Sex differences in early-life programming of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in humans suggest increased vulnerability in females: a systematic review

Fetal glucocorticoid overexposure is a key mechanism linking early development with later-life disease. In humans, low birth weight associates with increased fasting cortisol, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, and with cardiovascular risk and cognitive decline. As there are sex d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of developmental origins of health and disease Vol. 8; no. 2; pp. 244 - 255
Main Authors:	Carpenter, T., Grecian, S. M., Reynolds, R. M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Cambridge University Press 01.04.2017
Subjects:	Age Asthma Birth weight Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology Disease DNA methylation Female Females Gender differences Hormones Humans Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiology Male Males Medical Subject Headings-MeSH Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiology Placenta Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Questionnaires Stress, Physiological Studies Systematic review Young adults United Kingdom > UK Australia United States > US Philippines human HPA axis sex differences
ISSN:	2040-1744, 2040-1752, 2040-1752
Online Access:	Get full text
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