A Randomized in situ Clinical Study of Fluoride Dentifrices on Enamel Remineralization and Resistance to Demineralization: Effects of Zinc

This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc ions and F concentration in a dentifrice on remineralization of early caries lesions in situ and on resistance to subsequent demineralization. This was a single-center, 6-period, 6-product, blinded (examiner, subject, analyst), randomized (n = 62), cr...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Caries research Vol. 52; no. 1-2; p. 129
Main Authors: Creeth, Jonathan E, Karwal, Ritu, Hara, Anderson T, Zero, Domenick T
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland 01.01.2018
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Cross-Over Studies
Dentifrices - therapeutic use
Female
Fluorides - therapeutic use
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Single-Blind Method
Tooth Demineralization - prevention & control
Tooth Remineralization - methods
Young Adult
Zinc - therapeutic use
Topical fluorides
Toothpastes
Enamel caries
Tooth brushing
ISSN:1421-976X, 1421-976X
Online Access:Get more information
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc ions and F concentration in a dentifrice on remineralization of early caries lesions in situ and on resistance to subsequent demineralization. This was a single-center, 6-period, 6-product, blinded (examiner, subject, analyst), randomized (n = 62), crossover study. Products (all NaF) were: 0, 250, 1,150 and 1,426 ppm F (dose-response controls), "Zn-A" (0.3% ZnCl2, 1,426 ppm F), and "Zn-B" (as Zn-A, with high-foaming surfactants) in a conventional silica base. Subjects wore palatal appliances holding partially demineralized bovine enamel specimens. They brushed their teeth with 1.5 g test dentifrice (25 s), then swished the slurry ensuring even exposure of specimens (95 s), expectorated, and rinsed (15 mL water, 10 s). After 4 h intraoral remineralization, specimens were removed and acid-challenged in vitro. Surface microhardness (SMH), measured pre-experimental, post-initial acid exposure, post-remineralization, and post-second acid exposure, was used to calculate recovery (SMHR), net acid resistance (NAR), and a new, specifically demineralization-focused calculation, "comparative acid resistance" (CAR). Enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) was also measured. For the F dose-response controls, all measures showed significant relationships with dentifrice F concentration (p < 0.0001). The presence of zinc counteracted the ability of F to promote remineralization in this model. Compared to the 1,426 ppm F control, the zinc formulations gave reduced SMHR, EFU, and NAR (all p < 0.0001); however, they showed evidence of increased CAR (Zn-A: p = 0.0040; Zn-B: p = 0.0846). Products were generally well tolerated. In this study, increasing dentifrice F concentration progressively increased in situ remineralization and demineralization resistance of early caries enamel lesions. Zinc ions reduced remineralization but could increase demineralization resistance.
AbstractList This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc ions and F concentration in a dentifrice on remineralization of early caries lesions in situ and on resistance to subsequent demineralization. This was a single-center, 6-period, 6-product, blinded (examiner, subject, analyst), randomized (n = 62), crossover study. Products (all NaF) were: 0, 250, 1,150 and 1,426 ppm F (dose-response controls), "Zn-A" (0.3% ZnCl2, 1,426 ppm F), and "Zn-B" (as Zn-A, with high-foaming surfactants) in a conventional silica base. Subjects wore palatal appliances holding partially demineralized bovine enamel specimens. They brushed their teeth with 1.5 g test dentifrice (25 s), then swished the slurry ensuring even exposure of specimens (95 s), expectorated, and rinsed (15 mL water, 10 s). After 4 h intraoral remineralization, specimens were removed and acid-challenged in vitro. Surface microhardness (SMH), measured pre-experimental, post-initial acid exposure, post-remineralization, and post-second acid exposure, was used to calculate recovery (SMHR), net acid resistance (NAR), and a new, specifically demineralization-focused calculation, "comparative acid resistance" (CAR). Enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) was also measured. For the F dose-response controls, all measures showed significant relationships with dentifrice F concentration (p < 0.0001). The presence of zinc counteracted the ability of F to promote remineralization in this model. Compared to the 1,426 ppm F control, the zinc formulations gave reduced SMHR, EFU, and NAR (all p < 0.0001); however, they showed evidence of increased CAR (Zn-A: p = 0.0040; Zn-B: p = 0.0846). Products were generally well tolerated. In this study, increasing dentifrice F concentration progressively increased in situ remineralization and demineralization resistance of early caries enamel lesions. Zinc ions reduced remineralization but could increase demineralization resistance.This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc ions and F concentration in a dentifrice on remineralization of early caries lesions in situ and on resistance to subsequent demineralization. This was a single-center, 6-period, 6-product, blinded (examiner, subject, analyst), randomized (n = 62), crossover study. Products (all NaF) were: 0, 250, 1,150 and 1,426 ppm F (dose-response controls), "Zn-A" (0.3% ZnCl2, 1,426 ppm F), and "Zn-B" (as Zn-A, with high-foaming surfactants) in a conventional silica base. Subjects wore palatal appliances holding partially demineralized bovine enamel specimens. They brushed their teeth with 1.5 g test dentifrice (25 s), then swished the slurry ensuring even exposure of specimens (95 s), expectorated, and rinsed (15 mL water, 10 s). After 4 h intraoral remineralization, specimens were removed and acid-challenged in vitro. Surface microhardness (SMH), measured pre-experimental, post-initial acid exposure, post-remineralization, and post-second acid exposure, was used to calculate recovery (SMHR), net acid resistance (NAR), and a new, specifically demineralization-focused calculation, "comparative acid resistance" (CAR). Enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) was also measured. For the F dose-response controls, all measures showed significant relationships with dentifrice F concentration (p < 0.0001). The presence of zinc counteracted the ability of F to promote remineralization in this model. Compared to the 1,426 ppm F control, the zinc formulations gave reduced SMHR, EFU, and NAR (all p < 0.0001); however, they showed evidence of increased CAR (Zn-A: p = 0.0040; Zn-B: p = 0.0846). Products were generally well tolerated. In this study, increasing dentifrice F concentration progressively increased in situ remineralization and demineralization resistance of early caries enamel lesions. Zinc ions reduced remineralization but could increase demineralization resistance.
This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc ions and F concentration in a dentifrice on remineralization of early caries lesions in situ and on resistance to subsequent demineralization. This was a single-center, 6-period, 6-product, blinded (examiner, subject, analyst), randomized (n = 62), crossover study. Products (all NaF) were: 0, 250, 1,150 and 1,426 ppm F (dose-response controls), "Zn-A" (0.3% ZnCl2, 1,426 ppm F), and "Zn-B" (as Zn-A, with high-foaming surfactants) in a conventional silica base. Subjects wore palatal appliances holding partially demineralized bovine enamel specimens. They brushed their teeth with 1.5 g test dentifrice (25 s), then swished the slurry ensuring even exposure of specimens (95 s), expectorated, and rinsed (15 mL water, 10 s). After 4 h intraoral remineralization, specimens were removed and acid-challenged in vitro. Surface microhardness (SMH), measured pre-experimental, post-initial acid exposure, post-remineralization, and post-second acid exposure, was used to calculate recovery (SMHR), net acid resistance (NAR), and a new, specifically demineralization-focused calculation, "comparative acid resistance" (CAR). Enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) was also measured. For the F dose-response controls, all measures showed significant relationships with dentifrice F concentration (p < 0.0001). The presence of zinc counteracted the ability of F to promote remineralization in this model. Compared to the 1,426 ppm F control, the zinc formulations gave reduced SMHR, EFU, and NAR (all p < 0.0001); however, they showed evidence of increased CAR (Zn-A: p = 0.0040; Zn-B: p = 0.0846). Products were generally well tolerated. In this study, increasing dentifrice F concentration progressively increased in situ remineralization and demineralization resistance of early caries enamel lesions. Zinc ions reduced remineralization but could increase demineralization resistance.
Author Creeth, Jonathan E
Karwal, Ritu
Zero, Domenick T
Hara, Anderson T
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Jonathan E
  surname: Creeth
  fullname: Creeth, Jonathan E
  organization: GSK Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge, UK
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Ritu
  surname: Karwal
  fullname: Karwal, Ritu
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Anderson T
  surname: Hara
  fullname: Hara, Anderson T
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Domenick T
  surname: Zero
  fullname: Zero, Domenick T
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29301123$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpVkM1KAzEUhYNU7I8ufAHJ0s1ofmcm7kptVSgItQtxU9LkDkQymTrJLNpH8KkdsYKuzuXw3W9xxmgQmgAIXVJyQ6lUt4QQUaiS8RM0ooLRTBX56-DPPUTjGN8JoSLPyzM0ZIoTShkfoc8pXulgm9odwGIXcHSpwzPvgjPa45fU2T1uKrzwXdM6C_geQnJV6wxE3AQ8D7oGj1dQuwCt9u6gk-v73tmX0cWkgwGcmv7xP3KH51UFJsVv_ZsL5hydVtpHuDjmBK0X8_XsMVs-PzzNpsvM8IKlzBY50UQAr6RmJdPKbImhROVmy4SWpTCqoJYRbkEQKYtKCmOI4JLnwErOJuj6R7trm48OYtrULhrwXgdourihqlRS5KqQPXp1RLttDXaza12t2_3mdz72BeW3czA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1186_s12903_022_02429_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jdent_2018_03_013
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jdent_2024_104884
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12903_020_01081_y
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijadhadh_2025_104065
crossref_primary_10_4236_health_2020_129083
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00784_024_06107_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ortho_2024_100901
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_10654_6
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.1159/000479823
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic
MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod no_fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Dentistry
EISSN 1421-976X
ExternalDocumentID 29301123
Genre Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
0R~
0~5
0~B
29B
30W
329
34H
3O.
3V.
4.4
53G
5GY
5RE
6J9
6P2
6PF
7RV
7X7
88E
8AO
8FI
8FJ
8FW
8UI
AALGM
AAWTL
AAYIC
ABBTS
ABDBF
ABJNI
ABPAZ
ABUWG
ABWCG
ACCCW
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACPRK
ACPSR
ACQXL
ACUHS
ADAGL
ADBBV
ADFRT
AENEX
AEYAO
AFFNX
AFJJK
AFKRA
AFRAH
AFSIO
AHFRZ
AHMBA
ALDHI
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AZPMC
BENPR
BKEYQ
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C45
CAG
CCPQU
CGR
COF
CS3
CUY
CVF
CYUIP
DU5
E0A
EBS
ECM
EIF
EJD
EX3
F5P
FB.
FYUFA
GK1
HMCUK
HZ~
IAO
IHR
ITC
IY7
KUZGX
M1P
N9A
NAPCQ
NPM
O1H
O9-
OVD
P2P
PCD
PKN
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RIG
RKO
RXVBD
S0X
TEORI
UJ6
UKHRP
WH7
WOW
ZGI
7X8
IVC
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-d760a04e3f5a282a9cb0c1096cb24a584c971d203de40557f54cc043536e2832
IEDL.DBID 7X8
ISICitedReferencesCount 13
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000426035300016&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1421-976X
IngestDate Thu Oct 02 05:19:33 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:36:19 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1-2
Keywords Topical fluorides
Toothpastes
Enamel caries
Tooth brushing
Language English
License 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c372t-d760a04e3f5a282a9cb0c1096cb24a584c971d203de40557f54cc043536e2832
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ObjectType-Undefined-3
PMID 29301123
PQID 1989546975
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_1989546975
pubmed_primary_29301123
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2018-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2018-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2018
  text: 2018-01-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
PublicationTitle Caries research
PublicationTitleAlternate Caries Res
PublicationYear 2018
SSID ssj0014668
Score 2.262609
Snippet This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc ions and F concentration in a dentifrice on remineralization of early caries lesions in situ and on resistance...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 129
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Cross-Over Studies
Dentifrices - therapeutic use
Female
Fluorides - therapeutic use
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Single-Blind Method
Tooth Demineralization - prevention & control
Tooth Remineralization - methods
Young Adult
Zinc - therapeutic use
Title A Randomized in situ Clinical Study of Fluoride Dentifrices on Enamel Remineralization and Resistance to Demineralization: Effects of Zinc
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29301123
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1989546975
Volume 52
WOSCitedRecordID wos000426035300016&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LS8NAEF7UCnrx_agvVvAazGOTTbxI0RYPWkopEryUzT6g0G6qaQX9Cf5qZ5KU4kEQvOQQskPYnZ395rHzEXIVxtpTLDKOr5l0wEpKJxNe5PDExFyHzDdlov35kXe7cZomvTrgVtRllQubWBpqlUuMkV9jbU8IvhwPb6evDrJGYXa1ptBYJY0AoAxqNU-XWQQWVVfhGJYh8CitOwvBCY4XGBhPYmQp-g1ZlidMZ_u__7ZDtmpsSVuVMuySFW33yMY91gMhpds--WrRvrAqn4w-taIjS0HAnNatQccUawo_aG5oZzwH8UrTciwyCemC5pa2rZjoMe1jQxKMZdV3OCnIhJcFQlHQITrLYeDPT25o1Sa5QPEvIysPyKDTHtw9ODUZgyMD7s8cxSNXuEwHJhTgpolEZq70wAGSmc8EwBiZcE_5bqA0w75eJmRSugDGgkgjHdIhWbO51ceEAsZSAOm1yMCX8TweZwa0IgylAWjpmaBJLhezPARdxwSGsDqfF8PlPDfJUbVUw2nVlGMIsAVMlR-c_GH0KdkE3BNXkZQz0jCw0_U5WZfvsB5vF6USwbPbe_oG7bvSrA
linkProvider ProQuest
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Randomized+in+situ+Clinical+Study+of+Fluoride+Dentifrices+on+Enamel+Remineralization+and+Resistance+to+Demineralization%3A+Effects+of+Zinc&rft.jtitle=Caries+research&rft.au=Creeth%2C+Jonathan+E&rft.au=Karwal%2C+Ritu&rft.au=Hara%2C+Anderson+T&rft.au=Zero%2C+Domenick+T&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft.issn=1421-976X&rft.eissn=1421-976X&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=129&rft_id=info:doi/10.1159%2F000479823&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1421-976X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1421-976X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1421-976X&client=summon