Portable Apparatus for In Situ X-Ray Diffraction and Fluorescence Analyses of Artworks
A portable X-ray fluorescence/X-ray diffraction (XRF/XRD) system for artwork studies has been designed constructed and tested. It is based on Debye Scherrer XRD in reflection that takes advantage of many recent improvements in the handling of X-rays (polycapillary optics; advanced two-dimensional de...
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| Vydáno v: | Microscopy and microanalysis Ročník 17; číslo 5; s. 667 - 673 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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New York, USA
Cambridge University Press
01.10.2011
Oxford University Press |
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| ISSN: | 1431-9276, 1435-8115, 1435-8115 |
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| Abstract | A portable X-ray fluorescence/X-ray diffraction (XRF/XRD) system for artwork studies has been designed constructed and tested. It is based on Debye Scherrer XRD in reflection that takes advantage of many recent improvements in the handling of X-rays (polycapillary optics; advanced two-dimensional detection). The apparatus is based on a copper anode air cooled X-ray source, and the XRD analysis is performed on a 5–20 μm thick layer from the object surface. Energy dispersive XRF elemental analysis can be performed at the same point as XRD, giving elemental compositions that support the interpretation of XRD diagrams. XRF and XRD analyses were tested to explore the quality and the limits of the analytical technique. The XRD diagrams are comparable in quality with diagrams obtained with conventional laboratory equipment. The mineral identification of materials in artwork is routinely performed with the portable XRF-XRD system. Examples are given for ceramic glazes containing crystals and for paintings where the determination of pigments is still a challenge for nondestructive analysis. For instance, lead compounds that provide a variety of color pigments can be easily identified as well as a pigment such as lapis lazuli that is difficult to identify by XRF alone. More than 70 works of art have been studied in situ in museums, monuments, etc. In addition to ceramics and paintings, these works include bronzes, manuscripts, etc., which permit improvement in the comprehension of ancient artistic techniques. |
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| AbstractList | A portable X-ray fluorescence/X-ray diffraction (XRF/XRD) system for artwork studies has been designed constructed and tested. It is based on Debye Scherrer XRD in reflection that takes advantage of many recent improvements in the handling of X-rays (polycapillary optics; advanced two-dimensional detection). The apparatus is based on a copper anode air cooled X-ray source, and the XRD analysis is performed on a 5-20 μm thick layer from the object surface. Energy dispersive XRF elemental analysis can be performed at the same point as XRD, giving elemental compositions that support the interpretation of XRD diagrams. XRF and XRD analyses were tested to explore the quality and the limits of the analytical technique. The XRD diagrams are comparable in quality with diagrams obtained with conventional laboratory equipment. The mineral identification of materials in artwork is routinely performed with the portable XRF-XRD system. Examples are given for ceramic glazes containing crystals and for paintings where the determination of pigments is still a challenge for nondestructive analysis. For instance, lead compounds that provide a variety of color pigments can be easily identified as well as a pigment such as lapis lazuli that is difficult to identify by XRF alone. More than 70 works of art have been studied in situ in museums, monuments, etc. In addition to ceramics and paintings, these works include bronzes, manuscripts, etc., which permit improvement in the comprehension of ancient artistic techniques.A portable X-ray fluorescence/X-ray diffraction (XRF/XRD) system for artwork studies has been designed constructed and tested. It is based on Debye Scherrer XRD in reflection that takes advantage of many recent improvements in the handling of X-rays (polycapillary optics; advanced two-dimensional detection). The apparatus is based on a copper anode air cooled X-ray source, and the XRD analysis is performed on a 5-20 μm thick layer from the object surface. Energy dispersive XRF elemental analysis can be performed at the same point as XRD, giving elemental compositions that support the interpretation of XRD diagrams. XRF and XRD analyses were tested to explore the quality and the limits of the analytical technique. The XRD diagrams are comparable in quality with diagrams obtained with conventional laboratory equipment. The mineral identification of materials in artwork is routinely performed with the portable XRF-XRD system. Examples are given for ceramic glazes containing crystals and for paintings where the determination of pigments is still a challenge for nondestructive analysis. For instance, lead compounds that provide a variety of color pigments can be easily identified as well as a pigment such as lapis lazuli that is difficult to identify by XRF alone. More than 70 works of art have been studied in situ in museums, monuments, etc. In addition to ceramics and paintings, these works include bronzes, manuscripts, etc., which permit improvement in the comprehension of ancient artistic techniques. A portable X-ray fluorescence/X-ray diffraction (XRF/XRD) system for artwork studies has been designed constructed and tested. It is based on Debye Scherrer XRD in reflection that takes advantage of many recent improvements in the handling of X-rays (polycapillary optics; advanced two-dimensional detection). The apparatus is based on a copper anode air cooled X-ray source, and the XRD analysis is performed on a 5–20 μm thick layer from the object surface. Energy dispersive XRF elemental analysis can be performed at the same point as XRD, giving elemental compositions that support the interpretation of XRD diagrams. XRF and XRD analyses were tested to explore the quality and the limits of the analytical technique. The XRD diagrams are comparable in quality with diagrams obtained with conventional laboratory equipment. The mineral identification of materials in artwork is routinely performed with the portable XRF-XRD system. Examples are given for ceramic glazes containing crystals and for paintings where the determination of pigments is still a challenge for nondestructive analysis. For instance, lead compounds that provide a variety of color pigments can be easily identified as well as a pigment such as lapis lazuli that is difficult to identify by XRF alone. More than 70 works of art have been studied in situ in museums, monuments, etc. In addition to ceramics and paintings, these works include bronzes, manuscripts, etc., which permit improvement in the comprehension of ancient artistic techniques. Abstract A portable X-ray fluorescence/X-ray diffraction (XRF/XRD) system for artwork studies has been designed constructed and tested. It is based on Debye Scherrer XRD in reflection that takes advantage of many recent improvements in the handling of X-rays (polycapillary optics; advanced two-dimensional detection). The apparatus is based on a copper anode air cooled X-ray source, and the XRD analysis is performed on a 5-20 [mu]m thick layer from the object surface. Energy dispersive XRF elemental analysis can be performed at the same point as XRD, giving elemental compositions that support the interpretation of XRD diagrams. XRF and XRD analyses were tested to explore the quality and the limits of the analytical technique. The XRD diagrams are comparable in quality with diagrams obtained with conventional laboratory equipment. The mineral identification of materials in artwork is routinely performed with the portable XRF-XRD system. Examples are given for ceramic glazes containing crystals and for paintings where the determination of pigments is still a challenge for nondestructive analysis. For instance, lead compounds that provide a variety of color pigments can be easily identified as well as a pigment such as lapis lazuli that is difficult to identify by XRF alone. More than 70 works of art have been studied in situ in museums, monuments, etc. In addition to ceramics and paintings, these works include bronzes, manuscripts, etc., which permit improvement in the comprehension of ancient artistic techniques. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] A portable X-ray fluorescence/X-ray diffraction (XRF/XRD) system for artwork studies has been designed constructed and tested. It is based on Debye Scherrer XRD in reflection that takes advantage of many recent improvements in the handling of X-rays (polycapillary optics; advanced two-dimensional detection). The apparatus is based on a copper anode air cooled X-ray source, and the XRD analysis is performed on a 5–20 μm thick layer from the object surface. Energy dispersive XRF elemental analysis can be performed at the same point as XRD, giving elemental compositions that support the interpretation of XRD diagrams. XRF and XRD analyses were tested to explore the quality and the limits of the analytical technique. The XRD diagrams are comparable in quality with diagrams obtained with conventional laboratory equipment. The mineral identification of materials in artwork is routinely performed with the portable XRF-XRD system. Examples are given for ceramic glazes containing crystals and for paintings where the determination of pigments is still a challenge for nondestructive analysis. For instance, lead compounds that provide a variety of color pigments can be easily identified as well as a pigment such as lapis lazuli that is difficult to identify by XRF alone. More than 70 works of art have been studied in situ in museums, monuments, etc. In addition to ceramics and paintings, these works include bronzes, manuscripts, etc., which permit improvement in the comprehension of ancient artistic techniques. |
| Author | Moignard, Brice Castaing, Jacques Eveno, Myriam |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21615981$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1038/453159a 10.1002/xrs.920 10.1007/s00339-010-5641-0 10.1007/s00339-010-5625-0 10.1007/s00216-009-2992-5 10.1007/s00216-009-2974-7 10.1107/S0021889806042488 10.1039/9781847558640 10.1126/science.159.3818.973-a 10.1007/s00216-009-2997-0 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.06.214 10.1002/xrs.1025 |
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| References | Nunez Casares (S1431927611000201_ref016) 2009; 72 Eveno (S1431927611000201_ref010) 2009 S1431927611000201_ref009 S1431927611000201_ref008 S1431927611000201_ref019 Duran (S1431927611000201_ref006) 2008; 9 S1431927611000201_ref007 Gianoncelli (S1431927611000201_ref012) 2008 S1431927611000201_ref018 S1431927611000201_ref017 S1431927611000201_ref005 S1431927611000201_ref015 S1431927611000201_ref004 S1431927611000201_ref014 S1431927611000201_ref003 S1431927611000201_ref013 S1431927611000201_ref001 S1431927611000201_ref011 S1431927611000201_ref020 Chiari (S1431927611000201_ref002) 2008 |
| References_xml | – ident: S1431927611000201_ref001 doi: 10.1038/453159a – start-page: P451 volume-title: In Situ Monitoring of Monumental Surfaces year: 2008 ident: S1431927611000201_ref002 – start-page: 285 volume-title: Andrea Mantegna: La Pala di San Zeno Studio e Conservazione year: 2009 ident: S1431927611000201_ref010 – ident: S1431927611000201_ref011 doi: 10.1002/xrs.920 – ident: S1431927611000201_ref009 doi: 10.1007/s00339-010-5641-0 – ident: S1431927611000201_ref005 – volume: 72 start-page: 110 year: 2009 ident: S1431927611000201_ref016 article-title: La tecnologia unida a la restauracion para el studio de Retrato del poeta D. Luis de Gongora y Argote publication-title: Revista ph—Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Historico – ident: S1431927611000201_ref007 doi: 10.1007/s00339-010-5625-0 – ident: S1431927611000201_ref008 doi: 10.1007/s00216-009-2992-5 – start-page: 189 volume-title: Conservation Science 2007 year: 2008 ident: S1431927611000201_ref012 – ident: S1431927611000201_ref003 doi: 10.1007/s00216-009-2974-7 – ident: S1431927611000201_ref018 doi: 10.1107/S0021889806042488 – ident: S1431927611000201_ref017 doi: 10.1039/9781847558640 – ident: S1431927611000201_ref014 doi: 10.1126/science.159.3818.973-a – ident: S1431927611000201_ref019 – volume: 9 start-page: 87 year: 2008 ident: S1431927611000201_ref006 article-title: Observations with a portable X-ray diffraction system of a Pb-Sn-Sb-O yellow pigment in ceramics from the 15th–16th centuries publication-title: Macla – ident: S1431927611000201_ref015 – ident: S1431927611000201_ref004 doi: 10.1007/s00216-009-2997-0 – ident: S1431927611000201_ref020 doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.06.214 – ident: S1431927611000201_ref013 doi: 10.1002/xrs.1025 |
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| Title | Portable Apparatus for In Situ X-Ray Diffraction and Fluorescence Analyses of Artworks |
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