Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Review Emphasizing Principles, Concepts, and Practices

Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR) is considered worldwide as a powerful approach to recover ecological functionality and to improve human well-being in degraded and deforested landscapes. The literature produced by FLR programs could be a valuable tool to understand how they align with the exis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Land (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 28
Main Authors: César, Ricardo Gomes, Belei, Loren, Badari, Carolina Giudice, Viani, Ricardo A. G., Gutierrez, Victoria, Chazdon, Robin L., Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Morsello, Carla
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 01.01.2021
Subjects:
adaptive management
biodiversity conservation
compliance
deforestation
ecosystem services
ecosystems
forest restoration
forests
governance
human dimension of restoration
humans
land
landscape ecology
landscape restoration
landscapes
literature review
prioritization
project management
social welfare
ISSN:2073-445X, 2073-445X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR) is considered worldwide as a powerful approach to recover ecological functionality and to improve human well-being in degraded and deforested landscapes. The literature produced by FLR programs could be a valuable tool to understand how they align with the existing principles of FLR. We conducted a systematic qualitative review to identify the main FLR concepts and definitions adopted in the literature from 1980 to 2017 and the underlying actions commonly suggested to enable FLR implementation. We identified three domains and 12 main associated principles—(i) Project management and governance domain contains five principles: (a) Landscape scale, (b) Prioritization, (c) Legal and normative compliance, (d) Participation, (e) Adaptive management; (ii) Human aspect domain with four principles: (a) Enhance livelihoods, (b) Inclusiveness and equity, (c) Economic diversification, (d) Capacity building; (iii) Ecological Aspects domain with three principles: (a) Biodiversity conservation, (b) Landscape heterogeneity and connectivity, (c) Provision of ecosystem goods and services. Our results showcase variations in FLR principles and how they are linked with practice, especially regarding the lack of social aspects in FLR projects. Finally, we provide a starting point for future tools aiming to improve guidance frameworks for FLR.
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ISSN:2073-445X
2073-445X
DOI:10.3390/land10010028