Robust and flexible Internet connectivity for mobile ad hoc networks

An important challenge for the wider adoption of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) technologies is finding ways to efficiently interconnect them with the Internet. However, such interconnections prove difficult due to differences in mobility, addressing and routing between MANETs and existing IP network...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Ad hoc networks Jg. 9; H. 1; S. 1 - 15
Hauptverfasser:	Nordström, Erik, Gunningberg, Per, Tschudin, Christian
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Elsevier B.V 2011
Schlagworte:	ad hoc networks AODV Computer networks Computer Science with specialization in Computer Communication Datavetenskap med inriktning mot datorkommunikation Flexibility Gateway gateways Information technology Informationsteknik Interconnections Internet Internet connectivity IP (Internet Protocol) MANET routing Mobile IP mobility Multi-homing Networks Robustness routing Routing (telecommunications) TECHNOLOGY TEKNIKVETENSKAP MANET routing Mobile IP Multi-homing Gateway AODV Internet connectivity
ISSN:	1570-8705, 1570-8713, 1570-8713
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Abstract	An important challenge for the wider adoption of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) technologies is finding ways to efficiently interconnect them with the Internet. However, such interconnections prove difficult due to differences in mobility, addressing and routing between MANETs and existing IP networks. In this paper, we review the existing solutions to interconnect MANETs with the Internet, but find them lacking in robustness and flexibility. For instance, many solutions do not consider the presence of multiple gateways, and in such scenarios they either fail, or are less efficient due to the lack of multi-homing capabilities. A key insight of ours is that the reason for routing failure is usually an interconnection scheme’s inability to express indirection (i.e., a way to enforce routing through a certain gateway on the path toward a destination in the Internet). Another problem concerns state replication where a route update fails to replicate all the routing state needed to forward packets to an Internet gateway. We analyze the above problems and suggest a solution that provides robust and flexible Internet connectivity. With minor adaptions our solution works for any MANET routing protocol, and has support for multiple gateways and multi-homing. Simulations show that, when used in combination with AODV routing, our solution provides up to 20% delivery ratio improvement over one of the main alternatives. A prototype implementation illustrates the feasibility of our solution in the real world.
AbstractList	An important challenge for the wider adoption of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) technologies is finding ways to efficiently interconnect them with the Internet. However, such interconnections prove difficult due to differences in mobility, addressing and routing between MANETs and existing IP networks. In this paper, we review the existing solutions to interconnect MANETs with the Internet, but find them lacking in robustness and flexibility. For instance, many solutions do not consider the presence of multiple gateways, and in such scenarios they either fail, or are less efficient due to the lack of multi-homing capabilities. A key insight of ours is that the reason for routing failure is usually an interconnection scheme's inability to express indirection (i.e., a way to enforce routing through a certain gateway on the path toward a destination in the Internet). Another problem concerns state replication where a route update fails to replicate all the routing state needed to forward packets to an Internet gateway. We analyze the above problems and suggest a solution that provides robust and flexible Internet connectivity. With minor adaptions our solution works for any MANET routing protocol, and has support for multiple gateways and multi-homing. Simulations show that, when used in combination with AODV routing, our solution provides up to 20% delivery ratio improvement over one of the main alternatives. A prototype implementation illustrates the feasibility of our solution in the real world. An important challenge for the wider adoption of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) technologies is finding ways to efficiently interconnect them with the Internet. However, such interconnections prove difficult due to differences in mobility, addressing and routing between MANETs and existing IP networks. In this paper, we review the existing solutions to interconnect MANETs with the Internet, but find them lacking in robustness and flexibility. For instance, many solutions do not consider the presence of multiple gateways, and in such scenarios they either fail, or are less efficient due to the lack of multi-homing capabilities. A key insight of ours is that the reason for routing failure is usually an interconnection scheme’s inability to express indirection (i.e., a way to enforce routing through a certain gateway on the path toward a destination in the Internet). Another problem concerns state replication where a route update fails to replicate all the routing state needed to forward packets to an Internet gateway. We analyze the above problems and suggest a solution that provides robust and flexible Internet connectivity. With minor adaptions our solution works for any MANET routing protocol, and has support for multiple gateways and multi-homing. Simulations show that, when used in combination with AODV routing, our solution provides up to 20% delivery ratio improvement over one of the main alternatives. A prototype implementation illustrates the feasibility of our solution in the real world.
Author	Nordström, Erik Tschudin, Christian Gunningberg, Per
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References_xml	– reference: P. Engelstad, G. Egeland, NAT-based Internet connectivity for on-demand ad hoc networks, in: WONS 2004, 2004, pp. 344–358. – reference: U. Jönsson, F. Alriksson, T. Larsson, P. Johansson, G.Q. Maguire Jr., MIPMANET – Mobile IP for Mobile Ad hoc Networks, in: 1st ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc), 2000. – volume: 9 start-page: 75 year: 2002 end-page: 88 ident: bib15 article-title: Internet connectivity for ad hoc mobile networks publication-title: International Journal of Wireless Information Networks – reference: Dynamics Mobile IP. < – reference: P. Ratanchandani, R. Kravets, A hybrid approach to Internet connectivity for mobile ad hoc networks, in: IEEE WCNC, 2003. – reference: >. – reference: E. Belding-Royer, Y. Sun, C. Perkins, Global connectivity for IPv4 mobile ad hoc networks, November 2001, IETF Internet Draft, draft-royer-manet-globalv4-00.txt. – reference: C. Jelger, T. Noel, A. Frey, Gateway and address autoconfiguration for ipv6 adhoc networks, October 2003, IETF Internet Draft, draft-jelger-manet-gateway-autoconf-v6-01.txt. – reference: E. Nordström, P. Gunningberg, C. Tschudin, POSTER: comparison of forwarding strategies in Internet connected MANETs, in: MobiHoc, May 2004. – reference: D.B. Johnson, D.A. Maltz, Y. Hu, The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (DSR), February 2007, IETF RFC 4728. – reference: A. Hamidian, A study of Internet connectivity for mobile ad hoc networks in ns 2, Master’s thesis, Lund Institute of Technology, January 2003. – reference: J. Broch, D.A. Maltz, D.B. Johnson, Supporting hierarchy and heterogeneous interfaces in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks, in: Proceedings of the Workshop on Mobile Computing, IEEE, 1999. – reference: A. Nilsson, C.E. Perkins, A.J. Touminen, R. Wakikawa, J.T. Malinen, AODV and IPv6 Internet access for ad hoc networks, Mobile Computer and Communications Review 6 (3), 102–103. – reference: C. Åhlund, A. Zaslavsky, Software solutions to Internet connectivity in mobile ad hoc networks, in: 4th International Conference on Product Focused Software Process Improvement (PROFES), 2002. – reference: R. Wakikawa, J. Malinen, C. Perkins, A. Nilsson, A. Tuominen, Global connectivity for IPv6 mobile ad hoc networks, March 2006, IETF Internet Draft, draft-wakikawa-manet-globalv6-05.txt. – reference: P. Engelstad, A. Tønnesen, A. Hafslund, G. Egeland, Internet connectivity for multi-homed proactive ad hoc networks, in: The IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2004, June 2004. – start-page: 48 year: 2003 end-page: 55 ident: bib16 article-title: Integrating mobile IP with ad hoc networks publication-title: Computer – reference: The AODV-UU implementation. < – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib5 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib7 doi: 10.1109/ICC.2004.1313311 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib4 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib17 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib10 doi: 10.17487/rfc4728 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib1 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib2 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib8 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib9 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib3 doi: 10.1007/3-540-36209-6_46 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib11 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib12 doi: 10.1145/581291.581310 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib6 doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24614-5_25 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib14 – ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib13 doi: 10.1145/1052871.1052880 – start-page: 48 issue: 5 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib16 article-title: Integrating mobile IP with ad hoc networks publication-title: Computer doi: 10.1109/MC.2003.1198236 – volume: 9 start-page: 75 issue: 2 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.003_bib15 article-title: Internet connectivity for ad hoc mobile networks publication-title: International Journal of Wireless Information Networks doi: 10.1023/A:1015399632291
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SubjectTerms	ad hoc networks AODV Computer networks Computer Science with specialization in Computer Communication Datavetenskap med inriktning mot datorkommunikation Flexibility Gateway gateways Information technology Informationsteknik Interconnections Internet Internet connectivity IP (Internet Protocol) MANET routing Mobile IP mobility Multi-homing Networks Robustness routing Routing (telecommunications) TECHNOLOGY TEKNIKVETENSKAP
Title	Robust and flexible Internet connectivity for mobile ad hoc networks
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