Microcontroller based application of bio-sensing the critical parameters of the human lung
A comprehensive study of the thermal exchange of airflow during respiration was carried out and verified on human subject for non-invasive observation setup. The mechanism was parameterized into its electrical references and descriptions. Latter was found for critical parameters translated into elec...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Integrated ferroelectrics Vol. 174; no. 1; pp. 195 - 202 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Philadelphia
Taylor & Francis
01.09.2016
Taylor & Francis Ltd |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1058-4587, 1607-8489 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | A comprehensive study of the thermal exchange of airflow during respiration was carried out and verified on human subject for non-invasive observation setup. The mechanism was parameterized into its electrical references and descriptions. Latter was found for critical parameters translated into electronic analogous signals. Important physical nodal points in the human breathing system are identified for temperature of exhale which is always between 41.1°C and 48.8°C and also it was found that humidity variations of inhale at 40 mg/l water contents having 100% RH which immediately reduced by 66% at exhale. This study was carried out by electromechanical setup of the system using sensors. Two types of custom processed sensors of NTC bead-type SiC and B
4
C as thermistors and GE EMD-4000 as humidity sensors that were modified at MeMDRL were used for such studies by carefully processing with bio-safe materials on these commercially available sensors; those were made suitable as bio-applicable sensors. The glass-like hardened non-hazardous Polyurethane μ-coating cured at constant temperature of 104°C for 18 hours were used. Special program for Arduino microcontroller system was created for the custom designed electronic hardware to control based on accurately processed data of sensor systems. Two sets of algorithms were computed to linearize all data forming at constant slope. By implementing HW/SW applications; the system can detect and measure the thermal energy and can convert into useful electrical power while breathing. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | A comprehensive study of the thermal exchange of airflow during respiration was carried out and verified on human subject for non-invasive observation setup. The mechanism was parameterized into its electrical references and descriptions. Latter was found for critical parameters translated into electronic analogous signals. Important physical nodal points in the human breathing system are identified for temperature of exhale which is always between 41.1°C and 48.8°C and also it was found that humidity variations of inhale at 40 mg/l water contents having 100% RH which immediately reduced by 66% at exhale. This study was carried out by electromechanical setup of the system using sensors. Two types of custom processed sensors of NTC bead-type SiC and B4C as thermistors and GE EMD-4000 as humidity sensors that were modified at MeMDRL were used for such studies by carefully processing with bio-safe materials on these commercially available sensors; those were made suitable as bio-applicable sensors. The glass-like hardened non-hazardous Polyurethane μ-coating cured at constant temperature of 104°C for 18 hours were used. Special program for Arduino microcontroller system was created for the custom designed electronic hardware to control based on accurately processed data of sensor systems. Two sets of algorithms were computed to linearize all data forming at constant slope. By implementing HW/SW applications; the system can detect and measure the thermal energy and can convert into useful electrical power while breathing. A comprehensive study of the thermal exchange of airflow during respiration was carried out and verified on human subject for non-invasive observation setup. The mechanism was parameterized into its electrical references and descriptions. Latter was found for critical parameters translated into electronic analogous signals. Important physical nodal points in the human breathing system are identified for temperature of exhale which is always between 41.1°C and 48.8°C and also it was found that humidity variations of inhale at 40 mg/l water contents having 100% RH which immediately reduced by 66% at exhale. This study was carried out by electromechanical setup of the system using sensors. Two types of custom processed sensors of NTC bead-type SiC and B 4 C as thermistors and GE EMD-4000 as humidity sensors that were modified at MeMDRL were used for such studies by carefully processing with bio-safe materials on these commercially available sensors; those were made suitable as bio-applicable sensors. The glass-like hardened non-hazardous Polyurethane μ-coating cured at constant temperature of 104°C for 18 hours were used. Special program for Arduino microcontroller system was created for the custom designed electronic hardware to control based on accurately processed data of sensor systems. Two sets of algorithms were computed to linearize all data forming at constant slope. By implementing HW/SW applications; the system can detect and measure the thermal energy and can convert into useful electrical power while breathing. A comprehensive study of the thermal exchange of airflow during respiration was carried out and verified on human subject for non-invasive observation setup. The mechanism was parameterized into its electrical references and descriptions. Latter was found for critical parameters translated into electronic analogous signals. Important physical nodal points in the human breathing system are identified for temperature of exhale which is always between 41.1 degree C and 48.8 degree C and also it was found that humidity variations of inhale at 40 mg/l water contents having 100% RH which immediately reduced by 66% at exhale. This study was carried out by electromechanical setup of the system using sensors. Two types of custom processed sensors of NTC bead-type SiC and B sub(4)C as thermistors and GE EMD-4000 as humidity sensors that were modified at MeMDRL were used for such studies by carefully processing with bio-safe materials on these commercially available sensors; those were made suitable as bio-applicable sensors. The glass-like hardened non-hazardous Polyurethane mu -coating cured at constant temperature of 104 degree C for 18 hours were used. Special program for Arduino microcontroller system was created for the custom designed electronic hardware to control based on accurately processed data of sensor systems. Two sets of algorithms were computed to linearize all data forming at constant slope. By implementing HW/SW applications; the system can detect and measure the thermal energy and can convert into useful electrical power while breathing. |
| Author | Guo, Ruyan Binzaid, Shuza Babulal, Swathi Bhalla, Amar |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Swathi surname: Babulal fullname: Babulal, Swathi organization: Multifunctional Electronic Materials and Devices Research Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio – sequence: 2 givenname: Shuza surname: Binzaid fullname: Binzaid, Shuza email: shuza00@yahoo.com organization: Multifunctional Electronic Materials and Devices Research Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio – sequence: 3 givenname: Ruyan surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Ruyan organization: Multifunctional Electronic Materials and Devices Research Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio – sequence: 4 givenname: Amar surname: Bhalla fullname: Bhalla, Amar organization: Multifunctional Electronic Materials and Devices Research Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio |
| BookMark | eNqFkEFLHTEQx0OxULV-hMKCl172Odm8zebhpUVsKyi9tBcvYZJNNJJNtkkW8ds322cvHvQ0A_P7DzO_I3IQYjCEfKKwoSDgjEIvtr0YNh1QvqF0x4Hzd-SQchhasRW7g9pXpl2hD-Qo5wcAyvqBH5LbG6dT1DGUFL03qVGYzdjgPHunsbgYmmgb5WKbTcgu3DXl3jQ6uVLHvpkx4WSKSXnF1tH9MmFo_BLuPpL3Fn02J8_1mPz-dvnr4kd7_fP71cXX61azgZaW91RRvtui6jizDBC4HQQiRWQWGdPKgLEWtspixxUaMUI3KiOU4v3YITsmn_d75xT_LCYXObmsjfcYTFyypIL19VcYoKKnL9CHuKRQr6sUMNF1HLpKne-paibnZKzUrvxzURI6LynI1bv8712u3uWz95ruX6Tn5CZMT2_mvuxzLtiYJnyMyY-y4JOPySYM2mXJXl_xFwRPnPg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1080_00150193_2018_1453192 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.09.011 10.1016/0141-5425(85)90022-6 10.1114/1.1481053 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2016 – notice: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7QQ 7SP 7SR 8FD JG9 L7M |
| DOI | 10.1080/10584587.2016.1196066 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Ceramic Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Engineered Materials Abstracts Technology Research Database Materials Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Materials Research Database Engineered Materials Abstracts Ceramic Abstracts Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Electronics & Communications Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitleList | Materials Research Database Materials Research Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1607-8489 |
| EndPage | 202 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 4116871371 10_1080_10584587_2016_1196066 1196066 |
| Genre | Article Feature |
| GroupedDBID | .7F .QJ 0BK 0R~ 29J 30N 4.4 5GY 5VS AAENE AAGDL AAHIA AAJMT AALDU AAMIU AAPUL AAQRR ABCCY ABFIM ABHAV ABJNI ABLIJ ABPAQ ABPEM ABTAI ABXUL ABXYU ACGEJ ACGFS ACGOD ACIWK ACTIO ADCVX ADGTB ADXPE AEISY AENEX AEOZL AEPSL AEYOC AFKVX AFRVT AGDLA AGMYJ AHDZW AIJEM AIYEW AJWEG AKBVH AKOOK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALQZU AQRUH AVBZW AWYRJ BLEHA C5L CCCUG CE4 CS3 DGEBU DKSSO DU5 EBS EJD E~A E~B GCUZY GTTXZ H13 HF~ HZ~ H~P IPNFZ J.P KYCEM M4Z NA5 NZ- O9- P2P PQQKQ RIG RNANH ROSJB RTWRZ S-T SNACF TASJS TBQAZ TEN TEX TFL TFT TFW TTHFI TUROJ TWF UT5 UU3 ZGOLN ~S~ 07S 1TA AANMX AATVF AAYXX ABCES ABGQB ABZIJ ACKDS ACLZH ADMLS ADPDO AFDUV AFGMD AHWVO AIPZZ ASQZU BVUPT C09 CAG CITATION COF DGEYW DWNMW EBKLY ECKKI EXXQB JHRKR LJTGL NUSFT QSQFL TAZ TCJPB TFMCV UC4 UU9 V3L 7QQ 7SP 7SR 8FD JG9 L7M |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-651b1694ab263f30a06f78aa1aa3fa33cbe0eff04bfa26bae8d02dbe8bb65d2a3 |
| IEDL.DBID | TFW |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 1 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000381108100025&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1058-4587 |
| IngestDate | Tue Aug 05 10:51:43 EDT 2025 Wed Aug 13 02:35:34 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 08 05:14:49 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:30:56 EST 2025 Mon Oct 20 23:37:50 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c371t-651b1694ab263f30a06f78aa1aa3fa33cbe0eff04bfa26bae8d02dbe8bb65d2a3 |
| Notes | SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| PQID | 1803822602 |
| PQPubID | 53148 |
| PageCount | 8 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_citationtrail_10_1080_10584587_2016_1196066 crossref_primary_10_1080_10584587_2016_1196066 proquest_miscellaneous_1835576070 proquest_journals_1803822602 informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1080_10584587_2016_1196066 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2016-09-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2016-09-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2016 text: 2016-09-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Philadelphia |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Philadelphia |
| PublicationTitle | Integrated ferroelectrics |
| PublicationYear | 2016 |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Taylor & Francis – name: Taylor & Francis Ltd |
| References | cit0010 DiGiovanna, Augustine Gaspar (cit0011) David C. (cit0003) Agnihotri, Archita (cit0007); 3 Needham C. D. (cit0009); 9 cit0019 cit0017 cit0018 cit0013 cit0022 cit0001 cit0023 cit0020 cit0021 Peng C. K. (cit0015); 30 Sherwood L. (cit0004) Keck T. (cit0008); 38 Kitney R. I. (cit0016); 7 cit0006 cit0028 Tu Jiyuan (cit0012) Frank S. M (cit0014) cit0026 cit0005 cit0027 cit0002 cit0024 cit0025 |
| References_xml | – ident: cit0013 – volume-title: RH Sensors: EMD Series ident: cit0019 – volume-title: Air Properties: Temperature and Relative Humidity ident: cit0003 – volume: 3 issue: 3 ident: cit0007 publication-title: International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications – volume-title: 2015 ident: cit0027 – start-page: 93 volume-title: Human Aging: Biological Perspectives ident: cit0011 – ident: cit0006 doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.09.011 – volume-title: Human Physiology ident: cit0004 – volume: 38 start-page: 167 issue: 4 ident: cit0008 publication-title: Rhinology – ident: cit0002 – volume-title: 2014 ident: cit0024 – volume-title: 2015 ident: cit0025 – volume-title: Applications Notes-Definitions NTC Thermistor101 ident: cit0022 – volume-title: Vital Signs (Body Temperature, Pulse Rate, Respiration Rate, Blood Pressure) ident: cit0017 – volume: 7 start-page: 217 ident: cit0016 publication-title: Journal of Biomedical Engineering doi: 10.1016/0141-5425(85)90022-6 – volume-title: 2015 ident: cit0028 – ident: cit0018 – ident: cit0010 – volume: 9 start-page: 318 issue: 4 ident: cit0009 publication-title: Thorax – start-page: 19 volume-title: Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System ident: cit0012 – ident: cit0001 – ident: cit0005 – volume-title: 2015 ident: cit0026 – volume-title: 2014 ident: cit0023 – volume-title: 2014 ident: cit0021 – volume: 30 start-page: 683 ident: cit0015 publication-title: Annals of Biomedical Engineering doi: 10.1114/1.1481053 – volume-title: The EMD Series – Overview ident: cit0020 – start-page: 272 ident: cit0014 publication-title: American Journal of Physiology |
| SSID | ssj0013576 |
| Score | 2.0523624 |
| Snippet | A comprehensive study of the thermal exchange of airflow during respiration was carried out and verified on human subject for non-invasive observation setup.... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref informaworld |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 195 |
| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Bio-sensors Biosensors Breathing Constants Electronics Ferroelectrics Humidity humidity sensors Lungs Microcontrollers Respiration Sensors Silicon carbide simulated human lung operation |
| Title | Microcontroller based application of bio-sensing the critical parameters of the human lung |
| URI | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10584587.2016.1196066 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1803822602 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1835576070 |
| Volume | 174 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000381108100025&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAWR databaseName: Taylor & Francis customDbUrl: eissn: 1607-8489 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0013576 issn: 1058-4587 databaseCode: TFW dateStart: 19920401 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.tandfonline.com providerName: Taylor & Francis |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LS8QwEA4iHvTgW3wTwWskbbpp9iji4kXxsKJ4KZM2EWHtynb19zuTpuuKiAc9tSWZPpJ5tfn6DWOnqLJ9zONTAUpakZW5FcZaLwxUmNznuGurUGwiv7kxDw_924gmbCKskt6hfUsUEXw1GTfYpkPE4RajZs_kBMzSaPMhCUcvjKGfTHM4uP9cR-iF8nIkIUik-4fnp7N8iU5fuEu_-eoQgAZr_3Dr62w1Zp_8vFWXDbbg6k22MsdJuMUerwmiFxHsIzfhFOcqPrfQzcee2-exaAj7Xj9xTCF5GSsmcKISfyGITUPdqClUAeQjdCrb7G5wOby4ErEAgyhVnkyF7iU20f0MbKqVVxKk9rkBSACUB6VK66TzXmbWQ6otOFPJtLIOZ1v3qhTUDlusx7XbZdxBKitdlXg-lZUGDCpCYJtLIM8ySPdY1g18UUZ2ciqSMSqSSGLaDV1BQ1fEodtjZzOx15ae4zeB_vysFtPwXcS3RUwK9YvsYacCRbT0pkiMVJhkaYmPcDJrRhulhReo3fiN-mBWl2v0rvt_uPwBW6bDFuB2yBankzd3xJbK9-lzMzkOev8BC8T-0w |
| linkProvider | Taylor & Francis |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3dT9swELegIMEeBhsgOr48iVdPTpw47uM0UTEBfeo0tBfrnNgIqaSoLfz93DkJK0KIh-0pkexzkvN9xT7_jrFTFNkBxvGpACWdyMrCCeNcEAYqDO4LvHVVLDZRjEbm-nqwfBaG0irpHzo0QBHRVpNy02J0lxKHV3SbuSkoM0uj0scofJWt5ehrCT9_PPz9dychjwXmiEQQTXeK561hXvinF-ilr6x1dEHDrf_x8tvsYxuA8u-NxHxiK77-zD4swRLusD9XlKXXJrFP_IyTq6v40l43nwbubqdiTunv9Q3HKJKXbdEETmjid5RlM6du1BQLAfIJ2pVd9mt4Nv5xLtoaDKJURbIQOk9cogcZuFSroCRIHQoDkACoAEqVzksfgsxcgFQ78KaSaeU8TrjOqxTUHuvV09rvM-4hlZWuShxPZaUBg7IQAecSKLIM0j7LOs7bsgUopzoZE5u0OKYd6yyxzras67Nvz2T3DULHewSD5Wm1i7g0Epo6Jla9Q3vYyYBtlX1uEyMVxlla4id8fW5GNaW9F6j99IH6YGBXaDSwX_7h8Sds43x8dWkvf44uDtgmNTX5boest5g9-CO2Xj4ubuez46gETzIpAww |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELZKixAcWh5FfYKRuBo5cdbxHitgBWpZ9VBExcUax3ZVaZutNtv-fmYcp2yFUA9wSiR7nGQ8M_4Sf5lh7D2a7BhxfClASSeqpnbCOBeFAY_gvsZT51OxiXo6Nefn49PMJuwyrZLeoWOfKCLFanLuax8HRhwecdUcmZqIWRp9PoHwR2wDobMmIz-b_Pi9kTBK9eVIRJDM8BPP34a5tzzdS176R7BOK9Bk6z_c-3O2meEnP-rt5QVbC-1L9mwlKeEr9vMbcfQyhX0WFpwWOs9Xdrr5PHJ3ORcdkd_bC44Ykje5ZAKnXOJXxLHpqBs1pTKAfIZRZZt9n3w--_hF5AoMolF1sRR6VLhCjytwpVZRSZA61gagAFARlGpckCFGWbkIpXYQjJeldwGnW498Ceo1W2_nbdhhPEApvfYNjqeqxoBBS0jp5gqoqwrKXVYNirdNTk9OVTJmtshZTAfVWVKdzarbZR_uxK77_BwPCYxXZ9Uu04eR2FcxseoB2YPBBGx29c4WRipEWVriI7y7a0YnpZ0XaMP8hvogrKs1hte9f7j8W_bk9NPEnnydHu-zp9TSk90O2PpycRMO2ePmdnnZLd4kF_gFHOgBvg |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Microcontroller+based+application+of+bio-sensing+the+critical+parameters+of+the+human+lung&rft.jtitle=Integrated+ferroelectrics&rft.au=Babulal%2C+Swathi&rft.au=Binzaid%2C+Shuza&rft.au=Guo%2C+Ruyan&rft.au=Bhalla%2C+Amar&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Ltd&rft.issn=1058-4587&rft.eissn=1607-8489&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=195&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10584587.2016.1196066&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT&rft.externalDocID=4116871371 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1058-4587&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1058-4587&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1058-4587&client=summon |