Abacavir use and cardiovascular disease events: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data

The use of abacavir (ABC) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in some cohort studies. However, no excess risk of myocardial infarction (MI) with ABC therapy has been observed in individual randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and in the aggregated clinical trials databa...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:
Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:AIDS (London) Ročník 25; číslo 16; s. 1993
Hlavní autoři: Cruciani, Mario, Zanichelli, Veronica, Serpelloni, Giovanni, Bosco, Oliviero, Malena, Marina, Mazzi, Romualdo, Mengoli, Carlo, Parisi, Saverio G, Moyle, Graeme
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England 23.10.2011
Témata:
ISSN:1473-5571, 1473-5571
On-line přístup:Zjistit podrobnosti o přístupu
Tagy: Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
Abstract The use of abacavir (ABC) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in some cohort studies. However, no excess risk of myocardial infarction (MI) with ABC therapy has been observed in individual randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and in the aggregated clinical trials database maintained by the manufacturer of ABC. To combine all the evidence from RCTs by means of meta-analysis to estimate the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) containing ABC on MI and overall major cardiovascular events (CVEs). Primary outcomes included MI, CVE, adverse events requiring discontinuation of treatment, and overall mortality. We used a conventional Mantel-Haenszel method, with risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or, in the presence of heterogeneity, a random-effect model. Data were from 28 primary RCTs (9233 participants) comparing ABC-containing cART (4376 participants) to other regimens not containing ABC (4857 controls). MI data were available from 18 trials (31 episodes in 7054 patients) and CVE data from 20 trials (79 episodes in 7899 patients). Compared to the controls, ABC use did not increase significantly the occurrence of MI (risk ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.39-1.35; P = 0.31), CVE (risk ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.62-1.44; P = 0.80), overall mortality (risk ratio 1.20, 95% CI 0.63-2.27; P = 0.58), and adverse events requiring discontinuation of treatment (risk ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.67-1.00; P = 0.05). This meta-analysis of RCTs does not support the hypothesis that ABC-containing cART regimens carry a greater risk of MI or major cardiovascular events relative to comparator cART.
AbstractList The use of abacavir (ABC) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in some cohort studies. However, no excess risk of myocardial infarction (MI) with ABC therapy has been observed in individual randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and in the aggregated clinical trials database maintained by the manufacturer of ABC. To combine all the evidence from RCTs by means of meta-analysis to estimate the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) containing ABC on MI and overall major cardiovascular events (CVEs). Primary outcomes included MI, CVE, adverse events requiring discontinuation of treatment, and overall mortality. We used a conventional Mantel-Haenszel method, with risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or, in the presence of heterogeneity, a random-effect model. Data were from 28 primary RCTs (9233 participants) comparing ABC-containing cART (4376 participants) to other regimens not containing ABC (4857 controls). MI data were available from 18 trials (31 episodes in 7054 patients) and CVE data from 20 trials (79 episodes in 7899 patients). Compared to the controls, ABC use did not increase significantly the occurrence of MI (risk ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.39-1.35; P = 0.31), CVE (risk ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.62-1.44; P = 0.80), overall mortality (risk ratio 1.20, 95% CI 0.63-2.27; P = 0.58), and adverse events requiring discontinuation of treatment (risk ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.67-1.00; P = 0.05). This meta-analysis of RCTs does not support the hypothesis that ABC-containing cART regimens carry a greater risk of MI or major cardiovascular events relative to comparator cART.
The use of abacavir (ABC) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in some cohort studies. However, no excess risk of myocardial infarction (MI) with ABC therapy has been observed in individual randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and in the aggregated clinical trials database maintained by the manufacturer of ABC.BACKGROUNDThe use of abacavir (ABC) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in some cohort studies. However, no excess risk of myocardial infarction (MI) with ABC therapy has been observed in individual randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and in the aggregated clinical trials database maintained by the manufacturer of ABC.To combine all the evidence from RCTs by means of meta-analysis to estimate the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) containing ABC on MI and overall major cardiovascular events (CVEs).OBJECTIVETo combine all the evidence from RCTs by means of meta-analysis to estimate the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) containing ABC on MI and overall major cardiovascular events (CVEs).Primary outcomes included MI, CVE, adverse events requiring discontinuation of treatment, and overall mortality. We used a conventional Mantel-Haenszel method, with risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or, in the presence of heterogeneity, a random-effect model.METHODSPrimary outcomes included MI, CVE, adverse events requiring discontinuation of treatment, and overall mortality. We used a conventional Mantel-Haenszel method, with risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or, in the presence of heterogeneity, a random-effect model.Data were from 28 primary RCTs (9233 participants) comparing ABC-containing cART (4376 participants) to other regimens not containing ABC (4857 controls). MI data were available from 18 trials (31 episodes in 7054 patients) and CVE data from 20 trials (79 episodes in 7899 patients). Compared to the controls, ABC use did not increase significantly the occurrence of MI (risk ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.39-1.35; P = 0.31), CVE (risk ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.62-1.44; P = 0.80), overall mortality (risk ratio 1.20, 95% CI 0.63-2.27; P = 0.58), and adverse events requiring discontinuation of treatment (risk ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.67-1.00; P = 0.05).RESULTSData were from 28 primary RCTs (9233 participants) comparing ABC-containing cART (4376 participants) to other regimens not containing ABC (4857 controls). MI data were available from 18 trials (31 episodes in 7054 patients) and CVE data from 20 trials (79 episodes in 7899 patients). Compared to the controls, ABC use did not increase significantly the occurrence of MI (risk ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.39-1.35; P = 0.31), CVE (risk ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.62-1.44; P = 0.80), overall mortality (risk ratio 1.20, 95% CI 0.63-2.27; P = 0.58), and adverse events requiring discontinuation of treatment (risk ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.67-1.00; P = 0.05).This meta-analysis of RCTs does not support the hypothesis that ABC-containing cART regimens carry a greater risk of MI or major cardiovascular events relative to comparator cART.CONCLUSIONThis meta-analysis of RCTs does not support the hypothesis that ABC-containing cART regimens carry a greater risk of MI or major cardiovascular events relative to comparator cART.
Author Cruciani, Mario
Moyle, Graeme
Malena, Marina
Zanichelli, Veronica
Serpelloni, Giovanni
Bosco, Oliviero
Mengoli, Carlo
Mazzi, Romualdo
Parisi, Saverio G
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mario
  surname: Cruciani
  fullname: Cruciani, Mario
  email: crucianimario@virgilio.it
  organization: Centre of Community Medicine & HIV Outpatient Clinic, Verona, Italy. crucianimario@virgilio.it
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Veronica
  surname: Zanichelli
  fullname: Zanichelli, Veronica
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Giovanni
  surname: Serpelloni
  fullname: Serpelloni, Giovanni
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Oliviero
  surname: Bosco
  fullname: Bosco, Oliviero
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Marina
  surname: Malena
  fullname: Malena, Marina
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Romualdo
  surname: Mazzi
  fullname: Mazzi, Romualdo
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Carlo
  surname: Mengoli
  fullname: Mengoli, Carlo
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Saverio G
  surname: Parisi
  fullname: Parisi, Saverio G
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Graeme
  surname: Moyle
  fullname: Moyle, Graeme
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21716077$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpNUNlKxDAUDTLiLPoHInnzqWOWpkl9G8YVBkTQ53KT3GKkTcemHZi_d3BBn865nAXumZNJ7CIScs7ZkrNSXz2vbpbMMi5RCiPz0hWIR2TGcy0zpTSf_ONTMk_pnTGmmDEnZCq45gXTekZgZcHBLvR0TEgheuqg96HbQXJjAz31ISEcJNxhHNI1BdriABlEaPYpJNrVdDvaJqQ39F_5Mf7dHgY4Jcc1NAnPfnBBXu9uX9YP2ebp_nG92mROFmbIhHSGe0RhXe54XTMOjksvjWB1bZ1Fh9557w-v-tIIBZoDFqXJpaxzxXKxIJffvdu--xgxDVUbksOmgYjdmCpTGsVUafTBefHjHG2Lvtr2oYV-X_2uIj4Bp5hpkg
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_S2352_3018_25_00043_8
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_015_1183_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_idc_2024_04_002
crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofaf177
crossref_primary_10_1097_EDE_0000000000000041
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0b013e328354f4fb
crossref_primary_10_1007_s15010_015_0795_5
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000864
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2018_025874
crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_cir829
crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2012_0048
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0264445
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_018_3198_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jacc_2023_04_003
crossref_primary_10_2174_1874613601509010023
crossref_primary_10_1177_2040622312471840
crossref_primary_10_1016_S1474_4422_12_70205_3
crossref_primary_10_1093_jac_dku279
crossref_primary_10_7448_IAS_15_2_17393
crossref_primary_10_1007_s15006_012_0622_1
crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciz283
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000001547
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_016_0331_y
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000003448
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000001666
crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2012_0034
crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2012_0278
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0b013e31828d69f1
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000001783
crossref_primary_10_1586_eri_12_53
crossref_primary_10_7448_IAS_19_8_21487
crossref_primary_10_1038_nrcardio_2014_167
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13181_013_0325_8
crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofw061
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40780_017_0093_8
crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofy086
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_antiviral_2016_05_015
crossref_primary_10_2217_fvl_2016_0047
crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_12383
crossref_primary_10_1080_1120009X_2016_1269040
crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_23624
crossref_primary_10_1136_openhrt_2014_000174
crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000410
crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000015
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000002490
crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1468_1293_2012_00996_x
crossref_primary_10_1097_HCO_0000000000000041
crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000004890
crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciu617
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms11040958
crossref_primary_10_1071_SH12081
crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_12_61853_4
crossref_primary_10_1517_14740338_2015_1059818
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pcad_2016_02_008
crossref_primary_10_1080_14740338_2021_1931115
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0b013e32834bab9e
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jacc_2012_06_063
crossref_primary_10_1186_2046_4053_3_87
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cjca_2018_12_024
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phrs_2025_107812
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0148231
crossref_primary_10_1093_jac_dkw303
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_thromres_2012_12_007
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40256_015_0105_8
crossref_primary_10_1093_aje_kwu010
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000662
crossref_primary_10_2217_fvl_13_87
crossref_primary_10_1002_cpt_2048
crossref_primary_10_1111_tmi_13405
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_016_0588_4
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0116297
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_015_0284_6
crossref_primary_10_1093_eurheartj_eht528
crossref_primary_10_1161_CIR_0000000000001168
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40121_016_0115_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_medmal_2013_09_012
crossref_primary_10_3390_cells12040523
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11136_017_1519_3
crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_12426
crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2334_13_269
crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_12422
crossref_primary_10_2217_fvl_12_25
crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_12186
crossref_primary_10_4102_sajhivmed_v18i1_776
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40121_018_0201_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2018_07_010
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_idc_2014_05_004
crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2023_1118653
crossref_primary_10_1071_SH23043
crossref_primary_10_1177_2047487312452964
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0117164
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000881
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tcm_2012_12_002
crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_12217
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_017_2808_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jacl_2015_09_002
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0b013e31824476e1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eimc_2013_04_009
crossref_primary_10_1517_14740338_2013_806480
crossref_primary_10_1155_2017_5897298
crossref_primary_10_3851_IMP2726
crossref_primary_10_1177_0956462415585448
crossref_primary_10_1093_ckj_sfs141
crossref_primary_10_1007_s15006_012_0623_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cpcardiol_2025_103101
crossref_primary_10_1016_S2213_8587_15_00388_5
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_013_0168_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_012_0124_x
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000003786
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_016_1827_1
crossref_primary_10_1161_STROKEAHA_120_033272
ContentType Journal Article
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328349c6ee
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod no_fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 1473-5571
ExternalDocumentID 21716077
Genre Meta-Analysis
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
.XZ
.Z2
01R
0R~
1J1
23M
2WC
354
40H
4Q1
4Q2
4Q3
5GY
5RE
5VS
71W
77Y
7O~
85S
8L-
AAAAV
AAAXR
AAGIX
AAIQE
AAJCS
AAMOA
AAMTA
AARTV
AASOK
AAUEB
AAXQO
ABBUW
ABDIG
ABIVO
ABJNI
ABPXF
ABXVJ
ABZAD
ACCJW
ACDDN
ACDOF
ACEWG
ACGFS
ACILI
ACOAL
ACWDW
ACWRI
ACXNZ
ACZKN
ADBBV
ADGGA
ADHPY
ADNKB
AE3
AE6
AEETU
AENEX
AFDTB
AFEXH
AFNMH
AFUWQ
AGINI
AHOMT
AHQNM
AHRYX
AHVBC
AIJEX
AINUH
AJCLO
AJIOK
AJNWD
AJNYG
AJZMW
ALKUP
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMJPA
AMNEI
BAWUL
BOYCO
BQLVK
BYPQX
C45
CGR
CS3
CUY
CVF
DIK
DIWNM
DUNZO
E.X
E3Z
EBS
ECM
EIF
EX3
F2K
F2L
F2M
F2N
F5P
FCALG
FL-
FW0
H0~
HZ~
IKREB
IKYAY
IN~
JK3
JK8
K8S
KD2
KMI
KQ8
L-C
L7B
N9A
NPM
N~7
N~B
O9-
OAG
OAH
OBH
ODMTH
OHH
OHYEH
OK1
OL1
OLB
OLG
OLH
OLU
OLV
OLY
OLZ
OPUJH
OPX
OUVQU
OVD
OVDNE
OVIDH
OVLEI
OVOZU
OWU
OWV
OWW
OWX
OWY
OWZ
OXXIT
P2P
RLZ
S4R
S4S
SJN
TEORI
TR2
V2I
VVN
W3M
WOQ
WOW
X3V
X3W
XJT
XXN
XYM
YFH
ZZMQN
7X8
ADKSD
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c368t-23c81dee2bc4c1ff01ac13d3820ffbcbecedcddd834d9825a71ae698433f45042
IEDL.DBID 7X8
ISICitedReferencesCount 132
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000297026300008&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1473-5571
IngestDate Mon Sep 29 05:38:51 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 05:33:46 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 16
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c368t-23c81dee2bc4c1ff01ac13d3820ffbcbecedcddd834d9825a71ae698433f45042
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
PMID 21716077
PQID 898505987
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_898505987
pubmed_primary_21716077
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2011-10-23
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2011-10-23
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2011
  text: 2011-10-23
  day: 23
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace England
PublicationPlace_xml – name: England
PublicationTitle AIDS (London)
PublicationTitleAlternate AIDS
PublicationYear 2011
References 21997489 - AIDS. 2011 Oct 23;25(16):2043-5
References_xml – reference: 21997489 - AIDS. 2011 Oct 23;25(16):2043-5
SSID ssj0005088
Score 2.4270344
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet The use of abacavir (ABC) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in some cohort studies. However, no excess risk of myocardial...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 1993
SubjectTerms Anti-HIV Agents - administration & dosage
Anti-HIV Agents - adverse effects
Cardiovascular Diseases - chemically induced
Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality
Dideoxynucleosides - administration & dosage
Dideoxynucleosides - adverse effects
Female
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - mortality
Humans
Male
Myocardial Infarction - chemically induced
Myocardial Infarction - mortality
Odds Ratio
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Risk Factors
Title Abacavir use and cardiovascular disease events: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21716077
https://www.proquest.com/docview/898505987
Volume 25
WOSCitedRecordID wos000297026300008&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV07T8MwELaAIsTC-1Fe8sBqtYmdOGFBFVAx0KpIIHWLnLMtdSApTdvfzzl1qBgQA0ukDJas89n3ne_zd4TcCoUpl1aaxaGwTAS5ZXkgFEsgca3DpIqglsx_kcNhMh6nI8_NqTytsjkT64Nal-DuyDtJmmCwxgz5fvrJXNMoV1z1HTQ2SYsjknFOLcdrsXCHPerHRZKzKJJB83IulZ3X3mNzBYjxVaQQG_M7xqxjTX__n7M8IHseZNLeyisOyYYpjsjOwJfRj4nq5QrUcjKji8pQVWgKP2ip1JdtaC3vVN1RRT_MXDHlFUxoaenU8-l1PX5RrP8d6fSEvPef3h6eme-1wIDHyZyFHBC5GhPmICCwthsoCLjmCBCszQFX2mjQWqOxdIpZpZKBMnGaCM6tiHDnn5KtoizMOaEhdHkOkEQC1x8MTwOQAkfaCBDd2LBNaGO7DH3ZFShUYcpFlX1br03OVvbPpivNjSx0sj5dKS_-HnxJdkNP1Av5FWlZ3MfmmmzDcj6pZje1j-B3OBp8AeVUyDs
linkProvider ProQuest
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Abacavir+use+and+cardiovascular+disease+events%3A+a+meta-analysis+of+published+and+unpublished+data&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%29&rft.au=Cruciani%2C+Mario&rft.au=Zanichelli%2C+Veronica&rft.au=Serpelloni%2C+Giovanni&rft.au=Bosco%2C+Oliviero&rft.date=2011-10-23&rft.eissn=1473-5571&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1993&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2FQAD.0b013e328349c6ee&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21716077&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21716077&rft.externalDocID=21716077
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1473-5571&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1473-5571&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1473-5571&client=summon