-title: Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment
  year: 2009
  ident: bibr19-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr24-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.2307/3587834
– ident: bibr17-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1080/01690960601049438
– ident: bibr5-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr18-1362168820964137
– start-page: 102
  volume-title: Handbook of research on teacher education: A project of the Association of Teacher Educators
  year: 1996
  ident: bibr73-1362168820964137
– volume-title: Attention and awareness in foreign language learning
  year: 1995
  ident: bibr1-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr83-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.17265/2159-5313/2016.09.003
– start-page: 151
  volume-title: An early start: Young learners and modern languages in Europe and beyond
  year: 2000
  ident: bibr93-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr101-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.15700/201412120943
– volume-title: Form-focused instruction and second language learning
  year: 2001
  ident: bibr26-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr51-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr29-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.2307/40264512
– ident: bibr11-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1111/josl.12014
– ident: bibr84-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr4-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr62-1362168820964137
– volume: 27
  start-page: 22
  year: 2018
  ident: bibr78-1362168820964137
  publication-title: VIEWS
– ident: bibr6-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr31-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1177/1362168816628627
– ident: bibr89-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/9781108768924.015
– ident: bibr86-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr59-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.37546/JALTJJ35.1-2
– ident: bibr39-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.3102/00028312029002325
– ident: bibr3-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1093/applin/25.2.243
– ident: bibr91-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/S0261444800012799
– ident: bibr92-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/S0261444810000224
– ident: bibr7-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr94-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr102-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.2307/343165
– ident: bibr58-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1111/0023-8333.00142
– ident: bibr42-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/S0272263100009517
– ident: bibr15-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1093/applin/22.4.470
– ident: bibr16-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.3758/s13421-012-0262-9
– ident: bibr85-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr60-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr55-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.17265/2159-5313/2016.09.003
– ident: bibr10-1362168820964137
– start-page: 114
  volume-title: Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition
  year: 1998
  ident: bibr22-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr54-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr8-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr2-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr87-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr77-1362168820964137
– start-page: 51
  volume-title: Managing multilingualism in a European nation-state challenges for Sweden
  year: 2001
  ident: bibr36-1362168820964137
– volume-title: Teacher cognition and language education: Research and practice
  year: 2006
  ident: bibr14-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr71-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1075/sibil.48
– start-page: 115
  volume-title: Issues in second language acquisition: Multiple perspectives
  year: 1988
  ident: bibr47-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr53-1362168820964137
– start-page: 319
  volume-title: Blackwell handbooks in linguistics: The handbook of informal language learning
  year: 2020
  ident: bibr95-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr9-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr97-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr61-1362168820964137
– volume: 11
  start-page: 159
  year: 1981
  ident: bibr79-1362168820964137
  publication-title: Applied Linguistics
– ident: bibr34-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr63-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.17011/apples/urn.201512234129
– volume-title: How to teach grammar
  year: 1999
  ident: bibr98-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr72-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1017/9781009024532
– volume-title: Educational psychology handbook series. International handbook of research on teachers’ beliefs
  year: 2015
  ident: bibr88-1362168820964137
– ident: bibr104-1362168820964137
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1
  year: 2005
  ident: bibr33-1362168820964137
  publication-title: TESL-EJ
– ident: bibr70-1362168820964137
  doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(67)80149-X
– volume-title: Research methods in applied linguistics: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies
  year: 2007
  ident: bibr21-1362168820964137
SSID ssj0003503
Score 2.3779805
Snippet Today, the Common European Framework of Reference (2009), and with it the action-based approach, underlies English Language Teaching (ELT) curricula throughout...
SourceID proquest
eric
crossref
sage
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 1167
SubjectTerms Academic achievement
Classrooms
Comparative Analysis
Comparative studies
Competence
Cross Cultural Studies
Curricula
Education policy
Educational attainment
Educational Policy
Educational standards
English (Second Language)
English as a second language instruction
English Instruction
English language
English teachers
Fluency
Foreign Countries
Foreign languages
French as a second language instruction
French teachers
Grammar
Grammar instruction
Incidental Learning
Informal Education
Instructional Program Divisions
International comparisons
Language acquisition
Language Fluency
Language policy
Language Proficiency
Language Teachers
Language teaching methods
Language Usage
Second Language Instruction
Second Language Learning
Second language teachers
Secondary education
Secondary School Teachers
Secondary schools
Swedish language
Teacher Attitudes
Teachers
Teaching
Teaching Methods
Title Grammar teaching in ELT: A cross-national comparison of teacher-reported practices
URI https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1362168820964137
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1388107
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2847275688
Volume 27
WOSCitedRecordID wos000599635500001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVSPB
  databaseName: SAGE Journals HSS Package 2015
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1477-0954
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0003503
  issn: 1362-1688
  databaseCode: AEVPJ
  dateStart: 19990101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://journals.sagepub.com/
  providerName: SAGE Publications
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwvV1LS8QwEB509eDF92N9kYMIHuK2TXebeJFFVkUWEVHxVtq0gQWtsu0K_ntn2rS-UDx5badNk0xnJvP4BmAv1shEsYi4iH2H-5HyeIQHOPzdkWOEkYFWZaHwMLi8lPf36moKsroWxq5gfkhpVfhFpbCmv5u80R0bZOy4KHbdHhqHaICjFA6OJ8VjWHm766YadIXC05NHimxryod85XV12zTMeIQT04KZ_uDu6qKR3aJb9lKm93Ma4D2w-W3MT4rsc640Gakf8sJKVXW68N-TXIR5a9SyfsWFSzCVZsvUD9rmjizD-tC6RXO2z4YNknO-Atdn44jK51hh0zrZKGOD4c0R67Ny4rx2VzLdtExkT6aiT8e8CnqkCavrvfJVuD0d3Jycc9vngWsRiIJ3ndh1TNeTmrDiUzyzpKIbE6Z5hKrUJFIhO6VOnCS92NfKVxEqVaOMcno6iHFp1qCVPWXpBjA_QYtRmyBRJZhZopQx0kuEMZFSkXDb0Kk3LdQWBJ16cTyErsU9_7rqbThonniuAEB-oV0jPmjoBheukBIP2G3YrjkjrDc_JMOAwPelbMM-ccL7rZ8G2Pwr4RbMeWiNVclw29AqxpN0B2b1SzHKx7uW698A_ZURZQ
linkProvider SAGE Publications
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LT8MwDLZ4SXDhMV6FATkgJA6BdunWhNuENsYo04QG2q1q00ZCQgWtg9-P06YdD4GQONdJk9ixncT-DHAcSRSiiIWURa5N3VA0aIgHONzuKDFMcU-KPFHY9wYDPh6L4YdSX2YFszMdVoUjypV1tbt1njhqXKeFfiH63qiAvXlYdNFrxz252O48DPuVGmbNvCyypqe6weyN8lsfn2zS57Bn7W9-CPHKrU537R_jXYdV42qSdiEbGzCXpDVdpdlEdNRgxzeXlRk5IX6Fr5xtwt3VJNRJbWRqgi3JY0o6_uiCtEk-B1peIhJZFTIkz6qgTya0eIpIYlJmYWVbcN_tjC571FRfoJJ5bEqbduTYqtngUiO4J3iSSFgz0kjjIRo4FXOBTE7sKI5bkSuFK0I0dUooYbekF-FUt2EhfU6TXSBujH6cVF4scoixWAileCNmSoVChMyx4Lxc_0AaaHJdIeMpcAwa-ddVtOC0avFSwHL8QrutWVrRdfoO4xyPvRbUSyYHJR8Dba41JD7nFpxops4-_fSDvb8SHsFyb3TrB_714GYfVnTl-iJcrQ4L08lrcgBL8m36mE0OjTC_A5WR6Ug
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1ZT8MwDLZgIMQLx7jGmQc0iYewdunWhLcJNq5qmhAg3qo2aSQktE3r4PfjtGnHIRASz3XbJHZ8JPZngONYohDFLKIs9hzqRaJJIwzgcLujxDDNfSmyQuHA7_f505MY2NwcUwtjVzA9NWlVOKJMWZvdPVa6Ye8YGy5qXbeNviH636iE_XlYwKjGQTFf6HQfBzelKmatrDWyoafmhdk95bdvfLJLn1Ofjc_5Ic0rszy91X-OeQ1WrMtJOrmMrMNcMqyabs02s6MK24E9tExJnQQlznK6AXeXk8gUt5GpTbokz0PSDe7PSIdk86DFYSKRZUNDMtI5fTKh-ZVEokhRjZVuwkOve39-RW0XBiqZz6a05cSuo1tNLg2Se4IRRcJasUEcj9DQacUFMjtxYqXasSeFJyI0eVpo4bSlH-NUt6AyHA2THSCeQn9Oal-JDGpMCaE1byqmdSRExNwaNAoehNJClJtOGS-ha1HJv65iDU7KN8Y5PMcvtFuGrSVd98ZlnGP4W4P9gtFhwcvQmG0Djc95DeqGsbNHP_1g96-ER7A0uOiFwXX_dg-WTQP7PGttHyrTyWtyAIvybfqcTg6tPL8Dda_rvA
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Grammar+Teaching+in+ELT%3A+A+Cross-National+Comparison+of+Teacher-Reported+Practices&rft.jtitle=Language+teaching+research+%3A+LTR&rft.au=Schurz%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=Coumel%2C+Marion&rft.date=2023-09-01&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.issn=1362-1688&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F1362168820964137&rft.externalDocID=EJ1388107
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1362-1688&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1362-1688&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1362-1688&client=summon