Geospatial assessment of oil spill pollution in the Niger Delta of Nigeria: An evidence-based evaluation of causes and potential remedies
Based on the archival data on oil facilities, oil spill incidents, and environmental conditions, we researched the plausible causes of oil spill disasters in the Niger Delta of Nigeria between 2006 and 2019. The data were analyzed for geospatial and statistical patterns, using ArcGIS and R programmi...
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| Vydáno v: | Environmental pollution (1987) Ročník 267; s. 115545 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.12.2020
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| ISSN: | 0269-7491, 1873-6424, 1873-6424 |
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| Abstract | Based on the archival data on oil facilities, oil spill incidents, and environmental conditions, we researched the plausible causes of oil spill disasters in the Niger Delta of Nigeria between 2006 and 2019. The data were analyzed for geospatial and statistical patterns, using ArcGIS and R programming platforms, respectively. A fuzzy logic algorithm was employed to generate three oil spill disaster models (hazard, vulnerability, and risk). Ordinary Least Square algorithm was adopted to model the relationships between oil spill and two sets of predictor variables: oil facilities (oil well, flow station, and pipeline) and disaster models. We found that, during the 23 years, the Niger Delta experienced 7940 oil spill incidents, of which 67% occurred onshore. A total of 4,950, 501, 855 episodes were attributed to sabotage, corrosion, and equipment failure, with 87%, 62%, and 45% occurring onshore, respectively. Besides, 81% of the 5320 onshore oil spill cases were attributed to sabotage, while corrosion and equipment failure accounted for mere 6% and 7% of the incidents, respectively. The estimated average risk index (R = 0.20) shows that the risk of an oil spill disaster in the Niger Delta is low. Whereas, 5% of the region is characterized by a high risk of oil spill disaster. Furthermore, the regression model infers that the oil spillages exhibit a positive relationship with disaster models and oil facilities at α = 0.10. However, only 16% of the incidents were explained by disaster models, while the oil facilities account for 23% of the total cases, indicating the influence of other factors. To avert further socio-environmental damage in the Niger-Delta, oil theft and sabotage should be curbed, polluted areas are remediated, and an all-inclusive socio-economic development is prioritized.
[Display omitted]
•Background information on the oil spill incidents in the Niger Delta is provided.•The hazard, vulnerability, and risk of oil spill cases are interrelated.•Most sabotage and equipment failure-based oil spill cases occurred onshore.•Most contaminated lands and swamps were in Rivers and Bayelsa States, respectively.•A +0.52 correlation exists between oil spill incidents and oil facilities. |
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| AbstractList | Based on the archival data on oil facilities, oil spill incidents, and environmental conditions, we researched the plausible causes of oil spill disasters in the Niger Delta of Nigeria between 2006 and 2019. The data were analyzed for geospatial and statistical patterns, using ArcGIS and R programming platforms, respectively. A fuzzy logic algorithm was employed to generate three oil spill disaster models (hazard, vulnerability, and risk). Ordinary Least Square algorithm was adopted to model the relationships between oil spill and two sets of predictor variables: oil facilities (oil well, flow station, and pipeline) and disaster models. We found that, during the 23 years, the Niger Delta experienced 7940 oil spill incidents, of which 67% occurred onshore. A total of 4,950, 501, 855 episodes were attributed to sabotage, corrosion, and equipment failure, with 87%, 62%, and 45% occurring onshore, respectively. Besides, 81% of the 5320 onshore oil spill cases were attributed to sabotage, while corrosion and equipment failure accounted for mere 6% and 7% of the incidents, respectively. The estimated average risk index (R = 0.20) shows that the risk of an oil spill disaster in the Niger Delta is low. Whereas, 5% of the region is characterized by a high risk of oil spill disaster. Furthermore, the regression model infers that the oil spillages exhibit a positive relationship with disaster models and oil facilities at α = 0.10. However, only 16% of the incidents were explained by disaster models, while the oil facilities account for 23% of the total cases, indicating the influence of other factors. To avert further socio-environmental damage in the Niger-Delta, oil theft and sabotage should be curbed, polluted areas are remediated, and an all-inclusive socio-economic development is prioritized. Based on the archival data on oil facilities, oil spill incidents, and environmental conditions, we researched the plausible causes of oil spill disasters in the Niger Delta of Nigeria between 2006 and 2019. The data were analyzed for geospatial and statistical patterns, using ArcGIS and R programming platforms, respectively. A fuzzy logic algorithm was employed to generate three oil spill disaster models (hazard, vulnerability, and risk). Ordinary Least Square algorithm was adopted to model the relationships between oil spill and two sets of predictor variables: oil facilities (oil well, flow station, and pipeline) and disaster models. We found that, during the 23 years, the Niger Delta experienced 7940 oil spill incidents, of which 67% occurred onshore. A total of 4,950, 501, 855 episodes were attributed to sabotage, corrosion, and equipment failure, with 87%, 62%, and 45% occurring onshore, respectively. Besides, 81% of the 5320 onshore oil spill cases were attributed to sabotage, while corrosion and equipment failure accounted for mere 6% and 7% of the incidents, respectively. The estimated average risk index (R = 0.20) shows that the risk of an oil spill disaster in the Niger Delta is low. Whereas, 5% of the region is characterized by a high risk of oil spill disaster. Furthermore, the regression model infers that the oil spillages exhibit a positive relationship with disaster models and oil facilities at α = 0.10. However, only 16% of the incidents were explained by disaster models, while the oil facilities account for 23% of the total cases, indicating the influence of other factors. To avert further socio-environmental damage in the Niger-Delta, oil theft and sabotage should be curbed, polluted areas are remediated, and an all-inclusive socio-economic development is prioritized. [Display omitted] •Background information on the oil spill incidents in the Niger Delta is provided.•The hazard, vulnerability, and risk of oil spill cases are interrelated.•Most sabotage and equipment failure-based oil spill cases occurred onshore.•Most contaminated lands and swamps were in Rivers and Bayelsa States, respectively.•A +0.52 correlation exists between oil spill incidents and oil facilities. Based on the archival data on oil facilities, oil spill incidents, and environmental conditions, we researched the plausible causes of oil spill disasters in the Niger Delta of Nigeria between 2006 and 2019. The data were analyzed for geospatial and statistical patterns, using ArcGIS and R programming platforms, respectively. A fuzzy logic algorithm was employed to generate three oil spill disaster models (hazard, vulnerability, and risk). Ordinary Least Square algorithm was adopted to model the relationships between oil spill and two sets of predictor variables: oil facilities (oil well, flow station, and pipeline) and disaster models. We found that, during the 23 years, the Niger Delta experienced 7940 oil spill incidents, of which 67% occurred onshore. A total of 4,950, 501, 855 episodes were attributed to sabotage, corrosion, and equipment failure, with 87%, 62%, and 45% occurring onshore, respectively. Besides, 81% of the 5320 onshore oil spill cases were attributed to sabotage, while corrosion and equipment failure accounted for mere 6% and 7% of the incidents, respectively. The estimated average risk index (R = 0.20) shows that the risk of an oil spill disaster in the Niger Delta is low. Whereas, 5% of the region is characterized by a high risk of oil spill disaster. Furthermore, the regression model infers that the oil spillages exhibit a positive relationship with disaster models and oil facilities at α = 0.10. However, only 16% of the incidents were explained by disaster models, while the oil facilities account for 23% of the total cases, indicating the influence of other factors. To avert further socio-environmental damage in the Niger-Delta, oil theft and sabotage should be curbed, polluted areas are remediated, and an all-inclusive socio-economic development is prioritized.Based on the archival data on oil facilities, oil spill incidents, and environmental conditions, we researched the plausible causes of oil spill disasters in the Niger Delta of Nigeria between 2006 and 2019. The data were analyzed for geospatial and statistical patterns, using ArcGIS and R programming platforms, respectively. A fuzzy logic algorithm was employed to generate three oil spill disaster models (hazard, vulnerability, and risk). Ordinary Least Square algorithm was adopted to model the relationships between oil spill and two sets of predictor variables: oil facilities (oil well, flow station, and pipeline) and disaster models. We found that, during the 23 years, the Niger Delta experienced 7940 oil spill incidents, of which 67% occurred onshore. A total of 4,950, 501, 855 episodes were attributed to sabotage, corrosion, and equipment failure, with 87%, 62%, and 45% occurring onshore, respectively. Besides, 81% of the 5320 onshore oil spill cases were attributed to sabotage, while corrosion and equipment failure accounted for mere 6% and 7% of the incidents, respectively. The estimated average risk index (R = 0.20) shows that the risk of an oil spill disaster in the Niger Delta is low. Whereas, 5% of the region is characterized by a high risk of oil spill disaster. Furthermore, the regression model infers that the oil spillages exhibit a positive relationship with disaster models and oil facilities at α = 0.10. However, only 16% of the incidents were explained by disaster models, while the oil facilities account for 23% of the total cases, indicating the influence of other factors. To avert further socio-environmental damage in the Niger-Delta, oil theft and sabotage should be curbed, polluted areas are remediated, and an all-inclusive socio-economic development is prioritized. |
| ArticleNumber | 115545 |
| Author | Akinwumiju, Akinola S. Ogundeji, Seyi E. Adelodun, Adedeji A. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Akinola S. surname: Akinwumiju fullname: Akinwumiju, Akinola S. organization: Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria – sequence: 2 givenname: Adedeji A. orcidid: 0000-0002-8344-4154 surname: Adelodun fullname: Adelodun, Adedeji A. email: adedeji.adelodun@tdtu.edu.vn organization: Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam – sequence: 3 givenname: Seyi E. surname: Ogundeji fullname: Ogundeji, Seyi E. organization: Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.126 10.1071/MF15066 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.096 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.014 10.1080/15567249.2015.1004382 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.057 10.1016/j.envint.2008.08.012 10.1093/cdj/bst021 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.483 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103574 10.3390/ijerph110808491 10.1260/014459802321615108 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.129 10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.136 10.2174/1874123101913010001 10.1002/cbdv.200900203 10.1186/s12940-016-0140-1 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.051 10.3844/ajessp.2016.248.259 10.4314/njt.v37i4.22 10.1080/23311916.2019.1659123 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.09.012 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.11.014 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.266 10.3390/w7052013 10.1016/j.exis.2019.01.006 10.1080/20414005.2018.1562287 10.1007/s10661-010-1669-z |
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| SubjectTerms | algorithms corrosion fuzzy logic geospatial data processing Niger Delta Nigeria oil fields Oil spillage oil spills oils pollution Potential hazard regression analysis risk Risk assessment river deltas socioeconomic development Vulnerability |
| Title | Geospatial assessment of oil spill pollution in the Niger Delta of Nigeria: An evidence-based evaluation of causes and potential remedies |
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