Analysis and Implementation of a Direct Phase Unwrapping Method for Displacement Measurement Using Self-Mixing Interferometry

Self-mixing or optical feedback interferometry has been widely used for displacement and velocity measurement applications. For metric information retrieval with <; λ/2 precision, various phase unwrapping methods have been proposed. However, these are computationally heavy and require large numbe...

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Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE sensors journal Jg. 17; H. 22; S. 7425 - 7432
Hauptverfasser:	Ehtesham, Ayesha, Zabit, Usman, Bernal, Olivier D., Raja, Gulistan, Bosch, Thierry
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	New York IEEE 15.11.2017 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Schlagworte:	Algorithms Bandwidths Computer simulation Displacement measurement Electronics Engineering Sciences Error analysis Hardware Information retrieval Interferometry Laser feedback Laser modes Optical feedback optical feedback interferometry Optical interferometry Optics Phase retrieval Phase unwrapping Photonic Real time Real-time systems self-mixing Sensors Velocity measurement Phase Unwrapping Self-Mixing Displacement Measurement Optical Feedback Interferometry
ISSN:	1530-437X, 1558-1748
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Abstract	Self-mixing or optical feedback interferometry has been widely used for displacement and velocity measurement applications. For metric information retrieval with <; λ/2 precision, various phase unwrapping methods have been proposed. However, these are computationally heavy and require large number of hardware resources, thereby hindering the development of real-time, embedded solutions for large bandwidth applications. In this regard, a simple and efficient feedback phase retrieval algorithm, called consecutive samples-based unwrapping (CSU) is presented. Detailed analysis of its error performance has been conducted as a function of key optical feedback parameters. A theoretical study has also been conducted to explain as to why such good error performance is obtained for such a simple algorithm by establishing a linear relation between the modulated laser power signal and the laser phase in the absence of optical feedback for specific ranges of key optical feedback parameters. We applied CSU on various simulated and experimentally acquired signals using SMI for the retrieval of harmonic and arbitrary displacements and found out that CSU retrieves target displacement with a precision of about λ/10 while consuming much less time and hardware resources. The paper also presents FPGA based hardware design results of CSU and compares its performance with a traditional analytical phase unwrapping method in terms of maximum clock frequency, latency, and on-chip hardware resources. This hardware comparison strongly establishes the advantages of such a fast and computationally light algorithm, readily suitable for large bandwidth, embedded, and real-time sensing applications.
AbstractList	Self-mixing or optical feedback interferometry has been widely used for displacement and velocity measurement applications. For metric information retrieval with <; λ/2 precision, various phase unwrapping methods have been proposed. However, these are computationally heavy and require large number of hardware resources, thereby hindering the development of real-time, embedded solutions for large bandwidth applications. In this regard, a simple and efficient feedback phase retrieval algorithm, called consecutive samples-based unwrapping (CSU) is presented. Detailed analysis of its error performance has been conducted as a function of key optical feedback parameters. A theoretical study has also been conducted to explain as to why such good error performance is obtained for such a simple algorithm by establishing a linear relation between the modulated laser power signal and the laser phase in the absence of optical feedback for specific ranges of key optical feedback parameters. We applied CSU on various simulated and experimentally acquired signals using SMI for the retrieval of harmonic and arbitrary displacements and found out that CSU retrieves target displacement with a precision of about λ/10 while consuming much less time and hardware resources. The paper also presents FPGA based hardware design results of CSU and compares its performance with a traditional analytical phase unwrapping method in terms of maximum clock frequency, latency, and on-chip hardware resources. This hardware comparison strongly establishes the advantages of such a fast and computationally light algorithm, readily suitable for large bandwidth, embedded, and real-time sensing applications. Self-Mixing (SM) or optical feedback interferometry has been widely used for displacement and velocity measurement applications. For metric information retrieval with < λ/2 precision, various phase unwrapping methods have been proposed. However, these are computationally heavyand require large number of hardware resources, thereby hindering the development of real-time, embedded solutions for large bandwidth applications. In this regard, a simple and efficient feedback phase retrieval algorithm, called Consecutive Samples based Unwrapping (CSU) is presented. Detailed analysis of its error performance has been conducted as a function of key optical feedback parameters. A theoretical study has also been conducted to explain as to why such good error performance is obtained for such a simple algorithm by establishing a linearrelation between the modulated laser power signal and the laser phase in the absence of optical feedback for specific ranges of key optical feedback parameters. We applied CSU on various simulated and experimentally acquired signals using SMI for the retrieval of harmonic and arbitrary displacements and found out that CSU retrieves target displacement with a precision of about λ/10 while consuming much less time and hardware resources. The paper also presents FPGA based hardware design results of CSU and compares its performance with a traditional analytical phase unwrapping method in terms of maximum clock frequency, latency, and on-chip hardware resources. This hardware comparison strongly establishes the advantages of such a fast and computationally light algorithm, readily suitable for large bandwidth, embedded, real-time sensing applications. Self-mixing or optical feedback interferometry has been widely used for displacement and velocity measurement applications. For metric information retrieval with [Formula Omitted] precision, various phase unwrapping methods have been proposed. However, these are computationally heavy and require large number of hardware resources, thereby hindering the development of real-time, embedded solutions for large bandwidth applications. In this regard, a simple and efficient feedback phase retrieval algorithm, called consecutive samples-based unwrapping (CSU) is presented. Detailed analysis of its error performance has been conducted as a function of key optical feedback parameters. A theoretical study has also been conducted to explain as to why such good error performance is obtained for such a simple algorithm by establishing a linear relation between the modulated laser power signal and the laser phase in the absence of optical feedback for specific ranges of key optical feedback parameters. We applied CSU on various simulated and experimentally acquired signals using SMI for the retrieval of harmonic and arbitrary displacements and found out that CSU retrieves target displacement with a precision of about [Formula Omitted] while consuming much less time and hardware resources. The paper also presents FPGA based hardware design results of CSU and compares its performance with a traditional analytical phase unwrapping method in terms of maximum clock frequency, latency, and on-chip hardware resources. This hardware comparison strongly establishes the advantages of such a fast and computationally light algorithm, readily suitable for large bandwidth, embedded, and real-time sensing applications.
Author	Ehtesham, Ayesha Raja, Gulistan Bernal, Olivier D. Zabit, Usman Bosch, Thierry
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ayesha surname: Ehtesham fullname: Ehtesham, Ayesha organization: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Eng. & Technol., Taxila, Pakistan – sequence: 2 givenname: Usman surname: Zabit fullname: Zabit, Usman email: usman.zabit@seecs.nust.edu.pk organization: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Islamabad, Pakistan – sequence: 3 givenname: Olivier D. surname: Bernal fullname: Bernal, Olivier D. organization: LAAS, Univ. de Toulouse, Toulouse, France – sequence: 4 givenname: Gulistan surname: Raja fullname: Raja, Gulistan email: gulistan.raja@uettaxila.edu.pk organization: Dept. of Electron. Eng., Univ. of Eng. & Technol., Taxila, Pakistan – sequence: 5 givenname: Thierry surname: Bosch fullname: Bosch, Thierry email: thierry.bosch@enseeiht.fr organization: LAAS, Univ. de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Snippet	Self-mixing or optical feedback interferometry has been widely used for displacement and velocity measurement applications. For metric information retrieval... Self-Mixing (SM) or optical feedback interferometry has been widely used for displacement and velocity measurement applications. For metric information...
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Bandwidths Computer simulation Displacement measurement Electronics Engineering Sciences Error analysis Hardware Information retrieval Interferometry Laser feedback Laser modes Optical feedback optical feedback interferometry Optical interferometry Optics Phase retrieval Phase unwrapping Photonic Real time Real-time systems self-mixing Sensors Velocity measurement
Title	Analysis and Implementation of a Direct Phase Unwrapping Method for Displacement Measurement Using Self-Mixing Interferometry
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