Infrared Precursor Experiment to Predict Water Inrushes in Underground Spaces Using a Multiparameter Normalization
Rock failure is the root cause of geological disasters such as slope failure, civil tunnel collapse, and water inrush in roadways and mines. Accurate and effective monitoring of the loaded rock failure process can provide reliable precursor information for water inrushes in underground engineering s...
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| Published in: | Sustainability Vol. 15; no. 9; p. 7570 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
01.05.2023
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| ISSN: | 2071-1050, 2071-1050 |
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| Abstract | Rock failure is the root cause of geological disasters such as slope failure, civil tunnel collapse, and water inrush in roadways and mines. Accurate and effective monitoring of the loaded rock failure process can provide reliable precursor information for water inrushes in underground engineering structures such as in mines, civil tunnels, and subways. The water inrush may affect the safe and efficient execution of these engineering structures. Therefore, it is essential to predict the water inrush effectively. In this paper, the water inrush process of the roadway was simulated by laboratory experiments. The multiparameters such as strain energy field and infrared radiation temperature field were normalized based on the normalization algorithm of linear function transformation. On the basis of analyzing the variation characteristics of the original parameters, the evolution characteristics after the parameters normalization algorithm were studied, and the precursor of roadway water inrush was predicted comprehensively. The results show that the dissipation energy ratio, the infrared radiation variation coefficient (IRVC), the average infrared radiation temperature (AIRT), and the variance of successful minor infrared image temperature (VSMIT) are all suitable for the prediction of roadway water inrushes in the developing face of an excavation. The intermediate mutation of the IRVC can be used as an early precursor of roadway water inrush in the face of an excavation that is being developed. The inflection of the dissipation energy ratio from a declining amount to a level value and the mutation of VSMIT during rock failure can be used as the middle precursor of roadway water inrush. The mutation of AIRT and VSMIT after rock failure can be used as the precursor of roadway imminent water inrush. Combining with the early precursor and middle precursor of roadway water inrush, the graded warning of “early precursor–middle precursor–final precursor” of roadway water inrush can be obtained. The research results provide a theoretical basis for water inrush monitoring and early warning in the sustainable development of mine, tunnel, shaft, and foundation pit excavations. |
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| AbstractList | Rock failure is the root cause of geological disasters such as slope failure, civil tunnel collapse, and water inrush in roadways and mines. Accurate and effective monitoring of the loaded rock failure process can provide reliable precursor information for water inrushes in underground engineering structures such as in mines, civil tunnels, and subways. The water inrush may affect the safe and efficient execution of these engineering structures. Therefore, it is essential to predict the water inrush effectively. In this paper, the water inrush process of the roadway was simulated by laboratory experiments. The multiparameters such as strain energy field and infrared radiation temperature field were normalized based on the normalization algorithm of linear function transformation. On the basis of analyzing the variation characteristics of the original parameters, the evolution characteristics after the parameters normalization algorithm were studied, and the precursor of roadway water inrush was predicted comprehensively. The results show that the dissipation energy ratio, the infrared radiation variation coefficient (IRVC), the average infrared radiation temperature (AIRT), and the variance of successful minor infrared image temperature (VSMIT) are all suitable for the prediction of roadway water inrushes in the developing face of an excavation. The intermediate mutation of the IRVC can be used as an early precursor of roadway water inrush in the face of an excavation that is being developed. The inflection of the dissipation energy ratio from a declining amount to a level value and the mutation of VSMIT during rock failure can be used as the middle precursor of roadway water inrush. The mutation of AIRT and VSMIT after rock failure can be used as the precursor of roadway imminent water inrush. Combining with the early precursor and middle precursor of roadway water inrush, the graded warning of "early precursor-middle precursor-final precursor" of roadway water inrush can be obtained. The research results provide a theoretical basis for water inrush monitoring and early warning in the sustainable development of mine, tunnel, shaft, and foundation pit excavations. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Ali, Muhammad Khan, Naseer Muhammad Dong, Furong Cao, Kewang Feroze, Tariq S. Alarifi, Saad Ma, Liqiang Hussain, Sajjad |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kewang surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Kewang – sequence: 2 givenname: Furong surname: Dong fullname: Dong, Furong – sequence: 3 givenname: Liqiang orcidid: 0000-0002-8161-034X surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Liqiang – sequence: 4 givenname: Naseer Muhammad surname: Khan fullname: Khan, Naseer Muhammad – sequence: 5 givenname: Tariq surname: Feroze fullname: Feroze, Tariq – sequence: 6 givenname: Saad orcidid: 0000-0003-1611-1736 surname: S. Alarifi fullname: S. Alarifi, Saad – sequence: 7 givenname: Sajjad orcidid: 0000-0003-4591-815X surname: Hussain fullname: Hussain, Sajjad – sequence: 8 givenname: Muhammad orcidid: 0000-0003-0351-2864 surname: Ali fullname: Ali, Muhammad |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1109_TGRS_2024_3452937 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_infrared_2025_105778 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_infrared_2025_105898 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csite_2025_106472 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_infrared_2023_104968 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0270336 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11629_024_8855_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2024_136617 |
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| SubjectTerms | Energy consumption Friction Heat Infrared radiation Measurement Mining Radiation Railroad tunnels Sustainable development Thermal energy |
| Title | Infrared Precursor Experiment to Predict Water Inrushes in Underground Spaces Using a Multiparameter Normalization |
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