Transformation‐Invariant Laplacian Metadevices Robust to Environmental Variation
As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years’ research efforts, the invisibility cloak has extended its applicability from optics and acoustics to electrostatics and thermal diffusion. One scientific challenge that h...
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| Vydáno v: | Advanced materials (Weinheim) Ročník 37; číslo 8; s. e2412929 - n/a |
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| Abstract | As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years’ research efforts, the invisibility cloak has extended its applicability from optics and acoustics to electrostatics and thermal diffusion. One scientific challenge that has significantly restricted the practical application of the invisibility cloak is the strong background dependence, that is, all passive cloaking devices realized thus far are unable to resist variation in the background refractive index. To tackle such a challenge, the concept of transformation‐invariant metamaterials (TIMs) is applied to static‐field systems and shows that, for any physical fields governed by Laplace equation, judiciously designed TIMs can be used to realize invisibility cloaks robust to the environment variation. As an experimental proof, an ideal direct current (DC) cloak‐is implemented based on TIMs and near‐field measurement results demonstrate that such a cloak can successfully conceal a large‐scale object when the background conductivity varies from 22 to 859 kS m−1. Moreover, the background‐immune cloaking effect is observed under arbitrary electric sources. The approach proposed in this work can be also applied to static magnetics, thermal diffusion, and beyond, enabling robust isolation of the target from the external field in versatile application scenarios.
Inspired by the recently proposed transformation‐invariant metamaterial, a DC cloak made of judiciously stacked copper/air multilayer is successfully constructed. It shows a robust cloaking performance even if the background conductivity varies from 22 to 859 kS m−1, which demonstrates significantly improved environment‐immune properties compared with those of conventional cloaks, for example traditional TO cloak and bi‐layer cloak. |
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| AbstractList | As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years’ research efforts, the invisibility cloak has extended its applicability from optics and acoustics to electrostatics and thermal diffusion. One scientific challenge that has significantly restricted the practical application of the invisibility cloak is the strong background dependence, that is, all passive cloaking devices realized thus far are unable to resist variation in the background refractive index. To tackle such a challenge, the concept of transformation‐invariant metamaterials (TIMs) is applied to static‐field systems and shows that, for any physical fields governed by Laplace equation, judiciously designed TIMs can be used to realize invisibility cloaks robust to the environment variation. As an experimental proof, an ideal direct current (DC) cloak‐is implemented based on TIMs and near‐field measurement results demonstrate that such a cloak can successfully conceal a large‐scale object when the background conductivity varies from 22 to 859 kS m−1. Moreover, the background‐immune cloaking effect is observed under arbitrary electric sources. The approach proposed in this work can be also applied to static magnetics, thermal diffusion, and beyond, enabling robust isolation of the target from the external field in versatile application scenarios. As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years’ research efforts, the invisibility cloak has extended its applicability from optics and acoustics to electrostatics and thermal diffusion. One scientific challenge that has significantly restricted the practical application of the invisibility cloak is the strong background dependence, that is, all passive cloaking devices realized thus far are unable to resist variation in the background refractive index. To tackle such a challenge, the concept of transformation‐invariant metamaterials (TIMs) is applied to static‐field systems and shows that, for any physical fields governed by Laplace equation, judiciously designed TIMs can be used to realize invisibility cloaks robust to the environment variation. As an experimental proof, an ideal direct current (DC) cloak‐is implemented based on TIMs and near‐field measurement results demonstrate that such a cloak can successfully conceal a large‐scale object when the background conductivity varies from 22 to 859 kS m−1. Moreover, the background‐immune cloaking effect is observed under arbitrary electric sources. The approach proposed in this work can be also applied to static magnetics, thermal diffusion, and beyond, enabling robust isolation of the target from the external field in versatile application scenarios. Inspired by the recently proposed transformation‐invariant metamaterial, a DC cloak made of judiciously stacked copper/air multilayer is successfully constructed. It shows a robust cloaking performance even if the background conductivity varies from 22 to 859 kS m−1, which demonstrates significantly improved environment‐immune properties compared with those of conventional cloaks, for example traditional TO cloak and bi‐layer cloak. As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years’ research efforts, the invisibility cloak has extended its applicability from optics and acoustics to electrostatics and thermal diffusion. One scientific challenge that has significantly restricted the practical application of the invisibility cloak is the strong background dependence, that is, all passive cloaking devices realized thus far are unable to resist variation in the background refractive index. To tackle such a challenge, the concept of transformation‐invariant metamaterials (TIMs) is applied to static‐field systems and shows that, for any physical fields governed by Laplace equation, judiciously designed TIMs can be used to realize invisibility cloaks robust to the environment variation. As an experimental proof, an ideal direct current (DC) cloak‐is implemented based on TIMs and near‐field measurement results demonstrate that such a cloak can successfully conceal a large‐scale object when the background conductivity varies from 22 to 859 kS m −1 . Moreover, the background‐immune cloaking effect is observed under arbitrary electric sources. The approach proposed in this work can be also applied to static magnetics, thermal diffusion, and beyond, enabling robust isolation of the target from the external field in versatile application scenarios. As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years' research efforts, the invisibility cloak has extended its applicability from optics and acoustics to electrostatics and thermal diffusion. One scientific challenge that has significantly restricted the practical application of the invisibility cloak is the strong background dependence, that is, all passive cloaking devices realized thus far are unable to resist variation in the background refractive index. To tackle such a challenge, the concept of transformation-invariant metamaterials (TIMs) is applied to static-field systems and shows that, for any physical fields governed by Laplace equation, judiciously designed TIMs can be used to realize invisibility cloaks robust to the environment variation. As an experimental proof, an ideal direct current (DC) cloak-is implemented based on TIMs and near-field measurement results demonstrate that such a cloak can successfully conceal a large-scale object when the background conductivity varies from 22 to 859 kS m-1. Moreover, the background-immune cloaking effect is observed under arbitrary electric sources. The approach proposed in this work can be also applied to static magnetics, thermal diffusion, and beyond, enabling robust isolation of the target from the external field in versatile application scenarios.As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years' research efforts, the invisibility cloak has extended its applicability from optics and acoustics to electrostatics and thermal diffusion. One scientific challenge that has significantly restricted the practical application of the invisibility cloak is the strong background dependence, that is, all passive cloaking devices realized thus far are unable to resist variation in the background refractive index. To tackle such a challenge, the concept of transformation-invariant metamaterials (TIMs) is applied to static-field systems and shows that, for any physical fields governed by Laplace equation, judiciously designed TIMs can be used to realize invisibility cloaks robust to the environment variation. As an experimental proof, an ideal direct current (DC) cloak-is implemented based on TIMs and near-field measurement results demonstrate that such a cloak can successfully conceal a large-scale object when the background conductivity varies from 22 to 859 kS m-1. Moreover, the background-immune cloaking effect is observed under arbitrary electric sources. The approach proposed in this work can be also applied to static magnetics, thermal diffusion, and beyond, enabling robust isolation of the target from the external field in versatile application scenarios. As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years' research efforts, the invisibility cloak has extended its applicability from optics and acoustics to electrostatics and thermal diffusion. One scientific challenge that has significantly restricted the practical application of the invisibility cloak is the strong background dependence, that is, all passive cloaking devices realized thus far are unable to resist variation in the background refractive index. To tackle such a challenge, the concept of transformation-invariant metamaterials (TIMs) is applied to static-field systems and shows that, for any physical fields governed by Laplace equation, judiciously designed TIMs can be used to realize invisibility cloaks robust to the environment variation. As an experimental proof, an ideal direct current (DC) cloak-is implemented based on TIMs and near-field measurement results demonstrate that such a cloak can successfully conceal a large-scale object when the background conductivity varies from 22 to 859 kS m . Moreover, the background-immune cloaking effect is observed under arbitrary electric sources. The approach proposed in this work can be also applied to static magnetics, thermal diffusion, and beyond, enabling robust isolation of the target from the external field in versatile application scenarios. |
| Author | Zhang, Jingjing Qiu, Cheng‐Wei Yang, Qianru Luo, Yu Huang, Yao Meng, Lingsheng Yang, Tianzhi |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yao surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Yao organization: Nanyang Technological University – sequence: 2 givenname: Jingjing surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Jingjing email: zhangjingjing@seu.edu.cn organization: Southeast University – sequence: 3 givenname: Qianru surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Qianru organization: Nanyang Technological University – sequence: 4 givenname: Lingsheng surname: Meng fullname: Meng, Lingsheng organization: Nanyang Technological University – sequence: 5 givenname: Tianzhi surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Tianzhi organization: Northeastern University – sequence: 6 givenname: Cheng‐Wei surname: Qiu fullname: Qiu, Cheng‐Wei email: chengwei.qiu@nus.edu.sg organization: National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute – sequence: 7 givenname: Yu orcidid: 0000-0003-2925-682X surname: Luo fullname: Luo, Yu email: yu.luo@nuaa.edu.cn organization: Nanyang Technological University |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1002/adma.201305586 10.1088/2040-8986/aab976 10.1002/adma.201202624 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.054024 10.1126/science.1218316 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.024301 10.1364/OE.18.000244 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.214303 10.1038/ncomms5130 10.1038/nmat2461 10.1038/nmat2743 10.1002/adma.201500729 10.1126/science.1133628 10.1364/OE.19.008625 10.1364/OE.16.006815 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.036621 10.1364/OE.21.028948 10.1093/nsr/nwab205 10.1126/science.1126493 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.045423 10.1038/srep16032 10.1126/science.1125907 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.053902 10.1088/0022-3727/43/11/113001 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.067701 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.016623 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.195503 10.1038/nphoton.2014.307 10.1021/nl201189z 10.1038/srep09876 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245127 10.1080/09500349608232782 10.1117/1.AP.1.1.014001 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.074502 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.203901 |
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| Snippet | As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years’ research efforts, the... As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years' research efforts, the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Direct current Electrostatics Invariants invisibility cloak Laplace equation metamaterial Metamaterials Refractivity Robustness static field Stealth technology Thermal diffusion transformation optics Visibility |
| Title | Transformation‐Invariant Laplacian Metadevices Robust to Environmental Variation |
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