Self‐Activatable Photo‐Extracellular Vesicle for Synergistic Trimodal Anticancer Therapy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great potential in both disease treatment and drug delivery. However, accurate drug release from EVs, as well as the spontaneous treatment effect cooperation of EVs and drugs at target tissues, is still challenging. Here, an engineered self‐activatable photo‐EV for...

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Published in:	Advanced materials (Weinheim) Vol. 33; no. 7; pp. e2005562 - n/a
Main Authors:	Ding, Jingjing, Lu, Guihong, Nie, Weidong, Huang, Li‐Li, Zhang, Yahui, Fan, Wenlin, Wu, Guanghao, Liu, Houli, Xie, Hai‐Yan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.02.2021
Subjects:	Anticancer properties Cancer Chemical energy Chemiluminescence chemotherapy extracellular vesicle Hydrogen peroxide Immunotherapy Macrophages Materials science Photodynamic therapy Singlet oxygen tumor microenvironment Tumors tumor microenvironment chemotherapy extracellular vesicle photodynamic therapy immunotherapy
ISSN:	0935-9648, 1521-4095, 1521-4095
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great potential in both disease treatment and drug delivery. However, accurate drug release from EVs, as well as the spontaneous treatment effect cooperation of EVs and drugs at target tissues, is still challenging. Here, an engineered self‐activatable photo‐EV for synergistic trimodal anticancer therapy is reported. M1 macrophage‐derived EVs (M1 EVs) are simultaneously loaded with bis[2,4,5‐trichloro‐6‐(pentyloxycarbonyl) phenyl] oxalate (CPPO), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and prodrug aldoxorubicin (Dox‐EMCH). After administration, the as‐prepared system actively targets tumor cells because of the tumor‐homing capability of M1 EVs, wherein M1 EVs repolarize M2 to M1 macrophages, which not only display immunotherapy effects but also produce H2O2. The reaction between H2O2 and CPPO generates chemical energy that activates Ce6, creating both chemiluminescence for imaging and singlet oxygen (1O2) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, 1O2‐induced membrane rupture leads to the release of Dox‐EMCH, which is then activated and penetrates the deep hypoxic areas of tumors. The synergism of immunotherapy, PDT, and chemotherapy results in potent anticancer efficacy, showing great promise to fight cancers. Self‐activatable photo‐extracellular vesicles are constructed by loading M1‐macrophage‐derived EVs with bis[2,4,5‐trichloro‐6‐(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl] oxalate, chlorin e6, and prodrug aldoxorubicin. These skillfully engineered extracellular vesicles can actively target tumors owing to their inherent tumor‐homing ability, wherein they exhibit potent trimodal therapy effects in an intersynergistic and self‐controllable way, attributed to the interaction between the engineered EV and the special tumor microenvironment.
AbstractList	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great potential in both disease treatment and drug delivery. However, accurate drug release from EVs, as well as the spontaneous treatment effect cooperation of EVs and drugs at target tissues, is still challenging. Here, an engineered self‐activatable photo‐EV for synergistic trimodal anticancer therapy is reported. M1 macrophage‐derived EVs (M1 EVs) are simultaneously loaded with bis[2,4,5‐trichloro‐6‐(pentyloxycarbonyl) phenyl] oxalate (CPPO), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and prodrug aldoxorubicin (Dox‐EMCH). After administration, the as‐prepared system actively targets tumor cells because of the tumor‐homing capability of M1 EVs, wherein M1 EVs repolarize M2 to M1 macrophages, which not only display immunotherapy effects but also produce H2O2. The reaction between H2O2 and CPPO generates chemical energy that activates Ce6, creating both chemiluminescence for imaging and singlet oxygen (1O2) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, 1O2‐induced membrane rupture leads to the release of Dox‐EMCH, which is then activated and penetrates the deep hypoxic areas of tumors. The synergism of immunotherapy, PDT, and chemotherapy results in potent anticancer efficacy, showing great promise to fight cancers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great potential in both disease treatment and drug delivery. However, accurate drug release from EVs, as well as the spontaneous treatment effect cooperation of EVs and drugs at target tissues, is still challenging. Here, an engineered self‐activatable photo‐EV for synergistic trimodal anticancer therapy is reported. M1 macrophage‐derived EVs (M1 EVs) are simultaneously loaded with bis[2,4,5‐trichloro‐6‐(pentyloxycarbonyl) phenyl] oxalate (CPPO), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and prodrug aldoxorubicin (Dox‐EMCH). After administration, the as‐prepared system actively targets tumor cells because of the tumor‐homing capability of M1 EVs, wherein M1 EVs repolarize M2 to M1 macrophages, which not only display immunotherapy effects but also produce H2O2. The reaction between H2O2 and CPPO generates chemical energy that activates Ce6, creating both chemiluminescence for imaging and singlet oxygen (1O2) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, 1O2‐induced membrane rupture leads to the release of Dox‐EMCH, which is then activated and penetrates the deep hypoxic areas of tumors. The synergism of immunotherapy, PDT, and chemotherapy results in potent anticancer efficacy, showing great promise to fight cancers. Self‐activatable photo‐extracellular vesicles are constructed by loading M1‐macrophage‐derived EVs with bis[2,4,5‐trichloro‐6‐(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl] oxalate, chlorin e6, and prodrug aldoxorubicin. These skillfully engineered extracellular vesicles can actively target tumors owing to their inherent tumor‐homing ability, wherein they exhibit potent trimodal therapy effects in an intersynergistic and self‐controllable way, attributed to the interaction between the engineered EV and the special tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great potential in both disease treatment and drug delivery. However, accurate drug release from EVs, as well as the spontaneous treatment effect cooperation of EVs and drugs at target tissues, is still challenging. Here, an engineered self-activatable photo-EV for synergistic trimodal anticancer therapy is reported. M1 macrophage-derived EVs (M1 EVs) are simultaneously loaded with bis[2,4,5-trichloro-6-(pentyloxycarbonyl) phenyl] oxalate (CPPO), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and prodrug aldoxorubicin (Dox-EMCH). After administration, the as-prepared system actively targets tumor cells because of the tumor-homing capability of M1 EVs, wherein M1 EVs repolarize M2 to M1 macrophages, which not only display immunotherapy effects but also produce H O . The reaction between H O and CPPO generates chemical energy that activates Ce6, creating both chemiluminescence for imaging and singlet oxygen ( O ) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, O -induced membrane rupture leads to the release of Dox-EMCH, which is then activated and penetrates the deep hypoxic areas of tumors. The synergism of immunotherapy, PDT, and chemotherapy results in potent anticancer efficacy, showing great promise to fight cancers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great potential in both disease treatment and drug delivery. However, accurate drug release from EVs, as well as the spontaneous treatment effect cooperation of EVs and drugs at target tissues, is still challenging. Here, an engineered self‐activatable photo‐EV for synergistic trimodal anticancer therapy is reported. M1 macrophage‐derived EVs (M1 EVs) are simultaneously loaded with bis[2,4,5‐trichloro‐6‐(pentyloxycarbonyl) phenyl] oxalate (CPPO), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and prodrug aldoxorubicin (Dox‐EMCH). After administration, the as‐prepared system actively targets tumor cells because of the tumor‐homing capability of M1 EVs, wherein M1 EVs repolarize M2 to M1 macrophages, which not only display immunotherapy effects but also produce H 2 O 2 . The reaction between H 2 O 2 and CPPO generates chemical energy that activates Ce6, creating both chemiluminescence for imaging and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, 1 O 2 ‐induced membrane rupture leads to the release of Dox‐EMCH, which is then activated and penetrates the deep hypoxic areas of tumors. The synergism of immunotherapy, PDT, and chemotherapy results in potent anticancer efficacy, showing great promise to fight cancers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great potential in both disease treatment and drug delivery. However, accurate drug release from EVs, as well as the spontaneous treatment effect cooperation of EVs and drugs at target tissues, is still challenging. Here, an engineered self-activatable photo-EV for synergistic trimodal anticancer therapy is reported. M1 macrophage-derived EVs (M1 EVs) are simultaneously loaded with bis[2,4,5-trichloro-6-(pentyloxycarbonyl) phenyl] oxalate (CPPO), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and prodrug aldoxorubicin (Dox-EMCH). After administration, the as-prepared system actively targets tumor cells because of the tumor-homing capability of M1 EVs, wherein M1 EVs repolarize M2 to M1 macrophages, which not only display immunotherapy effects but also produce H2 O2 . The reaction between H2 O2 and CPPO generates chemical energy that activates Ce6, creating both chemiluminescence for imaging and singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, 1 O2 -induced membrane rupture leads to the release of Dox-EMCH, which is then activated and penetrates the deep hypoxic areas of tumors. The synergism of immunotherapy, PDT, and chemotherapy results in potent anticancer efficacy, showing great promise to fight cancers.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great potential in both disease treatment and drug delivery. However, accurate drug release from EVs, as well as the spontaneous treatment effect cooperation of EVs and drugs at target tissues, is still challenging. Here, an engineered self-activatable photo-EV for synergistic trimodal anticancer therapy is reported. M1 macrophage-derived EVs (M1 EVs) are simultaneously loaded with bis[2,4,5-trichloro-6-(pentyloxycarbonyl) phenyl] oxalate (CPPO), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and prodrug aldoxorubicin (Dox-EMCH). After administration, the as-prepared system actively targets tumor cells because of the tumor-homing capability of M1 EVs, wherein M1 EVs repolarize M2 to M1 macrophages, which not only display immunotherapy effects but also produce H2 O2 . The reaction between H2 O2 and CPPO generates chemical energy that activates Ce6, creating both chemiluminescence for imaging and singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, 1 O2 -induced membrane rupture leads to the release of Dox-EMCH, which is then activated and penetrates the deep hypoxic areas of tumors. The synergism of immunotherapy, PDT, and chemotherapy results in potent anticancer efficacy, showing great promise to fight cancers.
Author	Fan, Wenlin Lu, Guihong Zhang, Yahui Ding, Jingjing Huang, Li‐Li Xie, Hai‐Yan Nie, Weidong Wu, Guanghao Liu, Houli
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jingjing surname: Ding fullname: Ding, Jingjing organization: Beijing Institute of Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Guihong surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Guihong organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Weidong surname: Nie fullname: Nie, Weidong organization: Beijing Institute of Technology – sequence: 4 givenname: Li‐Li surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Li‐Li organization: Beijing Institute of Technology – sequence: 5 givenname: Yahui surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yahui organization: Beijing Institute of Technology – sequence: 6 givenname: Wenlin surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Wenlin organization: Beijing Institute of Technology – sequence: 7 givenname: Guanghao surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Guanghao organization: Beijing Institute of Technology – sequence: 8 givenname: Houli surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Houli organization: Beijing Institute of Technology – sequence: 9 givenname: Hai‐Yan orcidid: 0000-0002-6330-7929 surname: Xie fullname: Xie, Hai‐Yan email: hyanxie@bit.edu.cn organization: Beijing Institute of Technology
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33432702$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great potential in both disease treatment and drug delivery. However, accurate drug release from EVs, as well as the...
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SubjectTerms	Anticancer properties Cancer Chemical energy Chemiluminescence chemotherapy extracellular vesicle Hydrogen peroxide Immunotherapy Macrophages Materials science Photodynamic therapy Singlet oxygen tumor microenvironment Tumors
Title	Self‐Activatable Photo‐Extracellular Vesicle for Synergistic Trimodal Anticancer Therapy
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