Mapping the Distribution and Discharge of Plastic Pollution in the Ganga River

The Ganga River, a lifeline for millions and a critical freshwater ecosystem, is under threat from escalating plastic pollution driven by widespread usage and inadequate disposal practices. While marine ecosystems have garnered extensive research attention, freshwater systems—particularly in the Glo...

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Vydáno v:Sustainability Ročník 17; číslo 11; s. 4932
Hlavní autoři: Sharma, Ekta, Ramachandran, Aishwarya, Dobriyal, Pariva, Badola, Srishti, Koldewey, Heather, Hussain, Syed Ainul, Badola, Ruchi
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Basel MDPI AG 01.06.2025
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ISSN:2071-1050, 2071-1050
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Abstract The Ganga River, a lifeline for millions and a critical freshwater ecosystem, is under threat from escalating plastic pollution driven by widespread usage and inadequate disposal practices. While marine ecosystems have garnered extensive research attention, freshwater systems—particularly in the Global South—remain underexplored, leaving critical gaps in understanding plastic pollution’s sources and pathways. Addressing these gaps, the study documents the prevalence and typology of plastic debris in urban and underexplored rural communities along the Ganga River, India, aiming to suggest mechanisms for a reduction in source-based pollution. A stratified random sampling approach was used to select survey sites and plastic debris was quantified and categorised through transect surveys. A total of 37,730 debris items were retrieved, dominated by packaging debris (52.46%), fragments (23.38%), tobacco-related debris (5.03%), and disposables (single-use plastic cutleries) (4.73%) along the surveyed segments with varying abundance trends. Floodplains displayed litter densities nearly 28 times higher than river shorelines (6.95 items/m2 vs. 0.25 items/m2), with minor variations between high- and low-population-density areas (7.14 items/m vs. 6.7 items/m2). No significant difference was found between rural and urban areas (V = 41, p = 0.19), with mean densities of 0.87 items/m2 and 0.81 items/m2, respectively. Seasonal variations were insignificant (V = 13, p = 0.30), but treatment sites displayed significant variance (Chi2 = 10.667, p = 0.004) due to flood impacts. The findings underscore the urgent need for tailored waste management strategies integrating industrial reforms, decentralised governance, and community-driven efforts. Enhanced baseline information and coordinated multi-sectoral efforts, including Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), are crucial for mitigating plastic pollution and protecting freshwater ecosystems, given rivers’ significant contribution to ocean pollution.
AbstractList The Ganga River, a lifeline for millions and a critical freshwater ecosystem, is under threat from escalating plastic pollution driven by widespread usage and inadequate disposal practices. While marine ecosystems have garnered extensive research attention, freshwater systems—particularly in the Global South—remain underexplored, leaving critical gaps in understanding plastic pollution’s sources and pathways. Addressing these gaps, the study documents the prevalence and typology of plastic debris in urban and underexplored rural communities along the Ganga River, India, aiming to suggest mechanisms for a reduction in source-based pollution. A stratified random sampling approach was used to select survey sites and plastic debris was quantified and categorised through transect surveys. A total of 37,730 debris items were retrieved, dominated by packaging debris (52.46%), fragments (23.38%), tobacco-related debris (5.03%), and disposables (single-use plastic cutleries) (4.73%) along the surveyed segments with varying abundance trends. Floodplains displayed litter densities nearly 28 times higher than river shorelines (6.95 items/m[sup.2] vs. 0.25 items/m[sup.2] ), with minor variations between high- and low-population-density areas (7.14 items/m vs. 6.7 items/m[sup.2] ). No significant difference was found between rural and urban areas (V = 41, p = 0.19), with mean densities of 0.87 items/m[sup.2] and 0.81 items/m[sup.2] , respectively. Seasonal variations were insignificant (V = 13, p = 0.30), but treatment sites displayed significant variance (Chi[sup.2] = 10.667, p = 0.004) due to flood impacts. The findings underscore the urgent need for tailored waste management strategies integrating industrial reforms, decentralised governance, and community-driven efforts. Enhanced baseline information and coordinated multi-sectoral efforts, including Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), are crucial for mitigating plastic pollution and protecting freshwater ecosystems, given rivers’ significant contribution to ocean pollution.
The Ganga River, a lifeline for millions and a critical freshwater ecosystem, is under threat from escalating plastic pollution driven by widespread usage and inadequate disposal practices. While marine ecosystems have garnered extensive research attention, freshwater systems—particularly in the Global South—remain underexplored, leaving critical gaps in understanding plastic pollution’s sources and pathways. Addressing these gaps, the study documents the prevalence and typology of plastic debris in urban and underexplored rural communities along the Ganga River, India, aiming to suggest mechanisms for a reduction in source-based pollution. A stratified random sampling approach was used to select survey sites and plastic debris was quantified and categorised through transect surveys. A total of 37,730 debris items were retrieved, dominated by packaging debris (52.46%), fragments (23.38%), tobacco-related debris (5.03%), and disposables (single-use plastic cutleries) (4.73%) along the surveyed segments with varying abundance trends. Floodplains displayed litter densities nearly 28 times higher than river shorelines (6.95 items/m2 vs. 0.25 items/m2), with minor variations between high- and low-population-density areas (7.14 items/m vs. 6.7 items/m2). No significant difference was found between rural and urban areas (V = 41, p = 0.19), with mean densities of 0.87 items/m2 and 0.81 items/m2, respectively. Seasonal variations were insignificant (V = 13, p = 0.30), but treatment sites displayed significant variance (Chi2 = 10.667, p = 0.004) due to flood impacts. The findings underscore the urgent need for tailored waste management strategies integrating industrial reforms, decentralised governance, and community-driven efforts. Enhanced baseline information and coordinated multi-sectoral efforts, including Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), are crucial for mitigating plastic pollution and protecting freshwater ecosystems, given rivers’ significant contribution to ocean pollution.
Audience Academic
Author Ramachandran, Aishwarya
Badola, Srishti
Koldewey, Heather
Badola, Ruchi
Sharma, Ekta
Dobriyal, Pariva
Hussain, Syed Ainul
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Snippet The Ganga River, a lifeline for millions and a critical freshwater ecosystem, is under threat from escalating plastic pollution driven by widespread usage and...
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StartPage 4932
SubjectTerms Distribution
Environmental aspects
Floodplains
Floods
Plastic pollution
Plastic scrap
Rivers
Stream measurements
Wind
Title Mapping the Distribution and Discharge of Plastic Pollution in the Ganga River
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/3217748622
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